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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_非谓语动词不定式 infinitive1. 不定式的用法不定式的基本形式为“ to do ”在,句中不单独作谓语.本身具出名可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_词、形容词和副词的特点,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语.(1) 作主语 ：例： To seeis to believe.眼见为实.To graspEnglish in a short time is not easy.在短时间内把握英语不简单.留意：为保持句子平稳,可用“i
2、t ”作形式主语,而将真正主语动词不定式放在后边,句型为：It is /wasto do sth.例： It is not easy to grasp English in a short time.在短时间内把握英语是不简单的.It was important for him to solvethe problem then.当时对于他来说,解决这个问题是重要的.(2) 作宾语：多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语,有时也可用在某些复合宾语及物动词及个别双宾语及物动词后.例： I want to havea walk after supper.晚饭后我想去漫步.He considered it hi
3、s duty to supporthis family.他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任.She doesn t know hotwo run the machine.她不知道如何操作这台机器.不定式作宾语的结构为：及物动词+todo. 动词常用： advise, agree, ask, begin, continue, decide, expect, forget,hope, learn, like,manage, mean, pretend, start, try, want, wis 等h .(3) 作表语：联系动词一般都是be.例： Our duty is to cleanthe offi
4、ce and the windows in it.我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦洁净.His dream is to becomean expert in computer in the future.他的理想是将来成为一名电脑方面的专家.不定式作表语一般结构是：be to do sth.(4) 作定语可表示主谓、动宾、的点、时间、方式等多种语义关系.例： Do you still have anything to say.你仍有什么要说的吗？Mr. Li is the firstto get to the library.李先生是第一个到达图书馆的人.不定式作定语必需放在所修饰
5、的名词后,与所修饰的名词可以是规律上的主谓关系或规律上的动宾关系.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -假如不定式是不及物动词,就后面须跟一个介词.例： We have nothingto worry about.我们没有什么可担忧的.The Pierres had only a cold roomto live in.皮尔斯一家只有一间冰冷的房
6、间居住.She has no chairto sit on.她没有椅子坐.(5) 作状语：表示多种语义,如目的、缘由、程度等.例： They went out to have a walk.表示目的 他们出去漫步.I was really surprised to hear the news. 缘由听到这个消息我真的很惊讶.He is too young to join the army. 结果他太年轻了以至于不能参军.To tell you the truth, I don t like our Chinese t修ea饰ch全er句. 告知你实话,我不喜爱我们的语文老师.(6) 作补语例：
7、 They want us to keepsilent.他们期望我们保持寂静.He asked meto turn down the radio.他让我把收音机的声音调低.不定式作补语结构为：及物动词+ sb./sth. to do留意： 假如及物动词为使役动词let,have, make 或感觉动词 see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at, feel 等,动词不定式不带“ to”.例： He made us sweepthe floor three times a day.他让我们一天打扫三次的板.I saw him leavethe mee
8、ting room early.我观察他很早离开了会议室.We always hear her singpopular songs.我们总是听见她唱流行歌曲.I noticed the man enterthe store.我留意到这个男人进入了商场.His mother made him write a two-thousand-word article.他的妈妈让他写一篇2022 字的文章.但该类句子变为被动句时就要加上“to”.例： We were made to sweepthe floor three times a day.我们被要求一天打扫三次的板.He was seen to
9、leavethe meeting room early.有人看到他很早离开了会议室.She is always heard to singthe popular songs.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -人们总是听到她唱流行歌曲.The man was noticed to enterthe store.有人留意到这个男人进了商场.He
10、was made to writea two-thousand-word article.他被要求写一篇 3000 字的文章. help 后的不定式“ to”可有可无.例： Would you pleasehelp me to lookfor my lost necklace.你能帮忙我查找丢失的项链吗？ She helps me to learnto drive. 她帮我学开车.(7) 形容词补足语：用在表示心理、感情、评判等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明.例： We are very gladto meet you again.很兴奋再次见到你.2. 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态的变
11、化,见下表：主动形式被动形式一般时to doto be done完成时to have doneto have been done进行时to be doing完成进行时to have been doing一般的说,(1) 假如不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后, 用不定式的一般时来表示.(2) 假如不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前,用不定式的完成时.(3) 假如不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生,用不定式的进行时或一般时.例： I hope to seethe film Titanic. 之后 我期望看泰坦尼克号这部电影.They are saidto be playingfootball on the pla
12、yground now. 同时 有人说他们正在操场上踢足球.They seemedto have heardabout the news already.之 前他们好像已经听说了这个消息.I m sorrtyo have wastedyour time. 之前很愧疚铺张了你的时间.留意：不定式的规律主语 一般为句子主语 是不定式动作的承担者时, 需用不定式的被动式.例： Tom doesnt liketo be praisedin public.汤姆不喜爱在公众场合被夸奖.He askedto be sentto work there.他要求被派往那里工作.It s an honor for
13、htimo have been invitedto the party.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -对于他来说被邀请参与这个聚会是件荣幸的事.不定式在 easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, heavy, expensive等形容词后作状语,用主动形式表示被动意义.例： It is difficultto un
14、derstand.这件事很难懂得. The work is hard to do. 这个工作很难做.The box is heavy to carry.这个箱子搬起来很重.如不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系,但与另一词有主谓关系, 往往用主动形式表示被动意义.例： He has a meetingto attend.他有个会议要参与.We still have many thingsto do.我们仍有许多事情要做.3. 几点留意事项 在“ It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth. ”结构中,假如形容词是用于说明事情的,介词用for .假如形容词是用于说明人的,介词就选
15、 用 of.说明人的形容词主要有：clever, careless, foolish,good, polite, kind, right, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong, brave, selfish 等.例： It is impossible for us to finishthe work in a month.对于我们来说在一个月内完成这项工作是不行能的.It is not easy for me to learn so many subjects together.对于我来说同时学习这么多课程是不简单的.It is kind of you to sa
16、yso.你这么说真好.It is impoliteof you to stareat others.你盯着某人看是不礼貌的.It was carelessof her to break the glass.她不当心打破了玻璃. 不定式符号“ to”的有无 had better do something最好would rather do something 宁愿would like to do something 想做例： Youd bettesr tay here for another week.你最好在这儿再待一周.Liuhulan would rather die than give i
17、n.刘胡兰宁愿死亡而不投降.I d likteo have a cup of coffee with sugar and milk in.我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡.why,whynot引导问句不带to,句型为：疑问词+not+ 动词原可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -形.例： Why spend so much money on such
18、a coat.为什么花那么多钱买这么一件外套.Why not wear just a flower.为什么不只戴一朵花了？ 连接词引导省略主语的陈述句时要加to,句型为：连接词 +to do sth.例： I really dont kwnohwat to do now.我的确不知道现在干什么.He has no ideawhere to go. 他不知道去哪儿. 情形对话中,省略不定式时,to 常要留下.例：Do you want to watch the match. I d likteo, but Im not free now. Would you please try it on.
19、I want to, but I havent any money with me. 你想看竞赛吗？ 我想看,但是我现在没空. 你想试穿它吗？ 我想,但是我没带钱. 不定式前可带 what, who, which, where, when, how等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中多用作宾语,有时也可作其他成分. 不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to 之前加否定词not 构成.留意：复合形式的不定式构成否定式时,not 不行置于 have 或 be 之后.例： To be or not to be, that is the question.生存仍是毁灭 ,这是个问题.作目的状语的
20、不定式如为否定式,其前必需加in order 或 so as .5 like,love,hate 等动词后用动名词短语表示抽象的无时间意义的行为, 用动词不定式短语就多表示特定的、详细的某一次的行为.试对比：We love having a swim in the sea every afternoon.我们喜爱每天下午在海里游泳.We d loveto havea swim in the sea this afternoon.我们想今日下午在海里游个泳. forget, remember, regret等动词后 用动名词短语表示谓语行为之前（已发生） 的行为,用动词不定式短语就表示谓语行为之
21、后的行为.试对比：I remember meeting her somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过她.Do remember to meet her at the station tomorrow.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可要记住明天去车站接她. try 后用动名词短语时表示 “做某事 试一试 看是否会有某结果”
22、的意思,用动词不定式短语时就表示“极力去做某事 ”之意.试对比：Try putting some salt in the soup. It will taste better, I think.在汤里放点盐试试.我想,味道会好些的.She tried to put all the things into the bag, but couldn t.她极力想把全部的东西都放到包里去,可不行. stop 和 go on 后用动名词短语时表示“停止”或 “连续”做原先的事,用动词不定式短语作目的状语 就是表示要去做另一件事.试对比：The women went onworking though it
23、 was already very dark.妇女们连续工作,尽管天已经很黑了.The women went onto work after they had their lunch.妇女们吃过午饭后又接着工作.但 begin, start, continue等后可接动名词短语或不定式短语,语义基本相同.例： They starteddiscussing/to discustshe problem at once.他们立刻开头争论问题.动名词动名词由动词 +ing 构成.它具有动词和名词的性质, 在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语.1. 动名词的用法(1) 作主语例： Getting up ea
24、rly is good for your health.早起对于你的健康有帮忙.Reading Englishoftenisveryimportantinlearningaforeign language.常常读英语对于学习一门外语很重要.某些句型结构中也用it 作形式主语.例 ： It is no use/useless/gooddoing sth. 例:It is no use talking with him about it.和他谈论这件事是没用的.I don t think it is any gocoadlling to him.我认为给他打电话没用.(2) 作宾语例： I did
25、 remember seeinghim somewhere last Sunday.我的确记得上个周日在某个的方见过他.Before class, you will be asked to stoptalking and smoking.上课之前,你需要停止说话及吸烟.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Would you mind openi
26、ngthe window for me.你介意为我把窗户打开吗？留意：跟在介词后的动词必需用动名词形式,充当介词的宾语.例： I am thinking ofgoingto travel in Europe.我正在考虑去欧洲旅行.Thank you for bringing me such a beautiful gift.感谢你给我带来这么美丽的礼物.(3) 作表语例： My work isteachingyou English.我的工作是教你英语.Her greatest pleasure waswatching TV at home.她最大的乐趣就是在家看电视.留意：动名词作表语往往表示
27、抽象意义的动作动作性不强 ,而不表示详细的某次动作.(4) 作定语例： A swimmingpool is being built in the park.公园里正在建一个游泳池.Your teachingmethod is a little out of time.你的教学方法有点过时了.留意：动名词作定语说明所修饰名词的用途,而不表示进行的动作.2. 使用动名词留意以下事项:(1) 以下动词后只用动名词 : avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape,finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, ri
28、sk, sugges等t.例： He finished reading the novel in two days.他在两天内读完了这本小说.I am considering goingthere by bicycle.我正在考虑骑自行车去那儿.I suggestedputting off the meeting till next Wednesday.我建议把这个会议推迟到下周三.I am sorry to miss catchingthe first bus.我很遗憾错过了第一班公交车.(2) 以下词组后用动名词： be afraid of, be/get used to, think o
29、f, be fond of, can t help, feel like, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble in , insist on , put off , succeed in等.例： Hehas been used toliving inthe cityafter so many years have passed.这么多年过去了,他已经习惯了在城市居住.I don t feel ligkeoingto see the film now.我现在不想去看这个电影.3. 以下句型用主动形式表示被动意义：(1)
30、 主语 + be well worth +doing 某事很值得一做可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -(2) 主语 + need/ want/ require +doing某事需要被做=主语+ need/ want/ require to be done例: The TV program is well worth watching.这个电视
31、节目很值得一看.The bike needs/ wants/ requires repairing immediately.=The bike needs/ wants/ requires to be repaired immediately.这个自行车需要立刻修理.4动名词的时态和语态(1) 主动语态一般时表示无时间意义的行为.与谓语行为同时的行为.谓语行为之先的行为.被动行为.例： I don t minhdaving a cup of whisky at parties.我不介意在聚会上喝一杯威士忌.The TV set needsrepairing again. 这台电视机需要再次修理
32、.(2) 主动语态完成时表示谓语行为之先的行为.例： They were lucky in having foundthe stolen car.很幸运他们已经找到了丢失的自行车.(3) 被动语态一般时表示其规律主语承担的行为.例： The fact of being backedby so many people is a great comfort.有这么多人支持真是一个庞大的劝慰.(4) 被动语态完成时表示其规律主语在谓语之先承担的行为.例： Do you rememberhaving been sentsuch an e-mail.你记得别人发来这么一封邮件吗？动名词的否定形式：在动名
33、词前加否定词not 构成.留意,复合形式的动名词中not 不行置于 having 或 being 之后.例： Excuse me for not being able tooffer you any help.很愧疚不能给你供应任何帮忙.同步练习Choose the best answer.1. My father is sleeping soundly, so I try my best any noise.A. not makeB. to makeC. not to makeD. to make not2. Have you finished your article. No, not y
34、et.A. writeB. to writeC. wroteD. writing3. Go and tell the boy with fire. It s dangerous.A. don t playB. not to playC. not playD. to play not可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -4. The player
35、had a strong will, and he practiced every morning.A. to runB. ranC. runningD. and ran可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. “ Remember not your little sister , Tom.A. making, cryB. to make, to cryC. making, to cryD. to make, cryer.” said his moth可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6. his spoken English,Marxwent toHyde Park
36、 to people speaking freely.A. To improve, listenedB. Improving, to listenC. To improve, to listenD. Improved, to listen7. They say your sister is easy .A. to get alongB. to get along withC. to get along with themD. to get along with her8. It is not safe at the edge of the lake.A. you standB. of you
37、to standC. for your standingD. for you to stand9. He often made her , but this time he was made by her.A. cry, to cryB. cry, cryC. to cry, cryD. to cry, to cry10. We all hate lies before our teachers or parents.A. tellingB. tellC. to tellD. being told11. I m looking forward your -pfreiennd.A. beingB. to beC. beD. to being12. Do you think the lecture is worth .A. listening toB. to listen toC. being listened toD. listen to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载