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1、2022年哈尔滨市广播电视大学自考英语（二） 练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality （守卫地盘的天性）are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans
2、share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate （天生的） survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression
3、, violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Relig
4、ious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical （道德上 的）patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that.A、it threatens the existing social systemsB、it is inf
5、luenced by societyC、it has roots in religious conflictsD it is directed against institutions of law【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性是 learned behavioro可以知道此题的答案应该就在本段的后面局部。接下来的第二句话即 说人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约:The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give
6、shape to aggressive behavior,将其定型为侵略性行为。her run for 2008 presidency.Q: Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao问题句说迄今为止在美国没有一个女人曾经被选举为 总统”。本段说的是“1969年，美国总统Richard Nixon很有信心地预测：在下一 个50年里，我们将会看见一个女总统，这或许比你想象的更快些、今天距离 Nixon总统给出的最终期限已经不远
7、了，美国人现在正关注这可能性。相邻语句 的句意相关，显然，定冠词结构the possibility指答案相关句中提到的可能出现 美国女总统从该句中可以推断出从1969年到现在为止，美国还没有出现女 总统。因此问题句提供了正确信息。第20题【单项选择题】2008.04 The vehicle was traveling at speeds 90 miles per hour.A、in addition toB、in view ofC、in excess ofD、in search of【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查短语辨析。那辆车以超过每小时90英里的速度行驶。A. 除之外、例外；B.由看来
8、、有鉴于；C.过分、超出；D.寻找、追 求。第21题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. . Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very10 fast, the other slow.A、 It tells us not
9、 to use the injured part until it heals.B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord （脊 髓）to the brain, and back down again.C、The first message is the warning signal.D、The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.【正确答案】B【答案解析】第一句讲的是疼痛的感觉是由两种信号signa
10、ls组成的，所以紧接 着就提到两种信号的传播路线。B项恰恰照应了首句意思。第22题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Its now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household. However, people who do get married are marrying at a late
11、r age and divorcing more often.A、Theres more pressure to get married nowadays.B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C、 It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.D、More and more Americans are living alone.【
12、正确答案】B【答案解析】前句中提到经济独立有可能造成保持一个人的家庭生活，B中的 妇女有好的工作，增加了单身的人数与前句内容正好呼应。第23题【单项选择题】He shook hands with the visitors as to convey his apology.A、by such a wayB、for the wayC、in such a way11D、on the way【正确答案】C【答案解析】in such a way表示以这样的一种方式”。第24题【单项选择题】阅读选择】Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money
13、and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean
14、has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun!ln the paragraph, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam are mentioned.A、to show that they are not good cities in terms o
15、f geography and climateB、to tell us how wealthy their residents areC、to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beautyD、to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle【正确答案】A【答案解析】该段中所列举的三个城市都具有阴冷日短的气候特点，这些不利的 地理气候条件使得当地居民向往阳光充足的地方。四个选项中，选项A最接近题o第25题【单项选择题
16、】In the original test, all the animals in a test group are given a substance halfof them die.A、unlessB、untilC、lestD、provided12【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。until：直到。符合句意，表示given a substance 持续至Ihalf of them die。第26题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the soci
17、al and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP（人均国内生产总值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower haft of the league at 60th. Q: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey.A、
18、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。问题句说美国位于前十个国家的行列。The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP （人均国 内生产总值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey.该句说美国的人均国内生产总值排名第2,仅位于卢森 堡之后，因此美国在这项调查中位于第13位。显然问题句的说法与该句的说法 不一致，因此判断问题句“错误。第27题【单项选择题】阅读选择In the next stage, from three to five
19、 years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys; painting, scribbling（涂鸦）and making things; Sand and water pla
20、y; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others .We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity.A、when he is two.13B、when he is around four.C、 when he is six.D、when he is eight.【正确答案】B【答案解析】 根据 In the next stage, from th
21、ree to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds可以得出答案是B。第28题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The riches of the sea yet to be developed by mans technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.A
22、ccording to the author, technology is important because.A、resources on land are running short in ten yearsB、man can use it to explore the deeper seaC、it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD、ancient people used it to explore the sea【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段第一句作者提到The riches of the sea yet to be developed by ma
23、ns technology are impressive,人类利用技术可以开发的海洋资源是惊人的。 段末说至！J： Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.然而，大量有价值的矿物均还埋藏于海底。如铁，铜等等。其他三 项都没有提到。第29题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names
24、 were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability（不可预知）factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist （性另U歧视的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.The main consideration of using14 males and fema
25、les names for hurricanes is.A、the timely （及时的）discoveryB、its uncertaintyC、sex equalityD、 its connection with humans【正确答案】c【答案解析】依靠原文（利用（male, female） names作为答案线索词）中最后 一句判断答案为C （与性别有关）。第30题【单项选择题】【I闻读选择】You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can he
26、lp, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour.
27、 This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should.A、change his energy cycleB、overcome his lazinessC、get up earlier than usualD、go to bed earlier【正确答案】c（答案解析】此题要求读者找出本段中的最后两句，并联系本段开头两
28、句的意思, 作出正确判断。本段开头说，虽然你无法改变自己的能量周期，但你可以使你 的生活适合这一周期。Dr. Kleitman认为经常性的行为（对你的能量周期）能起作 用。”最后两句又说，”.rise before your usual hour.work better at your low point. （如果你在上午处于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么 你就要比平时早起。这并不改变你的周期，但你可以在低潮时得到能量，工作得 更好。）因此选项C是正确答案。15第31题【单项选择题】The volleyball match was televised on CCTV.A、aliv
29、eB lifeC、liveD、lively【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查live的形似词辨析。live可以作副词，意思是：实况转播 地。符合句意。第32题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that
30、appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.One form of lightning that is ball lightning.A、occurs most infrequentlyB、is shifted sideways by strong windsC、is often hidden from our viewD、is estimated at 20 millions a year【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段文字与题目相关的句子是：Ball lightning, t
31、he rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball., 关键词是 rarest （rare的最高级形式）与infrequently很少发生,少有表达相同的意思。第33题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel, they never used it. Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising i
32、s that 16they suddenly abandoned（抛弃）many of the cities and built new ones in the jungle. Some time around AD900, Mayan civilization collapsed. By the year 1200, their last great capital, Chichen Itza, was deserted.One of the most surprising findings aboutMayas was that.A、 they developed accurate sys
33、tem measuring time.B、 they knew how to build pyramids with stones.C、 they deserted their cities and moved to new ones.D、 they built cities which they never lived in.【正确答案】c【答案解析】对应点为What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned many of the cities and built new ones in the jungle.是对原文语
34、意进行了 转化，最高级代替了比拟级。第34题【单项选择题】2009.10 he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely.A、AsB、WhenC、WhileD、Since【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查状语从句的附属连词。【译文】尽管（虽然）他有许多朋 友，但他常常感到孤独。第35题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The system has several advantages. Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which tends to disturb the mother shee
35、p that are about to give birth. Instead, they can stay inside, watching by remote control. If there is no problem, they stay away from the sheep. But when they are needed they can quickly go out to help, or to scare away foxes. The experiment is popular with shepherds17 because it means that they do
36、 not have to spend all their time outdoors waiting for the lambs to arrive in freezing weather.From the passage, we learn that walking among the sheep.A、is more popular with shepherds than watching TV insideB、can help the mother sheep to give birth to more lambsC、is the best way to protect the sheep
37、D usually disturbs the mother sheep that will give birth【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据本段第二句话Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which tends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth.KT知 D 项正确。第36题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competiti
38、on for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?AII of the following are possibl
39、e effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT.A、 Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B、 More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C The job market would be more competitive.D、 It would be more difficult for young people to be pr
40、omoted to top positions.【正确答案】B【答案解析】是非判断题。对照原文第九自然段On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs.排除选项 C； It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job,排除选项 D； And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 1
41、25-year-old boss?排 除选项A；答案是B。18第37题【单项选择题】2007.04 The book fair has received a positive from readers.A、resultB、 responseC settlementD solution【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。response：反映，反响。result：结果，后果。 settlement：殖民,移民,定居。solution：解决；解答。根据句意，应该选responseo a positive response： 良好的反映。第38题【单项选择题】2007.04)The voll
42、eyball match was televised on CCTV.A、alive B life C、live D、lively 【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查live的形似词辨析。live可以作副词，意思是：实况转播 地。符合句意。第39题【单项选择题】2010.04 We have greatly the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion. A stimulatedB、perceivedC、obscuredD、simplified19第2题【单项选择题】【2009.01 What he told us was more o
43、f a(n)than a reality.A、illusionB、demonstrationC illustrationD、reputation【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。句意:他告诉我们的更可能是幻想而不是现实。 考查名词词义。A幻想，错误观念；B演示，证明；C图解，实例；D名声， 名誉。第3题【单项选择题】2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard.A、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析
44、。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第4题【单项选择题】2009.04 Dont trust everything you have read in the newspapers.A、whichB、 thatC asD、what【正确答案】D答案解析译文】按照主席的提议我们已经大大地简化了步骤。【试题分析1 此题考查词义辨析。【详细解答】 动词的词义选取。第40题【单项选择题】阅读选择】The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of la
45、w. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying ou
46、t judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is resp
47、onsible for imposing punishment. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is.A、to control violence within a societyB、to protect the world from chaosC、to free society from the idea of revengeD、to give the government absolute power【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段的第一句话 The violence within a society is c
48、ontrolled through institutions of law是此题的答案。第41题【单项选择题】2008.04 The government finally all the documents relating to the war.A、releasedB、specializedC、realizedD、 supposed20【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查动词意义区分。A”公开发表、公布或发布（新闻） B专 门从事、专攻 C意识到、领悟 D假定、猜测。整句话的意思是：政府最 终公布了与这场战争有关的全部文件。第42题【单项选择题】【2009.7 An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work.A、personallyB、scarcelyC、respectivelyD respon