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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一、语态概述读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思中学英语被动语态专项讲解可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系.英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg： Many people speak Chinese.谓语： speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的.被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者,即行为动作的对象.eg： Chinese is
2、 spoken by many people. 主语 English是动词 speak 的承担者.二、被动语态的构成可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_被动语态由 “ ”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过来的. 被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成.各种时态的被动语态构成：1.一般现在时：am is are及物动词的过去分词 Eg： Im asked to take care of myself.Football is played all over the world 的变化表现出可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_
3、精品资料_2.一般过去时：was were 及物动词的过去分词 Eg： This house was built in 1958.His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来时：will shall be及物动词的过去分词 Eg： More factories will be built in our city.用动词show 的被动语态填空1. I know a new film at the cinema every week可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.2.
4、I know a new film weekat the cinema last可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4.现在进行时：am is are being及物动词的过去分词. Eg： A road is being built around the mountain.Many new houses are being built in this city5.过去进行时：was/were being 及物动词的过去分词 Eg： The meeting was being held when I was there.We were being trained this time
5、 last year.6.现在完成时：havehas been及物动词的过去分词3). I know a new film at the cinema these days4). I know a new film at the cinema at eight last night 5). I know a new film at the cinema recently 6. I know a new film at the cinema in two day7. I know a new film at the cinema by the end of lastweek可编辑资料 - - -
6、 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Eg： His book has been translated into many foreign languages.The prices of many goods have been cut again .7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词Eg： A new school had been set up by the end of last year.8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg： The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.可编辑资料 -
7、- - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思三、主动语态变被动语态的方法：1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.2.把谓语变成被动结构be过去分词 依据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原先主动语态句子中动词的时态来打算be 的形式 .3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.Heplanttreesin
8、spring .Treesareplantedbyhiminspring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变,原主变宾by 后见,时态人称be 关键. All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him. 留意：1.间接宾语前需要加for 的动词,buy ,sing ,c
9、atch ,find ,get,drw ,cook ,keep ,make , offer等. 2. 间接宾语前需要加to 的动词, bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return等 3.假如复合宾语是由“宾语+不带 to 的动词不定式”构成,变为被动语态时,动词不定式前的to 要补出来. 常见的这类动词有： 一感（ feel）,二听（ hear,listen to）三让（ let ,make ,have ）四看（ watch ,see ,notice ,observ
10、e,+lookat）但动词为let 时, to 仍可省略.Eg:1.The story made us laugh . We were made to laugh by the story.2.The teacher let the little boy go home . The little boy was let to gohome .4). 短语动词的被动语态：一般说来, 只有及物动词才有被动语态,但很多 “不及物动词 +副词或介词” 构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,也可以有被动语态,但变被动语态后,不行把介词或副词漏掉.Eg： 1.He turned on the radio jus
11、t now. The radio was turned on just now .2.They take good care of the babies . The babies are taken care of. 3.The look after the babies .The babies are looked after .5). 宾语从句主动变被动,有两种改写方法：.用 it 做被动语态的形式主语,宾语从句保持不变. 宾语从句被动语态常用特别句式：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It is said that（据说）, It is reported that（据报道）
12、 , It is well known that（众所周知）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It is supposed that（ 据估计说） ,It is believed that大家信任, It is hoped that大家期望, It is thought that大家认为, It is suggested that据建议等等 .eg:1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人.2.It is said that the boy has passed the nat
13、ional exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）.将从句的主语改为被动语态的主语,从句的谓语部分变为不定式.这时的动词不定式所用的形式要与原先的宾语从句保持一样.Eg： They say that our teacher is busy these days . It is said that our teacher is busy these days. Our teacher is said to be busy these days.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - -
14、 - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思6). 假如原句宾语有后置定语修饰,变为被动语态时,应把后置修饰语伴同宾语一同提前. Eg： we clean the windows of our classroom every day .The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day.7.by 短语的取舍：当主动句中是who ,what
15、,which 等做主语,变被动语态后句首的疑问词在句中的成分由原先的主语变为介词 by 的宾语,应留意介词by 不能丢.Eg： who wrote the book . who was the book written by .四可与被动语态连用的介词在被动语态的句子中,常用介词by 引出动作的发出者,实际上同被动语态连用的介词除by 以外仍有很多.1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for .be used forsth/doingsth 被用于被用于做Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you . 2.Stamps are used for
16、 sending letters .2.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用介词withEg： 1.The trees were cut down with a knife .2.The bottle is filled with orange .3.表示“被作为发生 ”应用介词as（ be used as 被作为使用）Eg： English is used as a first language in Canada.4. 在 be well-known后应用介词to,表示“被所熟知”Eg： The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the
17、world .5.在 be made 后可用多个介词表示不同的意义1.be made in表示“在某的制造” Eg： This Tv set is made in shanghai .2.be made of和 be made from 都可以表示“由制成的”,但 be made of 强调从制成品上可以看出原材料,be made from 就表示从制成品上看不出原材料.Eg： 1.This table is made of wood .2.This kind of paper is made from wood.3.be made by 由（人）制造的Eg： The cake is made
18、 by my mother .4.be made into 表示“被制成.”makeinto把制成（主动形式）Eg： Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯.5） .be made after 表示“仿照 .制成”Eg： This machine is made after theirs . 这台机器是仿照他们的机器制成的.6.be made up of 表示“由 .组成”Eg： Our class is made up of fifty students .五.主动形式被动含义在英语中,主动意义用主动语态表示,被动意义用被动语态表示.但在以下几
19、种情形下,被动意义却用主动语态来表示：一少数动词, 既可作及物动词, 也可作不及物动词.当它们作不及物动词且用来表示主语内在品质或性能时,可用一般时态的主动形式表示被动意义,其主语大多为事物. 常见的有： sell “销售好 ”read好读 ”,write “好写 ”,wash“耐洗 ”, wear “耐穿 , last, tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take等、eg:1. The tickets cost too much and sold badly. 这些票太贵了,销路不好.2. Can you lend Hie your pen.Your
20、 pen writes better 你能把你的钢笔借给我吗.你的钢笔更好写.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3.The pen writes well.这笔好写.4.The door won t op门en开. 不下来.5.The clothes wash easily.这衣服很好洗.6. The d
21、oor wontopen.这门打不开.留意：这类动词的主动形式表示被动意义有三个明显特点1). 与 not, hardly 等否定意义的词连用.2). 常与副词well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等连用表示成效或程度.3）句中的主语是谓语动词的承担者.二. 某些表示感觉,状态,特点的系动词eg：feel,look,sound, smell,taste等系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,主语是物.Eg:1.Theclothfeels soft.这布料摸起来很软. 2.Hiscake tastes good.他的蛋糕味道很好. 3.G
22、ood medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口三. 动词 need, want, require 等表示 “需要 ”或“应当”的意义时,后用动词ing 的主动式或动词不定式被动形式表示变动意义. Eg： 1.The floor needs sweeping. 的板须拖一下.2.The old bike needs repairingor:to be repaired. 那辆旧自行车需要修理.3.Yourhair needs cutting 你的头发需要理了. 4.Thewallrequires painting 这墙壁需要粉刷了.四 .“主语 +be worthdoing ”句
23、式中ving 形式表达被动含义Eg ： 1.This bookis wellworthreading. 2.The filmis wellworthseeing五. 不定式以主动形式表达被动意义的情形主要有以下两种：1.1.不定式作定语与被修饰的词形成动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式表被动意义.Eg： 1.Ihave something importantto tellyou. 我有重要事情要告知你.2.Is there anythingelse to say.仍有别的什么事情要说吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2). 在 “主语+ 系动词 + adj. + to do结构”中
24、 ,不定式作为主语的补足语对主语作补充说明,与主语之间形成动可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_宾关系时,其主动形式表示被动含义.（形容词通常为easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, heavy 等）Eg:1.The place is easy to find in the map.2.I find the problem difficult to solve. 3.The book is difficult to understand .4. The water in the riveris unfitto drink.这条河里的水不宜饮用.
25、5. His speech isnt easy to understand.他的演说不易懂得3). 在 tooto do sth 和 enoughto do 句型中,假如主语是“物”而不是“人”,就不定式部分是用主动形式表达的被动含义 .Eg:1.The table is too heavy for meto carry .2.The dress is good enough to wear at the party .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资
26、料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思六. 表示“发生、 进行” 的不及物动词和短语,如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义.Eg： How do the newspapers come out. 这些报纸是如何引出来的了？六、教材中与被动语态相关的一些词组:get dressed穿衣 get hur
27、t 受伤 get lost 迷路 get washed洗脸 get married结婚 be covered with 被掩盖 be made of （由制成） （看得出原材料） be made by （由某人制造）be made from （由制成） （看不出原材料） be made in （由某的制造）be used for （被用于）be used as （被当作使用）be used to do （被用于做 .） it is said that（据说）it is hoped that（期望） It is well known that. 总所周知 .被动语态专项训练一、将以下句子变为被动
28、语态.1. People speak English in many countries.2. We built this bridge last year.3. The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl.4. Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.5. You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.6. They can t mend the bike in that shop. 7.People will never fo
29、rget the accident.8.He didn t buy anything there before he left. 9.They are repairing the car in the garage.10. They have found ways to make waste water clean.11. Someone must take care of the children when we go out.12. They wont hold the meeting until next Friday.13. They gave him a medal for his
30、wonderful work.14. They made the young man head of the volleyball team.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思15. Someone has taken the stranger to another hospital.16. People
31、 will laugh at you if you wear that dress.17. You should take good care of her baby.18. They are making this type of radios in shanghai.19. They had to put off the sports meet because of the rain.20. He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.21. They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.22
32、. He didn t give the dictionary to me yesterday.二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空.请注意时态和语态两个方面 1.Its said据说 that the long bridge（build ）in two months 2. Where to have the meeting（ discuss） now 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. Which language the most widely 4.The lost boy （ not find ） so far（ speak） in the world ？可编辑资料 -
33、- - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. Last year a large number of trees （cut）down 6. The students often tell to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He must send to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits sell in this shop.9. What knives make of .They make of metal 金属 and wood.10. Can the mag
34、azine take out of the library.11. The room clean by me every day.12. The stars can t see ainyttihmeed.13. Some flowers water by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes sell well.15. How long your uncle be in the city.16. The food smell delicious.17. Look. Someone dance.三、按要求改写以下句子,一空一词.1.Is tea grown
35、 in South China ？（改为主动语态） people tea in South China ？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year （同义句转换）A birthday present by my parents every year 3. The work is going to be finished in two days. 对划线提问 How the work going to be finished .4. The children will sing an English song. 改为被动语态
36、 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思An English song by the children.5. You neednt do it now. 改为被动语态It by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. 改为被动语态 Metal maki
37、ng machines.7. He made me do that for him. 改为被动语态I that for him.8. They are watching the football match.The football match by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago. 改为被动语态 a bridge here by them a year ago.10. They have sold out the light green dresses. 改为被动语态The light green dresses out.11.
38、 We call the game“ Lianlian改ka为n 被动”语. 态The game “ Lianliankan” by us.四、依据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词. The new bike（买给我） by my parents as a present last week your mobile phone （是国产的吗）？ The whole mountain is 掩盖 the snow.五、以下各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来.（ 10 分） I have a lot of homework to be done tonight Is your history teach
39、er listened carefully in class ？ Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people The music is sounded beautiful. By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed . 六、挑选题1. a new library in our school last year.A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build 2. An accident on this road last week
40、.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened 3.Cotton （棉花） in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow 4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited 5.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A.
41、is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives 6.How many trees this year.A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been plantedD. planted 7.A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done 8.-When this kind of computers . -Last year.A. d
42、id; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used 9.The Great Wall all over the world.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known 10.Who this book .
43、A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written 11.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us 12.The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump 13.The school bag behind the chair.A. putsB. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put 14.Older people well.A. looks afterB. must be looked afterC