《高考英语语法复习：被动语态考点分析与经典题型解读讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法复习：被动语态考点分析与经典题型解读讲义.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高中英语语法培训：被动语态考点分析与经典题型解读一、被动语态考点聚焦(一)被动语态的概念：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。(二)被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。(三)被动语态的基本用法：(1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday。An interesting book was given to me(by my fri
2、end)on my birthday。I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday。主动变被动时，宾补成主补(位置不变)；(作补语的)不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long。He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her)。Your pronunciation and spelling should b
3、e paid attention to。情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：(A)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy。It is said that he is a smart
4、 boy。He is said to be a smart boy。People know paper was made in China first。It is known that paper was made in China first。Paper was known to be made in China first。类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that (2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、
5、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。(3)主动形式表被动意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面
6、接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily。这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well。这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly。我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock。门锁不上。The fish smells good。鱼闻起来香。当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The p
7、lan worked out successfully。The lamps on the wall turn off。want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink。The girl isnt easy to get along with。另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。(4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
8、be seated坐着He is seated on a bench。(He seats himself on a bench。)坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door。(He hid himself behind the door。)他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt。(5)被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：The book was sold by a certain books
9、tore。(被动语态)The book is well sold。(系表结构)何时运用被动语态：（1）强调动作的接受者：America was discovered by Columbus.（2）不知谁是动作的执行者：You are wanted on the phone.（3）作客观说明：It is said that the meeting has been put off.（经典句型）主动变被动的基本方法：（说起来容易，掌握起来需要用心！）（1）主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）谓语动词变为由“be + 过去分词”的形式，配合时态作相应变化。（3）主动语态主语置于介词 by之后，
10、如无必需，则省略。（4）不及物动词没有被动语态。现 在 do (does) am / is / are + doneWe keep the piano in the living-room.The piano is kept in the living-room.过 去 didwas / were + doneThey built the bridge in 1980.The bridge was built in 1980.将 来 will/shall do will/shall + be + doneHe will read the book tomorrow.The book will
11、be read tomorrow.现在完成have/has done have/has + been + doneWe havedeliveredthe newspaper.The newspapers have been delivered (by us).过去完成 had done had been doneShe had seen the film before she came here.The film had been seen before she came here.将来完成 will/shall have done will/shall have + been + doneB
12、y the end of this term we shall have finished 80 texts.By the end of this term 80 texts will have been finished.现在进行 am/is/are doing am/is/are + being + doneThey are drawing the picture.The picture is being drawn by them.过去进行 was/were doing was/were + being + doneHe was reviewing their lessons at th
13、is moment yesterday.Their lessons were being reviewed at this moment yesterday.情态动词 may may can can must must should do should + be + done ought toought to used toused toYou must write anarticleon the subject.An article must be written on the subject.精典名题导解1. “Do you like the material？” “Yes, it _ v
14、ery soft。”A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt【解析】此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。2. He was angry _ your work. He said that he _ at all。A. at, didnt satisfy B. to, didnt satisfy C. at, wasnt satisfied D. to, wasnt satisfied【解析】最佳答案为C. be angry at (about) sth 意为“对某事
15、生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at (about) 换成 to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为 not satisfy，这是是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。3. If you want to sell your product you must _ it。A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to【解析】事实上，正确答案为A. advertise 可用作及物和不及
16、物动词：用作及物动词时，其意为“为做广告”、“登广告宣传”；用作不及物动词时，其意为“做广告”、“登广告”，此时通常后接介词 for，表示“做广告征求”。比较：advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)advertise sth 为登广告，登广告宣传(此时 advertise 是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。The manager wants to advertise for a new secr
17、etary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。再比较以下用例：advertise jobs 登广告招人advertise for jobs 登广告求职4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time。” “But does your mother _ you to go？”A. let B. agree C. allow D. promise【解析】最佳答案为C. 不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to；不能选B是因为动词 agree 习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式；不能选D是因为在 pr
18、omise sb to do sth 这一句式中，to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答应我，他去”，而不是“他答应我让我去”。之所以能选C，是因为 allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事)与上文语境刚好吻合。5. “Do your parents agree to your doing that？” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always _ me to try something new。”A. hope B. suggest C. support
19、 D. encourage【解析】此题的正解答案是D. 因为在以上四个选项中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即英语中习惯上不说 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth。测试精编1. Since the first spacemission, many communication satellites _.A. was launched B. are launched C. have bee
20、n launched D. had been launched2. What kind of advice _ you?A. has gave B. was gave C. had been given to D. has given3. The slave _ from morning till night.A. madeto work B. was made working C. was made worked D. was made to work4. The construction of thelaboratory_ by the end of July.A. must be completing B. must completeC. must have completed D. must have been completed5. Your proposal _ by thecommitteesoon.A. is discussed B. has been discussedC. is going to be discussed D. will have been discussed答案1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C学科网（北京）股份有限公司