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1、高中英语高考英语名词笔记重点大全单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）1、The country was thrown into by the Presidents sudden death.A. chorusB. chaosC. circleD. claim答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为总统的突然离世，整个国家陷入一片混乱。A. chorus合唱队，歌舞队；B.chaos混乱，混沌；C. circle圆圈，周期；D. claim索要、声明。由语意可知，总统突然离世，造成的后果通常 是国家一时无主，所以陷入混乱之中。应选B项。2、They make to carry brave peopl
2、e into space to find out the secrets of the universe.A. transports. vehicleC. transportationD. vehicles答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人送入太空，探索宇宙的秘密。A. transport运输；B. vehicle车辆,运载工具;C. transportation运输工具。根据to carry brave people into space”可知，他们制造运 载工具将人送入太空。名词vehicle为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。应选D。3、Visitors
3、 are not permitted anything without.A. touching; permitB. to touch; permitionC. to touch; permissionD. touching; allowance答案：C解析：考查固定短语和名词。句意：访客未经允许不得触摸任何东西。第一空，表示“被允许做某事可知，短语为be permitted to do sth.；第二空表示未经允许”，应用名词permission,作介词的宾语。应选C。4、The signing of this agreement will ease the international, wh
4、ich might bring an end to conflicts between30、As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport universityfor his talent.A. requirementB. respectC. additionD. promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A. requirement要求；B. respect尊重；C. addition增加
5、：D. promise希望，可能性。根据句意,此处表达“那个男 孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性。应选D项。31 The managing director of this department took the for the accident, although it was not really hisfault.A. guiltB. responseC. blameD. conservation答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任，尽管这并不是他的错。A.guilt内疚； B.response 答复;C. blame 责任：D. conser
6、vation 节约。根据下文“although it was not really his fault.”可知,这 个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任。take the blame for承当.的责任。应选C项。小提示：32、It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为93级。A. detail细节;B. magnitude震级;C. honour荣誉;D.
7、 marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。33、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.10A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar答案：C解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B. lovely可 爱的；C. pressure压力；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知，应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语,且u
8、nder.pressure是常用词组，表示”承受.压力。应选C项。34、What was the of the football match last night?AC Milan won the game.A. valueB. resultC. choiceD. decision答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一昨晚足球比赛的结果是什么？ 一一AC米兰赢了。A. value价值；B. result结果;C. choice选择;D. decision决定。根据答语AC Milan won the game.”可知此处是在问比赛结果,应选B。35、The lecture Jack Ma
9、made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderfulhe gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.A. associationB. functionC. satisfactionD. impression答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系；B. fu
10、nction功能；C. satisfaction满足;D. impression印象。 根据后文“he gave us a fantastic description of what the future business will be like.（他对未来的商业会是什么样子 做了很好的描述。）”可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我们留下了好的印象。应选36、Jamie deserves the for trying his best to save the drowning boy.A. creditB. blameC. shockD. stress11答案：A解析：考查名词
11、词义辨析。句意：杰米竭尽全力抢救落水男孩，值得赞扬。A. credit赞扬；B. blame责备；C. shock 震惊；D. stress压力。根据后文for trying his根st to save the drowning boy”可知是值得赞扬,应用credit。故 选Ao37、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.A. resentment.form
12、alB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的;B pany同伴，former前者（的）；C.hatred 憎恨,formal 正式的;D .virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选“同伴；根据the latter可知，第二空将
13、前者和后者进行 比照，所以选前者，应选38、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversi ly in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A. fortuneB. hardshipsC. prideD. kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称 呼她。A. fortune 运气;B
14、. hardships 逆境,艰难;C. pride 自豪;D. kindness 善行。根据后文“she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults”可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线词所12 指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。39、Mr. Wang was a man of before he turned.A. success, a writerB. a success, writerC. success, writerD. a success, a money答案
15、：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：王先生在成为作家之前是个成功人士。success成功，不可数名词。假设作可数名词，抽 象名词具体化，表示“一个成功的人或事情”。此处前面已经有a,故of后面不用冠词a。a man of success一个 成功的人。turn为系动词，后面接名词作表语，turn writer成为作家，不用冠词，表示概念。应选C项。40、A poor economy has caused the of thousands of small businesses.A. complexityB. collapseC. convenienceD. correction答案：B解析：考查名词
16、词义辨析。句意:经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性;B. collapse倒闭：C. convenience方便；D. correction改正。根据上文“A poor economy has caused”指经济不景气导致小企业倒闭, 应用collapset,应选Bo41 We can see monuments here and there. Those who have made great to human beings and society willnever be forgotten.A. conclusionsB. attractionsC.
17、contributionsD. achievements答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以看到到处都是纪念碑。那些对人类和社会做出过重大贡献的人将永远不会被忘记。A.conclusions 结论；B.attractions 吸引力；contributions 贡献；D.achievements 成就。结合句意, 13此处是短语：make great contributions to意为“对 做出重大贡献”。应选C。42、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A. mapB. advertiseC. informa
18、tionD. advertisement答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. m叩地图；B. advertise登广告；C.information信息;D. advertisement广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians”可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 乐家，不定冠词an后需接名词advertisemento应选D。43、Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A. me
19、dicalB. visualC. firstD. band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的;B. visual视觉的;C. first第一的;D. band乐队。根据Primary school teachers 可知，小学老师需要使 用视觉教具。应选B。44、During the department stores annual autumn, all clothing will be half price.A. engagementB. promotionC. interaction答案：B解析
20、：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间，所有的衣服都是半价。A. engagement约定;promotion促销活动；C. interaction互动。根据后文“all clothing will be half price.可知，因为所有的衣服半价 销售，所有此处指百货公司在促销。应选B。45、Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunch break to finish homework.14A. scheduleB.
21、investigationC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A. schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression 印象。根据heavy workload of Grade 12”可知,高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。46、 Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees, a great many answered t
22、he call.A. ancestorsB. applicantsC. operatorsD. boarders答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：读了招聘合格员工的广告后，很多求职者都应征了。A. ancestors祖先；B.applicants 申请人,求职者;C. operators 操作员;D. boarders 寄宿者。根据上文“Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees”可知此处指求职者应征,应用applicants。应选B。47、 I havent seen Sarah since she was a li
23、ttle girl and she has changed beyond.A. generationB. recognitionC. investigationD. graduation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从萨拉小时候就没见过她了，她已经变得认不出来了。A.generation 一代（人）； B.recognition 认出，识别：investigation 调查；D.graduation 毕业。havent seen Sarah since she was a little girl”可知，此处是指她已经变了许多，让人认不出来了。应选B。48、We should resp
24、ect the peoples religious.A. blossomB. beliefC. poetD. award答案：B15解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该尊重人民的宗教信仰。A. blossom花朵；B. belief信仰；C. poet诗人；D. award奖励。由religious可知，此处指宗教信仰。应选B项。49、Linda gave us a vivid of her trip to Mount Lushan after her return.A. directionB. explanationC. imaginationD. account答案：D解析：考查名词词义
25、辨析。句意：琳达回来后给我们生动地描述了她的庐山之行。A.direction方向；B.explanation解 释；C.imagination想象力;D.account描述。由of her trip to Mount Lushan”可知,句子表示“琳达回来后给我们 生动地描述了她的庐山之行，空格处是“描述，应选D。50、The company presented him with a gold watch in of his 20 years of good service.A. achievementB. appreciationC. attentionD. agreement答案：B解析：
26、考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。Achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.attention注意;D.agreement同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年,给他一块表以示 感谢。应选B。51、From my hotel room window, I could see a large board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.A. amusementB. advertisementC. manuscriptD. assignment答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意
27、：透过酒店房间的窗户，我可以看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌:杰森，大魔术师。A.amusement 有趣：B.advertisement:广告；C. manuscript 手稿：D. assignment 任务。根据下文“with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.”可知,看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌。应选B项。16小提示:52、At present, the plays an important role in the citys transportation system.A. hikeB. fitnessC. subwayD. stress
28、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，地铁在城市交通系统中扮演着重要的角色。A. hike徒步旅行；B. fitness健 康；C. subway地铁；D. stress压力。根据常识可知，地铁属于城市交通系统的一局部。应选C。53、The of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it.A. titleB. homeworkC. houseworkD. panic答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一篇文章的标题可以给读者提供有关文章主旨的重要信息。A. title标题：B
29、.homework家庭作业;C. housework家务;D. panic惊恐。根据the main idea ”可知，此处表示文章的标题。故 选Ao54、“The next station is Bank!” comes the. Thats my destination.A. movements. announcementC. techniqueD. documentary答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：广播传来“下一站是银行站I”。那是我的目的地。A.movement运动，活动；B.announcement 公告，通告，广播;C.technique 技术;D.documentary
30、 记录电影节目。The next station is Bank!可知这是广播的通知。应选B项。55、The earth is the planet provides us with everything we needjresh air,clean water,s。its our duty toprotect it.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which17答案：A解析：考查定语从句。句意：地球是提供我们需要的一切一一新鲜的空气，干净的水一一的星球，所以保护它是我们 的责任。分析句子结构可知，planet为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中做主语，
31、可用 which或者that,根据所给选择项，应选A项。56、While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctantto give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflicts, apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiority答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上
32、，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对.作出回应，conflict冲突，矛盾；B. apply to 把.应用到.，把.施加到.，criticism 批评；C. react to 对.作出反映,threat 威胁;D. reply to M作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of 和第二句话中的give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评(criticism)”。 所以应该选B。
33、apply sth. to sb.意为将 应用到，将 施加到 该处指apply the cold wind of criticismto others(将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人)。应选B。57、The official is preparing documents for a four-nation regional meeting on elephant.A. constitutionB. affectionC. conservationD. production答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。A. constitu
34、tion构成, 组成；B. affection喜爱;C. conservation保护；D. production生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。应选C。1858、The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa.A. declarationB. gravityC. procedureD. porcelain答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员坚持说，迈克尔在申请签证时没有按照正确的程序。A. declaration宣布;gravity重力;C. procedure程
35、序；D. porcelain瓷器。根据applying for a visa”可知,签证要按照程序申请。应选Co59、The Chinese volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirationB. expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国排球队赢得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感；B. expectations期望;预料;C. invitations邀请；
36、D. cooperation合作。根据句意可知,中国排球队赢得世界杯的 胜利，所以这出乎我们的意料,beyond ones expectation表示“超出某人的预料”,应选B。60、Its wrong for someone in such a high in the government to behave too badly in public.A. situationB. employmentC. professionD. position答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在政府中处于如此高位的人在公共场合表现得太糟糕是错误的。A. situation形势;employment 雇
37、佣；C. profession 职业,专业；D. position 位置。根据空后in the government to behave too badly in public.可知，空处需用名词position,表示在政府中处于如此高位的人在公众场合表现糟糕是错误的。 应选Do61、In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundings19countries.A. tensionB. regulationC. processD. affection答案
38、：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将缓解国际紧张局势，这可能会结束国家之间的冲突。A. tension 紧张；B. regulation 规那么；C. process 过程；D. affection 喜欢。根据下文which might bring an end to conflicts between countries”可.知，此处表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。应选A。5、Due the widespread of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at anearly s
39、tage.A. approvals. applicationC. approachD. appreciation答案:B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这种医疗科技的广泛应用，更多的疾病可以在早期被发现和治疗。A. approval 赞成，同意；B. application申请,应用;C. approach方式,方法;D. appreciation欣赏。由于医疗科技广泛应 用，疾病才可能在早期被发现和治疗，空处应用名词application,表示“应用。应选B项。6、 In the past few years, wezve seen works by Chinese sci-fi writ
40、ers winning international.A. considerationB. standardC. rewardD. recognition答案:C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我们看到中国科幻作家的作品赢得了国际奖项。A. consideration 考虑；B. standard标准；C. reward奖励，奖项；D.recognition识别。由语意可知作品赢得了国际奖项。应选C 项。7、You must read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB.
41、introductionsC. constrictionsD. instructions2C. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding周围的，是形容 词，surroundings环境是名词，形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundin
42、gs作介词宾语,应选B。62、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to Chinas food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B. cuisine风味；C. security平安：D. purchase采购。由语意可知，
43、袁隆平生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。63、The royal family has announced that the of the new baby is female.A. weightB. issueC. gender答案：C解析：考查名词。句意:皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。A.weight重量；B.issue问题：C.gender性别。根据空格后 female”可知，空格处指性别。应选C。64、We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A.
44、 confidences. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D20解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。根据后文“for she had to bring up the children on her own （因为她必须单独抚养孩子）”可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D.65、Nowadays, food safety has become the of the government as well as t
45、he society.A. advantages. focusC. companyD. anger答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品平安以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A. advantage优点；B. focus焦 点；C. company公司，陪伴；D. anger愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品平安，应选B项。66、My brother is a policeman.划线成分是A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意:我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，my brother”为主语,is为系动词，a policeman”在系 动词后作表语。应选D。67 Th
46、e police ordered him not to leave the city without.A. atmosphereB. baconC. curiosityD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B.bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知,此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城 市，permission符合句意。应选D项。2168、Anyway, whether they like it or not,
47、they do give people a very good.A. impressionB. impressC. impressiveD. impressed答案：A解析：考查名词。句意:不管怎样,不管他们喜欢与否，他们确实给人们一个很好的印象。Aimpression印象: B.impress留下深刻印象;C.impressive令人印象深刻的；D.impressed印象深刻的。a very good”后跟名词的单 数形式，因此空格处是“impression,应选A。69、The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for w
48、hich he showed a particular.A. grew; preferences, was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案:D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略，所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好，偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference 现出偏爱）。根据The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music”可知，