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1、第02讲 语音知识+听力测试国际音标一、语音知识1 .英语共有48个音素，分为元音和辅音两大类。元音有20个，分为单元音和 双 元音。辅 音有28个，按声带振动情况分为浊辅音和清辅音。英语音素中半元音音素是/w/和/j/,鼻 音是 /m/ /n/、/n/o26个字母中有5个元音字母，分别为:a, e, i, o, u ,音标为ei i: ai eu Uu:o 一个半元音字母是y。元音字母在重读开音节中发字母的名称音，在重读闭音节中发 短音。二、国际音标兀音音标元音音标指发音时不受到发音器官的阻碍发出的声音，国际音标里，元音音标共20个：元音（20个）单兀音前元音/i： / /i / Id中元音
2、 /3 ： /。/ /A /后元音 /u： /u/ / ： /0/ /a: /双元音开合 双元音 /ei /ai / i / /au / /au /集中 双元音/i。/eg/ /u。/元音音标中单元音按发音时舌头位置的不同分为前元音、中元音和后元音，辅助音按发音时 口型的变化分为合口双元音和集中双元音，如上表所示。元音（20个）单元音长元音 /i： / /u： /a：/ ：/3 ：/短元音/I / /u / /A / /D / 0Id/ae/双元音合口双元音/al / /el/ I/au /qu /集中双元音/l。/e3 /u。/兀音音标中单兀音按发音时音音长短的不同分为长兀音、短兀音，长兀音
3、音标符号包括 号，如上表所示。元音音标表单元音：/i:/、 /i/、 /3 :、/、 / :/ /0/ /u:/、/u/、 /a:/、/a /、/e/【答案】c【原文】W: We do need to hurry up. Its already 2:30. The match is supposed to begin in 30 minutes.M: You must have been told the wrong time. I am sure the match begins at 4:00.19. What does the man like to drink?A. Tea.B. Co
4、ffee.C. Water.【答案】C【原文】W: I prefer tea to coffee, but whenever we visit Harry, he always serves us coffee.M: I dont like coffee, either. All I really want is a glass of cold water.20. How did the speakers go to France?A. By train.B. By air.C. By car.【答案】B【原文】M: Here we are in France at last. What a
5、journey! Air travel is more tiring than driving.W: You wouldnt have said that if you had driven a long way. Lets take the train next time.21. What does the woman want to borrow now?A. The dictionary.B. The eraser.C. The scissors.【答案】A【原文】W: Can you give me my eraser back, please? Id like to use it.M
6、: Sure, here you are.W: OK. And would you mind lending me your dictionary? Oh, and thanks for your scissors.22. Why does the woman call Jack?A. To ask him to close the window.B. To make a complaint.C. To get her notebook back.【答案】A【原文】W: Gee, its freezing here! Jack, would you mind closing the windo
7、w?M: Hold on. Just let me finish this note first.23. What does the woman mean?A. Matt might see the strong mouse.B. Matt might know how to get more cheese.C. Matt might have eaten the cheese.【答案】c【原文】W: Thats funny. Tm sure theres some cheese left. There must be a strong mouse around our house that
8、can open the fridge! Matt, what do you say?M: Er. maybe there is one.24. How does the man probably feel now?A. Satisfied.B. Nervous.C. Disappointed.【答案】C【原文】M: You said you could play the drum well. Is that all? I have high hopes for you.W: Hmm. I was too nervous just now. Til do better next time.25
9、. . What was the womans worry in her dream?A. Failing to finish the homework.B. Being late for school.C. Her being laughed at.【答案】A【原文】W ： In my dream, I was covered with books, being worried about the deadline of handing in my homework.M： That means you have too much homework to do.26. Why does the
10、 woman want to design the school uniforms?A , To make money.B. To wear what they like.C. To satisfy the schooPs need.【答案】B【原文】W ： We should be allowed to design our school uniforms.M： Why do you think so?W ： We should decide what we like to wear.27. What does the man mean?A. The question is not very
11、 clear.B. The woman is late for class again.C. The paper cant be put off to hand in.【答案】C【原文】W ： Professor, could I hand in my paper two days later? I want to add some fresh material to it.M： Im afraid thats out of the question.28. What dictionaries can be used by students?A. English-English diction
12、aries.B. English-Chinese dictionaries.C. Oxford English dictionaries.【答案】A【原文】W ： Students should be allowed to use dictionaries when writing a composition.M： Yes, but they should only use English-English dictionaries.29. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The students like school uniforms.B
13、. The students want to wear their own clothes.C. The school rules will be changed soon.【答案】B【原文】W ： What school rules do you think should be changed?M： Well, I think we should be allowed to wear our own clothes.W ： Whats the reason?M： We would feel more comfortable and that is good for studying.30.
14、What do we know about Peter?A. He isnt talkative.B. He studied very hard. C. He failed to get into college.【答案】C 【原文】M: I think one cant achieve anything just by sitting there and talking about it.W: I cant agree with you more. Thats why Peter failed to get into college.M: Yes, Peter is talkative an
15、d he should be more hard-working. 二、长对话听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。31. Why does the man thank the woman?A. She offered him a job B. She told him information on a job.C. She helped him withthe interview.32. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Go out to celebrate.【答案】31. B 32. AB. Take the job seriously.
16、C. Rebuild his confidence.【原文】M: Hi, Linda!W: Hello, Jim! You look so happy! Whafs new?M: I got the job you told me about last week.W: Thats great! Congratulations!M: Thank you very much indeed. You helped me rebuild my confidence.W: Dont mention it. Youre always good. What about going out to celebr
17、ate?M: That would be great.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。33. Whafs the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Friends.B.Neighbors.C. Customer andwaitress.34. How will Bill and Mary go home?A.By bus.B.By taxi.C. By subway.【答案】33. A34. B【原文】M: Is it really 11:00? Where did the time go? Mary and I had such a
18、wonderful dinner in your new home, but Im afraid weve missed the last bus.W: Do you want me to drive you home, Bill? Its no trouble.M: No, thanks. I know you have to work tomorrow. We dont want you to be tired on your first day at work, Sue.Well call a taxi.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。35. What is the probable
19、relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Boss and secretary.36. What do the speakers plan to do?A. See Martin.B. Have a car fixed.37. When will the speakers go to a car shop?A. This Saturday.B. This Sunday.C. Salesman and customer.C. Buy a car.C. Next Sunday.【答案】35. A 36. C 37. A【原文】
20、M: Why dont we get ourselves a new car, dear? The old one is falling apart.W: What a good idea! When shall we go and look?M: What about sometime next week?W: No. I cant wait. Lets go this Saturday.M: OK.W: Where shall we go?M: Theres a car shop down the road. How about going there?W: No. I don9t lik
21、e that place. They are always expensive. Why dont we try the shop Martin recommended?M: Fine, well do that.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。38. What is Bills attitude toward his exam result?A. Greatly excited.B. A bit dissatisfied.39. What does the woman suggest Bill do?A. Be hard on himself.B. Go out for dinner.40
22、. How soon will the speakers leave home?A. In about 15 minutes.B. In about 30 minutes.C. Terribly disappointed.C. Go shopping with her.C. In about 45 minutes.【答案】38. B 39. C 40. B【原文】M: Mom, we got our English test back today. I got second place in my class.W: Oh, Bill. Tm glad you did so well! Cong
23、ratulations!M: Thanks, Mom. But it was not the result I had hoped for. I thought I would get first place.W: Well, Bill. What a relief! You worked hard for that test. Dont be so hard on yourself. Youd better learn to relax. Why not go to the mall with me tomorrow?M: OK, Mom. Now Im a little hungry. W
24、hats for dinner?W: Were going to your grandparents? place fbr dinner by 8:00 tonight. Anyway, the whole family will be at the party. All your aunts, uncles, and cousins are coming.M: I havent seen the whole family in a long time.W: Well, youll see them tonight. Now, hurry up and get ready.M: OK. Whe
25、n are we leaving? It9s 6:15 now.W: When your dad gets home from work. Hell arrive at 6:45.三、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。41. What is Big Lots?A. A parking place.B. A big store.42. What did the speaker find in the basket?A. A wallet.B. A mobile phone.43. What information did the speaker get about the woman?A , H
26、er workplace.B. Her phone number.44. What did the woman offer to the speaker?A. A postcard.B. A job.C. A womans house.C. A letter.C , Her home address.C. A meal.【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D【原文】M: Last Sunday, I drove to Big Lots to do some shopping. I found a wallet in a shopping basket. I didnt know
27、 who it belonged to and I needed to find it out. I opened the wallet and found nothing but a card with a womans name and a check with her address. I opened MapQuest on my mobile phone, and got the directions to her house.I then drove 15 miles to the womans house and knocked at the door. No one was h
28、ome at that time, so I left a note with my phone number on it, letting her know that I had her wallet. She called me later that day. When I got to her house, she offered me dinner and all the money in her wallet, but I didnt accept it. I told her that it was only the right thing to do.双元音：/ei /、 /ai
29、 /、 / i /、 /au/、/ou/、 /i。/、 /e。、/u。/ 注意，元音也可以分为：1)长元音：/a:/ / :/u:/ /i:/o:/2)短元音：/ A / /d / /o/ /i / /u/ /e/ /ae/10 对清浊辅音:清辅音：p t k f 0 s tr ts f tj 浊辅音：b d g v 口 z dr dz d其他辅音:清辅音:h浊辅音：j20个元音音标发音单词例如1) /i： / sea, he, see, piece, ceiling/l / sit, build, miss, myth2) /e/ bed, desk, head/ae/ bad, land,
30、 bank, stamp (a 和 e 中间是连起来的)3) /a:/ car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt/D / hot, want4) / :/ door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught/u:/ good, who, blue, soup,5) /u / look, put, women, could/a / cup, come, blood, rough11)/3 :/ girl, work, serve, nurse0 cadre, ago, forget, polite
31、, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 双元音8个如下：12) /ei / cake, they, play, eight, great/al / bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye13) /ou / phone, cold, boat, soul, grow/au / house, town17)/0 1 / boy, oil/i g/ dear, idea, deer, here, fierce18) /e?/ pear, care, there, fair/u o/ tour, poor辅音音标
32、发音单词例如/p/ pay,put,cup,open,panda1) /b/ bread,club,lab,rabbit,garbage/t/ talk,taxi,tell,kitty,night2) /d/ duck,deep,dog,card,bed/k/ key,cold ,card,desk,cup,cat3) /g/ eagle,egg,lag,dig,glass/f7 fish,finger,face,floor,frog4) /v/ very,dove,ever,leave,invite/s/ sit,say,sky,face,bus5) /z/ zebra,zoo,zero,s
33、eize/J / ship,sheep,fish,clash,shirt6) /3 / visual,version,vision,leisure/d3 / jar,jam,July,angel,cage14) /0/ south,path,mouth,math,path/d/ they,those,other,teethe15) /ts/ cats,boats,meets,gifts/dz/ beds,cards,rides,friends16) /tr/ trade,trill,metric,tree/dr/ drink,dress,dream,draw17) /h/ home,hello
34、,hand,happy/r/ rain,read,red,grass18) /I/ line,like,alive,meal,pool/m/ mud,move,swim,smart,animal19) /n/ no,winner,ant,brain/ ink,bank,sing,spring,pink20) /w/ swan,with,what,white,work/j/ yak,youth,yell,billion,unit三、读音方法在学习字母在单词中的读音时有三种方法：第一种：去尾法，有九个，b、d c、p t v、z、j、ko比方:能根据读音把b分成两个音标 /b/i/,去尾顾名思义，
35、就是把最后一个音去掉，第一个音，就是在单词中的发音；第二种：掐头法，有六个，f、1 m、n、s、Xo比方f能根据读音把f分成两个音标/e/、/f/,把第一个音去掉就是在单词中发音；第三种：比照法，就是把字母在单词中的发音和在汉语拼音中的发音比照，有五个:g、h、y、 w、ro我们可以发现，这五个音和拼音中的音很相似，所以可以这样记。拼读规那么一、音节及音节的划分1 .音节的定义：音节由音素组合而成。一个元音加上一个或几个辅音即可构成一个音节，一个元音也能构成 一个音节。某些辅音也能与其他辅音构成音节。2 .音节构成A:一个元音和一个或多个辅音可以构成一个音节，如:be/bi:/; big/bl
36、 g/B: 一个元音可以构成音节,如about/* /o bau t/, I /al /C:成音节即由辅音和成节音,/mA /n/, /n/构成的音节,如：button/ bA tn/3.音节的分类A:开音节：指以发音的元音字母结尾的音节或元辅e结构。如：go/gou /; photo / fbu tou /; cake /kei k/; like/lai k/B:闭音节：以辅音字母结尾(r,w,v除外)，同时只有一个元音音素的音节，如:bag/bg/; stop /stD p/C: r音节：即ar /a/; er /o /; ir/o /; or/o /; ur /o/在非重读音节中一般发短
37、音/0/.音节的划分口诀：一在后，二分手一在后：如果两个元音中有一个辅音，那么把这个辅音的发音划到后面。二分手：如果两个元音中有两个辅音，那么平分这两个辅音的发音，前后各一个。一般来说，一个单词的发音元音的总数决定了这个单词所包含的音节数目，也就是说有几个 元音音素就有几个音节，如一个音节:I; a; six; girl; one; how 两个音节：fa/ther; re/move; peo/ple; ri/ver; rea/dy三个音节：cen/tu/ry; vi/ta/min; cer/tain/ly4 .不同音节中元音字母的发音(1)在闭音节中的元音字母一般发短元音，如：a/se/ca
38、t;e/e/bed;i/I/big;o/D /dog;u/a /bus在开音节中的元音字母一般发字母的名称音绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾。如:she/Ji/; hi/hai /相对开音节:元辅 e 结构。如:lake/le工 k/;like/lai k/; coke/kouk/二、不完全爆破音与浊化.不完全爆破音(incomplete plosion)带有不完全爆破音的词或句子，听起来好像有些音被吞掉，但实际上并未完全被吞掉。当两 个辅音相邻时前面的辅音由于受后面辅音的影响，在发音时只需要作出这个音的口形，但不 需要把音发出来。这种要发而又不发出来的音就是我们所说的不完全爆破音，这种发音现
39、象 叫做失去爆破。爆破音/p/b/t/d/k/g/.两个或两个以上的爆破音相连，只爆破最后一个爆破音，其他爆破音只需要作出口形即 可。如：act;two.爆破音后跟破擦音时，爆破音失去爆破。如pi(c)ture; tha(t) judge(1) .爆破音后跟摩擦音时只需做出口形，不爆破。如：brea(k)fast.爆破音后跟鼻音时，爆破音亦不爆破。如:goo(d) morning1 .浊化(soft)浊化就是把清辅音发成与其相应的浊辅音。一般情况下，在音节开头如果有两个在一起的清 辅音，那么第二个清辅音就要浊化，即发成浊辅音。常见的有:/sp/sb /如:sport;/st/sd/ 如:sta
40、ir;/sk/sg / 如:sky; scarf; school.连读(liaison)在英语的实际运用中，人们常将属于同一意群的词连在一起，一口气说出来。意群中词与词 之间不留空隙，这种读法叫连读。如：NotAatAall. Please takeAa lookAatAit. I findAa book inAit.(book 与 in 分别在两个不同的意群中故 中不连读。三、重音、语调与节奏.重音(stress)。)单重音英语的每个词，至少有一个音节读得特别重而清楚，而其他的音节那么轻而含糊。读得重而清 楚的音节，叫做单词重音，又叫重读音节。读得轻而含糊的音节，叫做非重读音节或轻读音 节。
41、如：interesting; dictionary; relay; forget; enough; dislike(2)句子重音实词如名词、实意动词、形容词、副词等，一般需重读，但在倒装句中实意动词要轻读。 如：She always 9made her class interestingUnder the tree stood an old man.代词以及虚词如冠词、连词、介词等往往不重读，但作表语的介词短语中的介词需重读。 如：The ball is under the chair.Which grade are you in?1 .语调(intonation)英语语调，即说话的腔调，就是
42、一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。(1)降调:主要用于陈述句、祈使句、特殊疑问句、感叹句句末，表示肯定、明确或意思表达 完整。如：Please open the door. What a fine day! I 升调:主要用于疑问句或表示请求的句子末尾，表示不太肯定、亲切和意思未完。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Do you often go to school by bike?(3)降升调先升后除常用于选择疑问句中或列举时。如:Is your friend a boy or a girl? Which do you prefer, tea or
43、 coffee? There are eggplants, cucumbers, tomatoes and potatoes in the market.先降后升:常用于补充说明或反意疑问句中。如：We have to hurry up,口 Im afraid.He hasnt booked the room, has he? i 3.节奏(the rhythm)读长句时，需要注意在意群之间换气，稍作停顿，而一个意群内部不可停顿，以便意思保持 完整。如：Our English teacher/told us/an interesting story.He and his brother/hav
44、e already finished/doing their homework.父检测训练一、短对话1. What does the man like about the movie?A. Its funny plot.B. Its music.C. Its actors.【答案】c【原文】W: That is a great movie, isnt it? It has some really funny parts, and I think the actors are really good.M: I agree about the acting, but I dont think it
45、 is funny. I dont care much for the music.2. How much is a concert ticket for a child?A. $2.B. $4.C. $8.【答案】B【原文】M: Concert tickets are 8 dollars for adults, half price for children.W: OK. Id like one adult ticket and two children tickets, please.3. What does the woman suggest doing first?A. Having
46、breakfast.B. Buying the medicine. C. Traveling to the town.【答案】A【原文】M: We really must go to the town to buy that medicine right now.W: I think thafs OK after we have breakfast.4. What will Sam do tonight?A. Attend a party.B. Fly to Tokyo.C. Have a meeting.【答案】B【原文】W: Sam, could you come to the party
47、?M: rd love to, but ril fly to Tokyo on business tonight Til attend some meetings there in the next few days.5. Where is the man probably going now?A. A gift shop.B. His brothers house. C. The Childrens Center.【答案】A【原文】W: Why are you in such a hurry?M: Tomorrow is Childrens Day, but I havent got a gift fbr my brother.6. What does the man say about the new film star?A. He is popular with young people.B. He is not handsome.C. He is a go