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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、Our class held a fierce as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not.A. bargainB. contestC. debateD. campaign答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们班就是否减少家庭作业进行了激烈的辩论。A. bargain减价品，廉价货；B.contest比赛，竞赛；C.debate辩论,讨论；D.campaign（有计划的）活动，运动。根据主语为Our class（我们班）” 以及后文“whether t
2、o reduce the amount of homework or not（是否要减少作业量）可知，此处应是一场班级内部 的辩论。应选C项。2、progress he has made since he came to this language school!A. What muchB. How muchC. What a greatD. How great答案：A解析：考查感叹句。句意：自从他来到这所语言学校以来，他取得了多大的进步啊！分析句子结构可知，此处为感 叹句，句型为：what+a/an+adj.+n.+S+V!,排除B项和D项；此处修饰的名词progress是不可数名词，不用
3、冠词a限定，排除C项。应选A。3、We all know that a good sleeping bag is a necessary part of every campers.A. experiments. entertainmentC. equipmentD. settlement答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道一个好的睡袋是每个露营者必备的装备。A.experiment实验；B.entertainment娱乐；C.equipment装备；D.settlement定居点。睡袋对露营者来说是一件装备，因此空格处是 equipment, 应选 C。小提示:30 It is
4、said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B. magnitude震级；C. honour荣誉；D.marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。31、 J.K. Rowling, the of Harry Potter, has gone through many difficulties in her
5、writing.A. carB. hintC. posterD. author答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利波特的作者JK罗琳在写作中经历了许多困难。A.car汽车；B.hint暗示;C.poster海报；D. author作者。根据句意和常识可知，JK Rowling是哈利波特的作者，用名词author, 意为作者。应选D项。32、 Anyone cant leave school without the head teachers.A. permissionB. permitC. possibilityD. prediction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有校长的允
6、许，任何人都不能离开学校。A.permission允许；B.permit许可证；C.possibility可能性；D.prediction预测。without ones permission未经许可为固定短语,符合句意。应选A项。33、I missed the first of the play.A. sceneB. novelC. envelopeD. patience答案：A10解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我错过了这出戏的第一幕。A.scene场景；B.novel小说；C.envelope信封； D.patience耐心。根据of the play可知，此处指的是戏剧的第一幕,应选A。
7、小提示：34、 I wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给他写了一封信，对他的体贴关怀表示感谢。A. achievement成就；B.agreement同意；C. attention注意力；D. appreciation感谢。结合句意可知，此处是表达对别人体贴的感激， 用appreciation符合题意。应选Do35、Be as careful of the books you re
8、ad, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者（书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的;B pany同伴，former前者（的）；C.hatr
9、ed 憎恨,formal 正式的；D. virtue 美德,former 前者（的）。根据Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选同伴；根据the latter可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照，所以选前者,应选B。36、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义
10、词或英文解释）11A. fortuneB. hardshipsC. prideD. kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称 呼她。A. fortune运气；B.hardships逆境,艰难；C.pride自豪；D.kindness善行。根据后文“she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的,所以划线词所 指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。37、 The ag
11、e of the students ranged from 17 to 21 with a (n)of 19.A. averageB. usualC. normalD. regular答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生的年龄从17岁到21岁不等，平均年龄为19岁。A. average平均；B.usual通 常;C. normal正常；D.regular常客,主力。结合from 17 to 21可知，此处指平均年龄是19岁，应选A项。38、He is a wonderful of mine and we can talk for hours on end.A. componentB. c
12、ommitteeC. communityD. companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成局部；B.committee 委员会；C. community 社区;D. companion 同伴。根据前文He及后文we can talk for hours on end” 可知，此处指同伴；伙伴。应选D项。39、You should have asked for your parentsbefore you go out for a whole night.A. permissionB. excitementC. a
13、dmissionD. encouragement答案：A12解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你出去整晚之前应该征得你父母的许可。A. permission许可；B. excitement激动；C. admission 成认；D. encouragement 鼓励。根据空后 before you go out for a whole night.可知,因为要外出 待一整晚，所以空处需用名词permission,表示获得父母的许可。应选A。40、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A. mapB. advertiseC. in
14、formationD. advertisement答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C. information信息;D. advertisement广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians”可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 乐家，不定冠词an后需接名词advertisemento应选D。41、Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easie
15、r.A. medicalB. visualC. firstD. band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的;B. visual视觉的；C.first第一的；D.band乐队。根据Primary school teachers 可知，小学老师需要使 用视觉教具。应选B。42 Whafs the common of dealing with youth crime in your area?Generally, education comes first.A. processB. procedureC.
16、performanceD. practice答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一在你们那里处理青少年犯罪的通常的做法是什么？一一通常，教育为先。13process过程；procedure程序,步骤;performance表现；practice惯常做的事,习惯,习俗，通常的做法。根据下文education comes first”可知，此处询问处理青少年犯罪的通常的做法。应选D。43、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without, must carry their ID card and show their h
17、ealth QR code before entering the hospital.A. permissionB. effortC. exceptionD. access答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身 份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可；B. effort努力;C.exception例外;D.access通道。根据句意和句 中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外，exception意为例外， 名词词性，without exc
18、eption意为无一例外。应选C项。44 If the temperature is below 0 C, water will turn into in the open air.A. iceB. steamC. fogD. rain答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果温度低于。摄氏度，水在户外就会结冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸气；C.fog雾; D. rain雨。根据常识可知，在户外，气温低于。度，水就会结冰。应选A。45、 How to raise the awareness of environmental protection has become one of th
19、e most important to bediscussed next meeting.A. errorsB. performancesC. issuesD. behaviors答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如何提高环保意识已成为下次会议要讨论的最重要的问题之一。A. errors错误；B. performances 表演；C. issues 问题，重要议题;D. behaviors 行为。根据句意和句中How to raise the awareness14 of environmental protection可知，如何提高环保意识应该是会议上要讨论的问题，issue意为问题，重
20、要 议题，符合语境，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为最之一，故空格处用issue的复数形 式issues”。应选C项。46 Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A. attempts. stuffC. depthD. disaster答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B.stuff材料；C.depth深度；D.disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示力图、试
21、图符合句意。应选A项。47 The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased of andsupport for teaching among the public and nation.A. realizationB. professionC. recognitionD. acquisition答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。A.realization实现；B.profession
22、专业；C.recognition成认，认可;D.acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得。根据are willing to 可知，人们愿意说明大家认可。应选C。of his 20 years of good service.48、The company presented him with a gold watch inA. achievementB. appreciationC. attentionD. agreement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。Achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.attentio
23、n注意；D.agreement同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年，给他一块表以示感谢。应选B。1549、 From my hotel room window, I could see a large board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.A. amusementB. advertisementC. manuscriptD. assignment答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过酒店房间的窗户，我可以看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌:杰森，大魔术师。A.amusement 有趣；B.advertisement 广告；C. m
24、anuscript 手稿；D. assignment 任务。 根据下文“with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.”可知，看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌。应选B项。小提示：50、The English teacher asked the students to give a of the text.A. balletB. seniorC. generationD. summary答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语老师耍求学生们给出课文概要。A. ballet芭蕾舞；B. senior较年长的人；C.generation 代人；D. su
25、mmary 概要。 由上下文“The English teacher asked the students to give a of thetext.可知，老师要求学生给出课文的摘要，应选D。51 A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings.A. dolphinB. dinosaurC. posterD. insect答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海 豚；B.din
26、osaur恐龙；C.poster海报；D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知，这是一种昆虫。应选D。52、Jerry has been preparing carefully for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his firstA. rescueB. attemptC. purposeD. request16答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备，以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue 营救;B:attempt尝试;C:purpose目的;D:r
27、equest要求.固定句式at ones first attempt在某人第一次尝试时,结合 句意，应选BoJenny said that she had never thought in her life that she would ever sing .But now , singing in the choir provides from what she calls the gray days.A. realityB. reliefC. missionD. fault答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的 “灰暗日
28、子。A.reality现实；B.relief减轻，解除；emission任务；D.fault错误。根据句意以及But now可知， 但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的灰暗日子。应选B项。54、The earth is the planet provides us with everything we need,fresh air,clean water,so its our duty toprotect it.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which答案：A解析：考查定语从句。句意：地球是提供我们需要的一切一一新鲜的空气，干净的水一一的星球，所以保护它是我们 的责
29、任。分析句子结构可知，planet为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中做主语，可用 which或者that,根据所给选择项，应选A项。55、Born a poor family, Abraham Lincoln fought his way to the top and became the United States1611 President and one of the greatest in American history.17A. of.shapesB. on.statuesC. into.figuresD. with.images答案：C解析：考查动词短语和可数名词
30、复数。句意：亚伯拉罕林肯出生在一个贫穷的家庭，他一路奋斗到顶峰，成为美国 第16任总统，也是美国历史上最伟大的人物之一。第一空涉及born的短语搭配，born of源于，出生于， born on出生于（时间）、bom into”出身于（家庭）、born with与生俱来，根据句意，第一空应填介词 into；第二空，shapes形状，statues雕塑，figures知名人物，images图像,又根据句意,空处是指林肯 是美国历史上最伟大人物之一，表示人物，应用名词figure表示。应选C项。184、The top leaders of the two countries are holding
31、 talks in a friendly.A. atmosphereB. adventureC. astronomyD. agriculture答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个国家的领导人在友好的气氛中进行了会谈。A. atmosphere气氛；B. adventure 冒险；C. astronomy天文学；D.agriculture农业。在句中构建的情境下，显然只有用atmosphere表示“（友好 的）气氛是合理的。应选A项。5、Please mind your in public.A. behaviorB. reflectionC. creativityD. sculpture
32、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在公共场合请注意你的举止。A. behavior行为，举止；B. reflection深思；C.creativity创造力；D. sculpture雕塑。由空后in public和句意可知,此处需用名词behavior,表示在公共场合 注意举止。应选A。6、 Id love to, but I have a（an）with my doctor.A. appointmentB. certificateC. sympathyD. basement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很想去，但是我和我的医生有约。A. appointment约会；预约；B.c
33、ertificate证 明;证明书;C.sympathy同情;D.basement地下室。根据后文“my doctor（我的医生）可知,“我应是与医生 约好了。have an appointment with sb.，固定短语，“与某人有约定（预约）应选A项。7、 Disneyland offer people many forms of.A. enduranceB. emotionsC. entertainmentsD. equations答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼乐园为人们提供多种娱乐形式。A. endurance忍耐力；持久力；B. emotions 情感；C. ent
34、ertainments 娱乐；D. equations 方程式。根据上文“Disneyland offer people many forms of”可知迪士 尼乐园提供的是娱乐形式。应选C。8、While girls in general lack, boys often overestimate their abilities.A. confidences. challengeC. impressionD. intelligence答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：女孩通常缺乏自信，而男孩往往高估自己的能力。A. confidence自信；B. challenge 挑战；C. impr
35、ession 印象;D. intelligence 智力。根据While和“boys often overestimate their abilities.”可知，男 孩和女孩进行比照，女孩缺乏自信。应选A。9、There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.A. contents. contrastC. contractD. contact答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。A.content内容；B. contrast差异，比照； C.contract合同；D.contact联系。
36、根据the West and East.可知，东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。应选B 项。小提示：10、 He fought against the illness with courage and.A. floodB. visaC. plateD. determination答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以勇气和决心与疾病作斗争。A. flood洪水；B. visa签证；C. plate盘子；D. determination决心。根据常识判断可知，和疾病作斗争需要决心和勇气。应选D。11、 There are many in your homework, so youd bette
37、r correct them before you hand it in .A. baseB. errorsC. behaviourD. bad答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的作业中有很多错误，所以你最好在交上来之前改正。A. base根基，基础；B. errors错误；C.behaviour行为；D. bad坏人，坏事。根据so yoifd better correct them ”可知，作业中有错误。 应选Bo12 I am impressed with Chinas to its climate goals, evidenced by the fact we are sure
38、of that China hasmet its 2020 targets three years ahead of schedule.A. evolutionB. innovationC. commitmentD. qualification答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国对其气候目标的承诺给我留下了深刻印象，我们确信中国提前三年实现了2020 年的目标。A.evolution 进化；B.innovation 创新；C mitment 承诺；D.qualification 资格。由“to its climate goals可知，句子表示中国对其气候目标的承诺，因此空格处是承诺，应选
39、C。13、 He received an for the role he played.A. awardB. permissionC. strengthD. debt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因所扮演的角色而获奖。A.award奖;B.permission许可;C.strength优点;D.debt债。根据for the role he played.可知，他因角色获奖了，应选A。小提示:14、 Some cyclists make the that traffic laws do not them. It is not true, though.A. assumption; a
40、pply toB. thought; apply toC. assuming; apply forD. idea; apply for答案：A解析：考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非如此。A.assumption 认为；apply to 适用;B. thought 想法;apply to 适用；C. assuming 认为（动名词）；apply for 申请；D. idea想法；apply for申请。根据句意,第一空应填名词assumption认为作宾语，that引导的同位语从 句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示适用为固定短语apply to。应
41、选A。15 They were all brave enough to take up arms in of their country.A. conflictB. defenceC. contentD. represent答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都勇敢地拿起武器保卫自己的国家。A. conflict冲突；B. defence保卫；C.content内容；D.represent代表，动词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语in defence of,表示“保卫, 应选Bo16 It was to be invited here today.A. great honourB.
42、 honouringC. a great honourD. honoured答案：c解析：考查名词的数。句意：今天被邀请到这里来是极大的荣幸。分析句子结构可知，这是固定句型ltis/was+名词/ 形容词+动词不定式，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to be invited here,抽象名词honour意为荣幸， 表示具体的事物时候，是可数名词，前面可以用a/an修饰，根据great首字母是辅音音素，因此，应该用a5修饰,即a great honour。应选C项。17 I failed in my to persuade her to go with me.A. attemptB. at
43、tackC. thrillD. border答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图说服她和我一起去，但失败了。A. attempt试图；B.attack攻击；C. thrill激 动；D.border边界。in ones attempt to do sth.试图做某事。根据I failed”可知，是试图说服，但失败。应选A。18 What a! I wasn/t expecting to see you here.A. classicB. characteristicC. certificateD. coincidence答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊!我没想到会在这里见到
44、你。A. classic经典，典范；B. characteristic特色；C. certificate 证书；D. coincidence 巧合。根据后文“I wasnt expecting to see you here.可知遇见是巧合，应用 coincidenceo 应选 Do19、 In the process of getting rid of racial, the USA is left far behind.A. discriminationB. compromiseC. substituteD. investigation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的
45、过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。Adscrimination歧视；B promise 妥协；C.substitute 代替；D.investigation 调查。根据空前的getting rid of racial”可知，此处指摆 脱种族歧视，应选A项。20、 To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their and weaknesses.A. strengthsB. benefitsC. valuesD. manners答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让团队成员表现得
46、更好，教练首先必须知道他们的长处和缺点。A. strengths 优点；B. benefits利益；C.values价值；D.manners礼貌。根据后文“and weaknesses可知指优点、长处和缺 点，应用strengths。应选A。21 It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at regular.A. gapsB. lengthC. intervalsD. distance答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为一本好词典应该定期增加新内容。A. gaps隔
47、阂，代沟；B. length长 度；C. intervals间隔,间歇；D.distance距离。结合句意表达“定期用at regula门ntervals。应选C。22、Now the leadership wants to look forward, and to develop a for the rest of the century.A. concernB. signalC. strategyD. accident答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在领导层想要展望未来，为本世纪余下的时间制定策略。concern担忧，关心； signal信号，预兆；strategy策略；accident意外事故。根据上文的look forward展望可推断，领导层想要展 望未来，制定策略。应选C。23 Due to widespread of 5G technology, more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried out acrosslong distances.A. occupations. applicationC. qualificationD. composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为5G技术的广泛运用，更多的远程外科手术就有了跨长距离实施的可能了。A.7occ