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1、2022高考英语.动词的被动语态.精品解析（1）【课堂目标】.掌握谓语动词被动语态的基本用法1 .掌握被动语态的构成在各种时态中的规律考点一构成：be+过去分词be+过去分词，口语中也用“get/become +过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动 作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。一般现在时do doesam/is/are + done一般过去时didwas/were + done一般将来时will dowill + be + done过去将来时 would dowould + be + done现在进行时am/is/
2、are doingam/is/are + being + done过去进行时 was/was doingwas/werc + being + done现在完成时 have/has donehave/has + been + done过去完成时had donehad + been + done.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题（1）同时对被动语态和时态的考查。（2020 高考全国甲卷）It（build） originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.【答案】wa
3、s built解析】考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据originally和the Tang dynasty可知，build 这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语为it，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。（202 1 高考全国卷 III） The artist was sure he would（choose）, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.【答案】be chosen【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个艺术家确定他会被选上，但是
4、当他把他的作品呈献给皇 上的首席大臣时，这个老人却笑了。从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系，设空前有情态 动词 would,故填 be choseno(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语：作宾补的不定式如果省略了 to,变成被动语态时， 需加上tOoThe boss made Jim work all day long.*He was made to work all day long (by the boss).老板让吉姆整天都工作。(3)短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attenti
5、on to.你应该注意你的发音和拼写。(4)情态动词，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们 后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。(5)当句子的谓语为 say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report 等时,被动语态 有两种形式：a.谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。b.
6、用ii作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.据说他是个聪明的男孩。People know paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.*It is known that paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。类似句型有：It is said/known/sugg
7、ested/believed/hoped/thought that.2 .不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。(3)表示归属的动词,如have, own, belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。3 .主动形式表被动含义每日单词复习1. a
8、bsentSnow is absent in some countries.有些国家终年无雪。My grandfather is often absent-minded with age.我爷爷常常因上了年纪而变得去 三落四(健忘).It happened during your absence.(abseni)月K是当你不在的时候发生的.2.presentWe shall not need any more for the present.我们食时不需要更多的了。We presented three options to the Students Union for discussion.我
9、们向学生会提 出了三种选择以供讨论。Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.大师们所著的经典作品,通过极具吸引力的故事和语言呈现出伟大的 思想,The young man presented the waler to_ the old man.=The young man presented the old man with the water.年轻人把水给老人端上来。give a presentation (present)of the
10、 new project 对新工程进行介绍/陈述 Dont judge before you have absolute proof.在没确凿证据之前，不要随意评论。3. academicthe office of academic affairs 校务处 academic performance学习表现/学习成绩4. acceptIt is not socially acceptable (accept)for parents to leave children unattended at that age.父 The acceptance (accepl)of new members is
11、 strictly controlled.5. accessThe road is closed but can be accessed (access)by emergency vehicles.We need a better way to access information.6. adapt7.accommodateThis new film is said to be adapted (adapt)from a novel by Jane Austen.This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.Some find it hard to a
12、ccommodate themselves to the new working conditions.Universities have to provide student accommodation for first-year students.住宿8. accusethe accused 被告The police accused him of_ theft.课堂练习:The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinaslong history. It (build) originally
13、to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.Wc accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After
14、4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go a
15、ll8 way around the Xian City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.【答案】1. was built 2. in/during 3. to walk 4. spending 5. better6. hired 7. but 8. t
16、he 9. watchtowers 10. daily【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。1 .考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已 经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被 动关系，应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty 可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓 一致，故填 was built。2 .考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在己经完 全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代“可用介词in/duringo故填 in/d
17、uring o.考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定 是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此 处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作 真正主语。故填to walk。3 .考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后， 我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析 句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故 填 spending o4 .考查形容词比拟级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设 备之后，我们决定是
18、时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的 呢。根据后文比拟连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比拟级。 故填 better o5 .考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此 处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去 时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。6 .考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的 连词but连接。故填buto7 .考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一 直；
19、完全地”可知短语为all Ihe way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填 the。8 .考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的 大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据 句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念， 应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。9 .考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大 门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后 文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。改错Last week
20、 our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions arc： Who will you go in times of trouble? Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because theyYe of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or t
21、eachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.【答案】l.areis2.go 后加 to3.friendfriends4.删除 turn 后的 o
22、ut5.little*few6.ourtheir7.talk 一talking8.kepl 一 keep9.where 一 when/wheneverlO.mostly一 most 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于学生在碰到问题后的解决方式的问卷 调查结果。1 .考查主谓一致。句意：其中的一个问题是：你遇到麻烦时会去找谁？ one of ihe +名词复数，意为“之一，为单数含义，所以其后的系动词应用单数。结合 句意，此处指问卷调查中的一个问题，所以为客观事实，时态用一般现在时。故 are改为is。2 .考查介词。句意同上。短语go to sb.“求助于某人”相当于短语turn to s
23、b. for helpo 故go后加tOo.考查名词复数。句意：许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们 是同龄人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词，结合句中their,所以此处要 用复数。故friend改为friends。3 .考查介词。句意：一些说他们会向他们的父母或老师求助。固定短语turn to sb. for help,意为“向某人求助“，所以此处删除介词。ut。故删除turn后的out。4 .考查代词。句意：只有一些人选择自己解决问题。结合.上文“Many students say.” 及“Some will turn.”可知,此处指一些学生。student为可数
24、名词,应用a few代 指。alitlle通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。5 .考查代词。句意同上。短语on ones own,意为“单独”，结合句意可知，此处 指学生们单独完成,所以要用代词their。故our改为their。6 .考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也说明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语 dislike doing sth.,意为“不喜欢做某事”,doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。 8.考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所 以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。9.考查连词。句意：在我看来，当我们
25、有麻烦时(无论什么时候我们有麻烦时)， 我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。分析可知，本句为含有状语从句的 复合句。主句为we should seek help.,从句表示的含义为无论什么时候我们有麻 烦或者当我们有麻烦时，所以应用when/whenever引导。故where改为 when/whenever。1().考查副词。句意同上。副词mostly,意为“大多数”；most意为“最”，此处指 最相信的人,指程度。故mostly改为most。I免费增值服务介绍，零学科网 “学科网( s:)致力于提供K12教育资源方服务。网校通合作校还提供学科网高端社群 出品的老师请开讲私享直播课等 增值服务。扫码关注学科网每日领取免费资源回复ppt”免费领180套PPT模板回复天天领券”来抢免费下载券，组卷网( s:) 是学科网旗下智能题库，拥有小初高全 学科超千万精品试题，提供智能组卷、 拍照选题、作业、考试测评等服务。扫码关注组卷网解锁更多功能