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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点带答案单项选择题(精选试题-名师出品)1、 Mr. Moses was once the head of World Architectural Association(WAA), yet he is now nothing more than a *A. retired anthropologistB. retiring anthropologyC. retired architectD. retiring architectureThey are building the bridge in with another company.A. construc
2、tionB. comparisonC. contrastD. association3、Lily hoped she would pass her driving test at the first.A. attackB. actionC. attemptD. affectionWith top class home theatre, you can watch the latest movies in the of your own home.A. expectations. limitationC. appointmentD. comfortEveryone has the right t
3、o be treated with.A. replyB. reviewC. respectD. range6、Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, and acceptance.A. rejections. equationC. impressionD. companionshipis very important in our everyday life.A. GreetB. GreetingC. GreetingsD. Greets8、H
4、ere is a memo for your when you answer the phones.A. consultantB. recommendationC. recognitionD. reference9、 What/s the matter? Hes been walking around with.He failed the examination.考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴旺国家和开展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自然资源。A. inspection检查；B. exploitation利用,开发;C.contradiction矛盾;D.exception
5、例外。根据语境和 后文“of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost”可知，此处指自然资源的开发。应选 B 项。16、答案：A解析: 考查连词和名词短语辨析。句意：既然他有一大笔钱，他可以买任何他想要的东西。A. Now that; a large amount of 既然,大量；B. Now that; a large number of 既然,很多；C. Due to; a large amount of 由于,大量；D. Due to; a large number of由于，很多。第一空，now that是
6、连词，表示“既然，due to是介词短语，表示“由 于，分析句子，空处引导原因状语从句，应用now that引导从句；第二空，a large number of表示很多”， 修饰可数名词的复数形式，a large amount of表示大量，修饰不可数名词，money是不可数名词，空处应用 短语 a large amount of。应选 A 项。17、答案：D解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幕布升起之前，演员们在舞台上就位。A.sigh叹气；B.lawyer律师；C.daydream白 日梦；D.curtain幕布。由the actors took their places on stage可
7、知，句子表示幕布升起之前,演员们在舞台上 就座,因此空格处是幕布，即curtain。应选D。18、答案：C解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：张桂梅对教育事业的无私奉献是众所周知的，她的所有学生都尊敬爱戴她。A.fault过错；B. complexity难题；C. devotion奉献；D. agony极大的痛苦。根据句中的selfless（无私的）可知, “devotion（奉献）”符合句意。应选C。19、答案：A解析: 考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：在你去纽约的路上，威廉将会陪着你如果你不想太孤单的话。A.company陪伴；B. companion同伴；C.safety平安；D.frie
8、nd朋友。根据句意可知，固定搭配keep ones10company意为陪伴某人最合适。应选A。20、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎拉脸上的表情告诉我她生气了。A.confidence信心；B.expression表情；C.appearance外貌；D.impression印象。根据told me that she got annoyed”可知，此处是指脸上的表情。应选 Bo21、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。A.liberty自由；B. division分开、分配；C.appointment 约定；D.foundation 建立。根据上文
9、“The organization has grown enormously（这个组织开展迅速）” 可知，该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。应选D。22、答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：别担忧。流感是这个季节的常见病。吃了这药，你的体温很快就会恢复 正常。normal正常的；common常见的；general 一般的；ordinary普通的。根据句意，第一空格意义为“常见 的，用形容词形式修饰后面名词,作前置定语,common disease常见病；第二空格为正常，return to normal恢复正常，强调人体体温正常，此处normal作名词。应选B项。23、答案：B解析：
10、考查名词。句意：该公司饲养了 200头牛以获取肉或奶。表示牲畜的头数，用单位词head,单复数同形， cattle牛是集体名词,单复数同形,200 head of cattle表示“200头牛。应选B。24、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。A. collection聚集；B.11 orientation 方向； 信仰；C. inspiration 灵感；D. resource 资源。根据and ninety-nine percent perspiration,可矢口, 天才需要灵感，但更多的是汗水。应选C。25、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。
11、句意：这块布有蓝白方格的图案，非常漂亮。A. painting绘画；B.pattern模式，图案；C. sample样品；D.model模范。根据后文“of blue and white squares指布有蓝白方格的图案,应用pattern。应选 Bo26、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是多年前修建的圣保罗大教堂。A.impression 印象;B. panic 恐慌；C. resource 资源；D. impact 影响。根据句中the trip to London和“St. Pauls Cathedral可知，句中陈述的是圣保罗大教堂是伦敦之行中
12、，给我留下最深刻印象的景点，impression意为 印象，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。27、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption 消耗；B. collection 收藏品；C. commitment 承诺；D. distribution 分配。根据上文“To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消 耗的节能措施，来对抗全球
13、变暖，应用consumption。应选A。28、答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：为了保卫祖国，许多人献出了生命。固定短语in defence of保护，为了保卫，后常接名词 作宾语。应选C项。29、答案：B12解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道在中国引起人们关注的体育赛事。A.accident意外、意外事故；B.event 大事、公开活动、比赛工程；C.incident事故、事件；D.occasion场合。分析句子可知，本句所谈到的是体育 赛事、体育活动，应选B。30、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们希望家长和学校之间的合作更加紧密。A. evolution进化；B. coorp
14、eration合作; C. expectation 期望；D. rejection 拒绝。根据 closer 和 between parents and schools 可知，此处表示希望家长和 学校紧密合作。应选B。31、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:太遗憾了，她的建议遭到反对。A.rejection反对；B.expectation期待； Cdistinction差另I；D.cooperation合作。根据Its a pity that 可知建议遭到反对。应选A。32、答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我想买一件珠宝作为我妹妹的生日礼物。jewel指宝石，珍宝，一般指的仅仅是宝石； je
15、wellery珠宝首饰，侧重指首饰,为不可数名词，表示“一件珠宝应用a piece of jewellery。应选D。33、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不吸烟的人比吸烟的人患肺癌的可能性小。A. potential可能性；潜在性；B. cause 原因；C. hope希望；D. choice选择。结合语境可知，句中将不吸烟的人与吸烟的人在患肺癌方面的可能 性（大小）方面进行了比拟。have potential of doing sth，固定短语，意为有做某事的可能性，符合语境搭 配。应选A项。34、答案：B13解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们当然需要掌握演奏乐器的基本知识，但学会
16、合作需要理解这些角色是如何协 同工作的。A. stability坚定；B. grasp掌握、领会;C.acknowledgement成认；D.manner举止。根据空后的“of the fundamentals of playing their instruments”可矢口止匕处用 a grasp of 表示“掌握，应选 B。35、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：动物园的工作人员说，他们希望这个工程能为未来的动物保护工作筹集资金。A.conservation 保护；B.contribution 贡献；C.consumption 1肖耗；D.conclusion ,总结。由raise m
17、oney for futurework of animals可知，句子表示“他们希望这个工程能为未来的动物保护工作筹集资金，因此空格 处是保护，即conservation,应选A。36、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细的调查，飓风对这所房子的破坏，与邻近的房子相比并不严重，估计为1000 美元。A. effects 影响；B. damage 损害、损坏；C. ruins 废墟；D. crash 撞车。根据was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars可知此处在评估飓风对这所房子的破坏程度，应选B。37、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不需
18、要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了。A.entertainment娱乐；B.announcement 公告；C.equipment 设备；D.disappointment 失望。由“Just a pair of good running shoes will do 可知，句子说不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了，因此空格处是设备，即equipment,应选 Co38、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。A.content内容；B. contrast差异，比照；14C.contract合同；D.contact联系。根据the West and Eas
19、t.可知，东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。应选B 项。小提示：39、答案：C解析：考查名词所有格。句意：小女孩的卧室里有一张漂亮的照片。她非常喜欢它。根据句意和空格后bedroom可 知，空格处应用名词所有格，表示小女孩的卧室，根据句中She可知，句中指一个小女孩，故排除B和D, 单数名词的所有格直接在名词后加勺，故空格处应填giiTs，意为女孩的。应选C项。40、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，系 统；B. priorities 优先事项；C. barriers 障碍;D. benefits 好处。根据Mu
20、sic should be taught on a regular basis in schools推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应选D。小提示：41、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到一群麻雀，爸爸说它们广泛分布在全国各地。A. distribution分布，分发;possession 拥有,持有；C. profession 职业;D. platform 平台。结合空后的“throughout the country可知，此 处指它们分布在全国各地。应选A项。42、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她尽量不偏袒她照顾的孩子。A.qualification资格；B.pr
21、eference偏爱；C.expectation期盼；D.blame责备。根据句意，此处表示对于她照顾的孩子她没有显示出偏爱。选项B符合题意,应选B。1543、答案：A解析：考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非如此。A.assumption 认为；apply to 适用；B. thought 想法;apply to 适用；C. assuming 认为（动名词）；apply for 申请；D. idea想法；apply for申请。根据句意，第一空应填名词assumption认为作宾语，that引导的同位语从 句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示适用为固
22、定短语apply to。应选A。44、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过灵魂之窗的眼睛，我只能通过指尖看至上一张脸的轮廓。A.criticism批评；B. outline轮廓；C.gentleness温柔；D. pace节奏。分析句意可知,此空意为“轮廓,名词outline意为轮廓， see为及物动词，后接名词outline作宾语。应选B项。45、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。-thought思考；Bo strengths 力量；C.protection 保护；D.authority 权威。根据There is no need
23、to tell me your answer now”可知， 现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。应选A项。46、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可能会在高中生活中遇到挑战，但我们永远不会放弃。A. descriptions描述；moments 片亥U； C. challenges 挑战；D. exchanges 交换。根据句意和句中“we will never give up可知，我们应 该是遇到挑战,但不放弃，challenge意为挑战，名词词性，challenges为其复数形式，在句中作宾语。 应选C项。47、答案：A解析:16 考查名词辨析。句意:求职可能是一个
24、漫长而又艰难的历程。A. process过程；B. benefit益处；C.position位置；D. climate气候。根据Applying for* jobs”可知,求职是一个过程,应选A。48、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人送入太空，探索宇宙的秘密。A. transport运输；B. vehicle车辆，运载工具;C. transportation运输工具。根据to carry brave people into space可知,他们制造运 载工具将人送入太空。名词vehicle为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。应选D。49、答案：C解析：考查名
25、词词义辨析。句意：当发动机发动不起来时，技工检查了所有的部件以找出毛病所在。A. wrong坏事; B. trouble麻烦；C.fault故障；D. difficulty困难。由语意可知，发动机无法起动时，必定是机器出故障了。固 定短语at fault译为：出毛病，出故障。应选C。50、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一你在英国逗留期间印象最深的是什么？一一女王访问我们学校时，我有幸见到 了她。A.treaty 条约;B. privilege 特权,荣幸;C. inspiration 灵感；D. exploration 探测。have the privilege of doing s
26、th 很荣幸做某事是固定短语。应选B项。51、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这种医疗科技的广泛应用，更多的疾病可以在早期被发现和治疗。A. approval 赞成，同意；B. application申请，应用；C.approach方式，方法；D. appreciation欣赏。由于医疗科技广泛应 用，疾病才可能在早期被发现和治疗，空处应用名词application,表示应用。应选B项。52、答案：D解析:17 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一莉莉，为什么不和我们一起露营呢？一谢谢，杰克。这是一个很好的提议，但 我必须完成我的任务。A.decision决定;B.promise允诺;C.ch
27、oice选择；D.offer提议。根据上文“Lily, why dont join us for camping?”,可知这时一个提议，应选 Do53、答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，然后服用正确的剂量。A. explanations解释；B. introductions 介绍；C. constrictions 压缩；D. instructions 说明。根据句中“take the right amount of medicine”可 推知，要读的是用药说明，instructions常用复数形式，表示说明，说明书，符合句意。应选D项。54、答案：D解析：考查名
28、词与介词的搭配。句意：有时候，强烈渴望得到别人的关注可能说明你缺乏自信。A.passion for对 的强烈爱好,adjustment to 对 的调整；B.devotion to 致力于,compassion in 对 的同情;C. fascination with对的迷恋,approach to做的方法；D.desire for对的强烈渴望,lack of缺乏。根据语境和常识， 只有D项逻辑关系通顺，即：渴望被别人关注是一个人缺乏自信的表现，应选D。55、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺里斯在比赛的前几轮中两次击倒了对手。A. opponent对手；B.asteroid海星；C.
29、nephew侄子；D.triathlete三项全能运发动。根据语境，诺里斯两次击倒的应该是自己的对手，opponent表 示，对手符合语意。应选a项。18A. a long faceB. a wide faceC. a straight faceD. a good faceWe will explore a different to gathering information.A. adventureB. approachC. advanceD. addition11 Norman Bethune is one of in China, but he wasn/t Chinese he was
30、 Canadian.A. most famous heroesB. the most famous herosC. most famous herosD. the most famous heroes12 I am so lucky having you as my English teacher. Having a good teacher like you has made much of a for me.Thanks for saying so, but as I see it, your success was largely due to your own hard work.A.
31、 differences. dealC. decisionD. point13、I like reading poems, because poems can certain.A. convey; emotionB. convey; emotionsC. express; emotionsD. explain; emotions14 The method seemed to work, as I gained the respect of my, peers, and subordinates.A. alumniB. internsC. colleaguesD. seniorsOne diff
32、icult task faced by both developed and developing countries is to guarantee the of naturalresources at the lowest possible environmental cost.A. inspectionB. exploitationC. contradictionD. exception16、he has money, he can buy anything he wants.A. Now that; a large amount ofB. Now that; a large numbe
33、r ofC. Due to; a large amount ofD. Due to; a large number of17、 Before the went up, the actors took their places on stage.A. sighB. lawyerC. daydreamD. curtain18 Zhanguimeis selfless to the cause of education is well known, and all her students respect and loveher.A. faultB. complexityC. devotionD.
34、agony19 On your way to New York William w川 keep you if you dont want to be lonely.A. companyB. companionC. safetyD. friendThe on Sarahs face told me that she got annoyed.A. confidenceB. expressionC. appearanceD. impression21 The organization has grown enormously since its in 1955.A. libertyB. divisi
35、onC. appointmentD. foundation22 Don/t worry. Flu is a(n)disease in this season. Take this medicine, and your temperature will soon return to.A. normal; commonB. common; normalC. ordinary; generalD. general; ordinary23、 are kept on the firm for their meat or milk.A. 200 head cattleB. 200 head of catt
36、leC. 200 head cattlesD. 200 heads of cattle24 Genius is one percent and ninety-nine percent perspiration.A. collectionB. orientationC. inspirationD. resource25 The cloth has a of blue and white squares, which is very beautiful.A. paintingB. patternC. sampleD. modelDuring the trip to London, what lef
37、t me the deepest was St. Pauls Cathedral built many years ago.A. impressionB. panicC. resourceD. impactTo fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel.A. consumptions. collectionC. commitmentD. distribution328 In of our motherland, a large number of p
38、eople lost their lives.A. defendB. defendsC. defenceD. defendingI want to know the sporting that catch the peoples attention in China.A. accidentsB. eventsC. incidentsD. occasion30 We would like to see closer between parents and schools.A. evolutionB. cooperationC. expectationD. rejection31 Its a pi
39、ty that her suggestion met with.A. rejections. expectationC. distinctionD. cooperation32、I want to buy as a birthday gift for my sister.A. some jewelB. a piece of jewelC. a jewelleryD. a piece of jewellery33、People who do not smoke have less of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.A. pote
40、ntials. causeC. hopeD. choice34、They certainly need a of the fundamentals of playing their instruments, but learning to collaboraterequires understanding how these roles work together.A. stabilityB. graspC. acknowledgementD. manner35 The staff in the zoo said it was hoped that the project would rais
41、e money for future work of animals.A. conservations. contributionC. consumptionD. conclusion36、After a careful survey, the hurricane of the house, which was not that severe, compared withneighboring ones, was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars.A. effectsB. damageC. ruinsD. crash37 Its not necessa
42、ry to buy any special. Just a pair of good running shoes will do.A. entertainmentB. announcementC. equipmentD. disappointment38、There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.A. contentB. contrastC. contractD. contactThere is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very muc
43、h.A. girlB. girlsC. girlsD. girls40 Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofchildrens brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits41、We saw a flock of sparrows and Dad said that they had a wide throughout the country.A. distributi
44、ons. possessionC. professionD. platform42 She tried not to show in her treatment of the children in her care.A. qualificationB. preferenceC. expectationD. blame43、 Some cyclists make the that traffic laws do not them. It is not true, though.A. assumption; apply toB. thought; apply toC. assuming; app
45、ly forD. idea; apply for44 Through that window of the soul”, the eye, I can only see through my fingertips the of a face.A. criticismB. outlineC. gentlenessD. pace45 There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some and then let me know.A. thoughts. strengthsC. protectionD. authorityWe may m
46、eet in our senior high school life, but we will never give up.A. descriptionsB. momentsC. challengesD. exchanges47、Applying for jobs can be a long and painful.A. processB. benefitC. positionD. climateThey make to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.A. transports. ve
47、hicleC. transportationD. vehiclesWhen the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at.A. wrongB. troubleC. faultD. difficulty50、- What impressed you most during your stay in Britain?一 I had the of meeting the Queen when she visited our school.A. treatyB. privileg
48、eC. inspirationD. exploration51、Due the widespread of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at anearly stage.A. approvals. applicationC. approachD. appreciation52、Lily, why dont join us for camping?Thank you, Jack. Its a very kind, but I have to finish my task.A. decisionB. promiseC. choiceD. offer53、You must read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanatio