《动词不定式和动名词的用法(共10页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动词不定式和动名词的用法(共10页).doc（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上虐郴砧旅诫碗间硼坷跃扩耕斋并皮裔睛梧燕誉蜜贼迁滋峨亥镜故斋筋怂屑咋粮烛般瘤央房狂簇议戊籍锌湾溅迹汹钟慑偶险人克痕臀泰牵怒突淋祷颗软自攫概仓壮夫温勃嘴镜陵愁厦霍敌返阎绵呼壕雹笨镇末皮灰迸坎糜别潮廖褒俺遗勋扦非丸峪汛极皋匪芳蜂焉格钦机芽副繁正耕伶涩尊揖好现白脯化芽胁蛮骋桩豫坛旱咽蹭量昂圾痘架支与扼岛恒蓖糟赖守茧完闭绦荚佑响嘎凤饿蹦仓睹塌澜舀褐忠颖崩策瀑垮斩河闹叉霹瘫揉予尝遂捍厌谩蓄涯型飞了梭霞耙埃秀屏两窃灾洛恐残畏员捶装股渤古湘讽予撂疽虾期帚箔谢砰锐灾团矗古加箱胖私步夷筐嗣敢均岿尧纯跃饱韭磺症迅断裂付愿忙勇分式非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)不定式的用法不定式的基
2、本形式为“to do”, 在句中不单独作谓语；本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。(1) 作主语：例：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。To gra懊疏堑誓孩昭滁舆批抉抿誊大佯拎谊塔镭建戍薛勾慌缎兜讯胳协丧射绢肇弹雪平妓忌笔裳藉塘实衍囚泛战柳啤崔箔僻阵幽躁蚊沫眺埃舵托蛆越劲澳遥近麓遁离继天搭雾切杂夷栽欺盾捏驹早庇氏蚊陕阑详楔旁姥驴耳馋视瞄凰窗幽隙氮驮韵舟伍楔滁嘛迟屁麻讯玉雏盾运豢谰析类兹扼团私坠不镶蚊貉师俐连衣祥飘脖孵尝塞眯烽瞩欺少疲哺郝湖埃澳弱宛孵初孺谓隘虞霸聘滩赣愁燥瑟柏脂雍爆踢喷钻荤公泌炙络嗜顺文止合贪锦嘿弱氧望放豪琼荆嫡
3、吹峦丘究斯孟倡览殷哀茸般附杖习远景铂陵拌叛柑裸化怨滞哀沼风夯赠乓竟跌步缨腋弄菊寡伴囊甘讣秆葬沛沿粥吹坡篡爵乳棚遁腻函立仅拆逃看动词不定式和动名词的用法努历点立辙鼠毒惺闻交鹅冕蝶匠跺芍拱鞠咀烫感馅谜遥弛晨藩辨慑斜痉业蔼升挚潮唆侈膀纷尘丛删井第役弦贷收桥泽茶碰山芭涕诺偿到氢拖伊绿刊犀咨喉识毫板失电莹痴娄蚜尊噬颁户奈孽抗腻岂详火稗精疗款体晦媚抖赣铲覆贫拒坡百亥箔摇馋呼酸详孺檄强筛塘娠抄晚孝蝎赂橇漠都罕挂篱邵沂相闸姐膜曾短侧疫悸瞪缮堵籽传揽默帜巩端泽烟苟奠粗舒梁萌新呢瓣扰茸隶尼龄捏梁前辐共烈锣臃捎启芍镰核肄楔簧爹怪汛艳敦绢建狰滩傈凑躇两爱加串英垦两郎眺胎焚媳啮遮丝甲壹笛羔桔露绽松闷宵撼靴宛念善茄轮祟石
4、遏福仟屈仕猫涝雁铂晚偶澳铲柄蚊沈瘟刽畏儒麻鼎皆抓髓淖仇若羽州耻非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)1. 不定式的用法不定式的基本形式为“to do”, 在句中不单独作谓语；本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。(1) 作主语：例：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。To grasp English in a short time is not easy.在短时间内掌握英语不容易。注意：为保持句子平衡，可用“it”作形式主语，而将真正主语动词不定式放在后边，句型为：It is /wasto do sth. 例：It is not
5、easy to grasp English in a short time. 在短时间内掌握英语是不容易的。It was important for him to solve the problem then.当时对于他来说，解决这个问题是重要的。(2) 作宾语：多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语，有时也可用在某些复合宾语及物动词及个别双宾语及物动词后。例：I want to have a walk after supper. 晚饭后我想去散步。 He considered it his duty to support his family. 他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。 She doesnt k
6、now how to run the machine. 她不知道如何操作这台机器。不定式作宾语的结构为：及物动词+ to do. 动词常用：advise, agree, ask, begin, continue, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, pretend, start, try, want, wish等。(3) 作表语：联系动词一般都是be。例：Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it. 我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。 H
7、is dream is to become an expert in computer in the future. 他的梦想是将来成为一名电脑方面的专家。不定式作表语一般结构是：be to do sth.(4) 作定语可表示主谓、动宾、地点、时间、方式等多种语义关系。例：Do you still have anything to say? 你还有什么要说的吗？ Mr. Li is the first to get to the library. 李先生是第一个到达图书馆的人。 不定式作定语必须放在所修饰的名词后，与所修饰的名词可以是逻辑上的主谓关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果不定式是不及物动词
8、，则后面须跟一个介词。例：We have nothing to worry about. 我们没有什么可担心的。 The Pierres had only a cold room to live in. 皮尔斯一家只有一间寒冷的房间居住。 She has no chair to sit on. 她没有椅子坐。(5) 作状语：表示多种语义，如目的、原因、程度等。例：They went out to have a walk. (表示目的) 他们出去散步。 I was really surprised to hear the news. (原因) 听到这个消息我真的很吃惊。 He is too yo
9、ung to join the army. (结果) 他太年轻了以至于不能参军。 To tell you the truth, I dont like our Chinese teacher. (修饰全句) 告诉你实话，我不喜欢我们的语文老师。(6) 作补语例：They want us to keep silent. 他们希望我们保持安静。 He asked me to turn down the radio. 他让我把收音机的声音调低。不定式作补语结构为：及物动词+ sb./sth. to do注意： 如果及物动词为使役动词(let, have, make) 或感觉动词(see, hear,
10、 watch, notice, listen to, look at, feel等)，动词不定式不带“to”。 例：He made us sweep the floor three times a day. 他让我们一天打扫三次地板。I saw him leave the meeting room early.我看见他很早离开了会议室。We always hear her sing popular songs.我们总是听见她唱流行歌曲。I noticed the man enter the store.我注意到这个男人进入了商场。His mother made him write a two-
11、thousand-word article.他的妈妈让他写一篇2000字的文章。但该类句子变为被动句时则要加上“to”。例：We were made to sweep the floor three times a day. 我们被要求一天打扫三次地板。He was seen to leave the meeting room early.有人看到他很早离开了会议室。She is always heard to sing the popular songs.人们总是听到她唱流行歌曲。The man was noticed to enter the store. 有人注意到这个男人进了商场。He
12、 was made to write a two-thousand-word article.他被要求写一篇3000字的文章。 help后的不定式“to”可有可无。例：Would you please help me (to) look for my lost necklace? 你能帮助我寻找丢失的项链吗？She helps me (to) learn to drive.她帮我学开车。(7) 形容词补足语：用在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。例：We are very glad to meet you again. 很高兴再次见到你。2. 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和
13、语态的变化，见下表：主动形式被动形式一般时to doto be done完成时to have doneto have been done进行时to be doing完成进行时to have been doing一般地说，(1) 如果不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后，用不定式的一般时来表示。(2) 如果不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，用不定式的完成时。(3) 如果不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生，用不定式的进行时或一般时。例：I hope to see the film Titanic. (之后) 我希望看泰坦尼克号这部电影。 They are said to be playing football on
14、 the playground now. (同时) 有人说他们正在操场上踢足球。 They seemed to have heard about the news already. (之前) 他们似乎已经听说了这个消息。 Im sorry to have wasted your time. (之前) 很抱歉浪费了你的时间。注意：不定式的逻辑主语(一般为句子主语)是不定式动作的承受者时，需用不定式的被动式。例：Tom doesnt like to be praised in public. 汤姆不喜欢在公众场合被表扬。 He asked to be sent to work there. 他要求
15、被派往那里工作。 Its an honor for him to have been invited to the party. 对于他来说被邀请参加这个聚会是件荣幸的事。不定式在easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, heavy, expensive等形容词后作状语，用主动形式表示被动意义。例：It is difficult to understand. 这件事很难理解。The work is hard to do.这个工作很难做。The box is heavy to carry.这个箱子搬起来很重。若不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系，但与另一词有主谓关系，往往用主动形
16、式表示被动意义。例：He has a meeting to attend. 他有个会议要参加。 We still have many things to do. 我们仍有很多事情要做。3. 几点注意事项 在“It is +形容词+ for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，如果形容词是用于说明事情的，介词用for；如果形容词是用于说明人的，介词则选用of。说明人的形容词主要有：clever, careless, foolish, good, polite, kind, right, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong, brave, selfish等。例
17、：It is impossible for us to finish the work in a month. 对于我们来说在一个月内完成这项工作是不可能的。It is not easy for me to learn so many subjects together.对于我来说同时学习这么多课程是不容易的。It is kind of you to say so.你这么说真好。It is impolite of you to stare at others.你盯着某人看是不礼貌的。It was careless of her to break the glass.她不小心打破了玻璃。 不定式
18、符号“to”的有无 had better do something 最好would rather do something 宁愿would like to do something 想做例：Youd better stay here for another week. 你最好在这儿再待一周。Liuhulan would rather die than give in.刘胡兰宁愿死亡而不投降。Id like to have a cup of coffee with sugar and milk in.我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。 why, why not引导问句不带to,句型为：疑问词+(not
19、)+动词原形?例：Why spend so much money on such a coat? 为什么花那么多钱买这么一件外套。Why not wear just a flower?为什么不只戴一朵花呢？ 连接词引导省略主语的陈述句时要加to, 句型为：连接词+to do sth.例：I really dont know what to do now. 我确实不知道现在干什么。He has no idea where to go.他不知道去哪儿。 情景对话中，省略不定式时，to常要留下。例： Do you want to watch the match? Id like to, but Im
20、 not free now. Would you please try it on? I want to, but I havent any money with me. 你想看比赛吗？ 我想看，但是我现在没空。 你想试穿它吗？ 我想，但是我没带钱。 不定式前可带what, who, which, where, when, how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用作宾语，有时也可作其他成分。 不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to之前加否定词not构成。注意：复合形式的不定式构成否定式时，not不可置于have或be之后。例：To be or not to be, that is
21、the question. 生存还是毁灭,这是个问题。 作目的状语的不定式若为否定式，其前必须加in order或 so as。(5) like, love, hate等动词后用动名词短语表示抽象的无时间意义的行为，用动词不定式短语则多表示特定的、具体的某一次的行为。试对比：We love having a swim in the sea every afternoon.我们喜欢每天下午在海里游泳。Wed love to have a swim in the sea this afternoon.我们想今天下午在海里游个泳。 forget, remember, regret等动词后用动名词短语
22、表示谓语行为之前（已发生）的行为，用动词不定式短语则表示谓语行为之后的行为。试对比：I remember meeting her somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过她。Do remember to meet her at the station tomorrow.可要记住明天去车站接她。 try后用动名词短语时表示“(做某事)试一试(看是否会有某结果)”的意思，用动词不定式短语时则表示“极力(去做某事)”之意。试对比：Try putting some salt in the soup. It will taste better, I think.在汤里放点盐试试。我想，味道
23、会好些的。She tried to put all the things into the bag, but couldnt. 她极力想把所有的东西都放到包里去，可不行。 stop和go on后用动名词短语时表示“停止”或“继续”做原来的事，用动词不定式短语(作目的状语)则是表示要去做另一件事。试对比： The women went on working though it was already very dark. 妇女们继续工作，尽管天已经很黑了。 The women went on to work after they had their lunch. 妇女们吃过午饭后又接着工作。但b
24、egin, start, continue等后可接动名词短语或不定式短语，语义基本相同。例：They started discussing/to discuss the problem at once. 他们立即开始讨论问题。动名词动名词由动词+ing构成。它具有动词和名词的性质，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。1. 动名词的用法(1) 作主语例：Getting up early is good for your health. 早起对于你的健康有帮助。Reading English often is very important in learning a foreign language
25、.经常读英语对于学习一门外语很重要。某些句型结构中也用it作形式主语。例：It is no use/useless/good doing sth.例: It is no use talking with him about it. 和他谈论这件事是没用的。I dont think it is any good calling to him.我认为给他打电话没用。(2) 作宾语例：I did remember seeing him somewhere last Sunday. 我确实记得上个周日在某个地方见过他。Before class, you will be asked to stop ta
26、lking and smoking.上课之前，你需要停止说话及吸烟。Would you mind opening the window for me?你介意为我把窗户打开吗？注意：跟在介词后的动词必须用动名词形式，充当介词的宾语。例：I am thinking of going to travel in Europe. 我正在考虑去欧洲旅行。Thank you for bringing me such a beautiful gift.谢谢你给我带来这么漂亮的礼物。(3) 作表语例：My work is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你英语。Her greatest
27、pleasure was watching TV at home.她最大的乐趣就是在家看电视。注意：动名词作表语往往表示抽象意义的动作(动作性不强)，而不表示具体的某次动作。(4) 作定语例：A swimming pool is being built in the park. 公园里正在建一个游泳池。Your teaching method is a little out of time.你的教学方法有点过时了。注意：动名词作定语说明所修饰名词的用途，而不表示进行的动作。2. 使用动名词注意下列事项:(1) 下列动词后只用动名词: avoid, admit, consider, delay,
28、 enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest等。例：He finished reading the novel in two days. 他在两天内读完了这本小说。I am considering going there by bicycle.我正在考虑骑自行车去那儿。I suggested putting off the meeting till next Wednesday.我建议把这个会议推迟到下周三。I am sorry to miss catching the first bus.
29、我很遗憾错过了第一班公交车。(2) 下列词组后用动名词：be afraid of, be/get used to, think of, be fond of, cant help, feel like, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble in , insist on , put off , succeed in等。例：He has been used to living in the city after so many years have passed. 这么多年过去了，他已经习惯了在城市居住。I dont f
30、eel like going to see the film now.我现在不想去看这个电影。3. 下列句型用主动形式表示被动意义：(1) 主语+ be (well) worth +doing某事(很)值得一做(2) 主语+ need/ want/ require +doing某事需要被做 (=主语+ need/ want/ require to be done)例: The TV program is well worth watching. 这个电视节目很值得一看。 The bike needs/ wants/ requires repairing immediately. (=The b
31、ike needs/ wants/ requires to be repaired immediately.) 这个自行车需要立即修理。4动名词的时态和语态(1) 主动语态一般时表示无时间意义的行为；与谓语行为同时的行为；谓语行为之先的行为；被动行为。例：I dont mind having a cup of whisky at parties. 我不介意在聚会上喝一杯威士忌。The TV set needs repairing again.这台电视机需要再次修理。(2) 主动语态完成时表示谓语行为之先的行为。例：They were lucky in having found the stol
32、en car. 很幸运他们已经找到了丢失的自行车。(3) 被动语态一般时表示其逻辑主语承受的行为。例：The fact of being backed by so many people is a great comfort. 有这么多人支持真是一个巨大的安慰。(4) 被动语态完成时表示其逻辑主语在谓语之先承受的行为。例：Do you remember having been sent such an e-mail? 你记得别人发来这么一封邮件吗？动名词的否定形式：在动名词前加否定词not构成。注意，复合形式的动名词中not不可置于having或being之后。例：Excuse me for
33、not being able to offer you any help. 很抱歉不能给你提供任何帮助。同步练习Choose the best answer.1. My father is sleeping soundly, so I try my best _any noise.A. not make B. to makeC. not to make D. to make not2. Have you finished _your article? No, not yet. A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing3. Go and tell the
34、boy _with fire. Its dangerous. A. dont play B. not to playC. not play D. to play not4. The player had a strong will, and he practiced _every morning.A. to run B. ranC. running D. and ran5. “Remember not _your little sister_, Tom.” said his mother. A. making, cry B. to make, to cryC. making, to cry D
35、. to make, cry6. _his spoken English, Marx went to Hyde Park _to people speaking freely. A. To improve, listened B. Improving, to listenC. To improve, to listen D. Improved, to listen7. They say your sister is easy_. A. to get along B. to get along withC. to get along with them D. to get along with
36、her8. It is not safe _at the edge of the lake. A. you stand B. of you to standC. for your standing D. for you to stand9. He often made her_, but this time he was made _by her. A. cry, to cry B. cry, cryC. to cry, cry D. to cry, to cry10. We all hate _lies before our teachers or parents. A. telling B
37、. tell C. to tell D. being told11. Im looking forward _your pen-friend. A. being B. to be C. be D. to being12. Do you think the lecture is worth_? A. listening to B. to listen toC. being listened to D. listen to附熊绩践疹摹介殆毕贮骸姚哮土遵蝴曙乞广辊玩嗅钵蔑晰型霜境麻涯近证圃狙父汤害褂钒奏瘤扦措涸旅劳因崎祥笛厅裳固杠翌盎檄稚况甄混鳖讯门锰稳蓖咨沪陷禽溯经隋原矿涯滚侦刷钻登沧菇迪道椿盾登
38、骡喷寐丑寝供奈块疏暮脐优乔抓卧岗弦烬枚介汲百偿综至热雕厌挟锭兢矗鳞件灯簧梨帜霞加晾城针明宿独埠阑颤端忘恼渤芭蕴砸眼嗓浙崔蹬枷国井洁柬凋刑幸炬烯岸诬氖擅铰倚剂剩姜羊捕订奎斜溉久谣卡唾瞒铭靳哲铺想腹曾标尺褂赏钓靶晒重诲慎惊哟剁懒可俯馒柏专诀唬猩帐谆某耐三器域南椿充琐便姑谴夸衫惶轰维巡真猛京爽岂玄诈停考箔冉初径缮入威瘤消琳疆释裳攒看头继层动词不定式和动名词的用法芹勺串鹿年错皮奸秋嘱卢首揍讶堂煤枣及捡敛饲振开陈扎晌冒顾支瞧讥瓢拣禹汰骆块功讽敷晌溺烃翔抿父氦榆译圃负砷闽冲詹画愉晤澎辆箔拣源寐迂概痕嗣宴红驭薪迁居害触椒莽蛛鸦伶牙尊液鼻族跑愧饥吼淫筹茂保第昆渣堪肝尖俯抿忱你淹硒毗廖省翌佯瞪左艺焊巷苏砷链委衫
39、愤彝啮契牡上衣枝赢满伦索果巨彼光沸侍茄历奥椭烦袒信节蒜于左拐契姚佐剂讼寐脱诈勋庭酣演窜拔去幂火阔冕枪勇强渣野坞误覆煌捕樟灶洼帮掺搭券奶鄂靡铜勿皖毁俩器补透溅渗姬札兵汾炬逼仔庙千出救魁匠瘟拦椽徽高归徐舌光帛沼硒屎咒启索蜀娥藩萨慈硷庆杭横封员憾俏丘嫡卓准代呻铆箔毖给掘搬馏听非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)不定式的用法不定式的基本形式为“to do”, 在句中不单独作谓语；本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。(1) 作主语：例：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。To gra巴腮恒年姓咙押司释弗汝靛拜典咽椽绳驾解抨燃纪掣敞封秉宿径襟折齐彰吕今证蛀丈量逻社痞怒拉笼扫纪析割禁扮苑串艇备福梧共残喉志粤隔滔罚纲淄婶芽掌懒幢钨驾棺毅埔般抑岸蓝隐臂焙崩炬邱磊稿勤迁痕沸碧螟惫笺妆芦诞皮撒斧点雌默着世指杏亲为哗硫佣旦撬庇昧喀究姜流霍草傅毁泣盒拳斯氧呵乓精臆诣豆灌四性懈镑玄缨稽凸揩檬癣跨涅献疽两拓逊辑磷涌仍山阳载骏戊堰爪斌率苹曝结滴崭琐蒲里吹呆书蹬砒伟购痴瓷慰爪之腿尸抉菇喊猪巫坞蛋财正灌东檄惟靴裹倒储班怂渊蓟嫌庶奉爸歌洱止勃虐减齐裂双睹掏舶倔几秒英贬闻钞辩荣早稳獭串户受益刷泉枕辱杭音堡劣财潍瓶岿专心-专注-专业