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1、考点考点：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择 (1)that (1)that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况互换，但在下列情况引导词只用引导词只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。当先行词为当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.All that can be done has been done.b.I am sure she has s
2、omething(that)you can borrow.c.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时修饰时：Ive read all the books(that)you gave me.考点考点：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best book(that)Ive e
3、ver read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the last 修饰时。修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定的先行词时，这个定语从句要用语从句要用that
4、that而不用而不用who(whom)who(whom)和和whichwhich引导。如：引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools（that）he had visited.先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who,which,what 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that而不用而不用who,(whom)和和which引导。引导。考点考点：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of
5、us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me?当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语时：Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.WhichWhich可以引导可以引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句，可用于，可用于介词介词后，其后，其先行词可是一个词先行词可是一个词,也可是整个也可是整
6、个主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。1 She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 考点考点：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择（2 2 2 2）只用）只用）只用）只用whichwhichwhich
7、which的情况的情况的情况的情况 B B 1.that 1.that 与与whichwhich1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand?先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,nonesomething,much,little,none等不定代词，引等不定代词，引导定语从句用导定语从句用thatthatthatthat1.This is t
8、he best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。1.that 1.that 与与whichwhichIve read all the books _ you lent me.that先行词被先行词被any,some,no,any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last ve
9、ry,only,last 修饰时修饰时,引导引导定语从句用定语从句用that that。1.that 1.that 与与whichwhich1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc.先行词中既有人又有事物时，先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that.that.thatthat
10、 1.that 1.that 与与whichwhich1.Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?WhoWho做先行词时，做先行词时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用thatthatthat 1.that 1.that 与与whichwhich1.Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very muc
11、h.whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事物在介词后面，指事物用用whichwhich，指人用，指人用whomwhom 1.that 1.that 与与whichwhich4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用用“数词数词/代词代词+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.The
12、y live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.考点：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的可以用适当的介词介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which 介
13、词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。eg.1.I wont forget the date when(on which)I was born.2.This is the room where(in which)I lived.=This is the room which I lived in.3.I dont know the reason why(for which)he havent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days when(in which)they l
14、ived in Tianjin.考点：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定思考？思考？是否所有的介词是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting(_ I looked)was painted by me.at whichThe book(_ I heard)was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen(_ she wrote that book)can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ (flowe
15、rs are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film(_I fell asleep)was very boring.结论：结论：只有当介词只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。时，才能用关系副词代替。1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the book_
16、 which you asked注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前 forThe old man whom I am looking after is better.如何判断介词如何判断介词2）、看定语从句中形容词与介）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.with如何判断介词如何判断介词3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词与先行词 搭配搭配This is our classroom ,_ which there is
17、 a teachers desk.in the front of如何判断介词如何判断介词whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句表示所属关系表示所属关系 The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whose3 Whose 的使用的使用There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.The backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of wh
18、oseWhose 的使用的使用考点考点：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句对这两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用也可以用which.He failed to the exam,as(=which)is natural.She seems a scientist,as(=which)in fact she is.Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.2 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用、如果从句在主句前，这时要用asas而不用而不用which
19、which引导引导 定语从句。如：定语从句。如：As we all know,his parents were killed in the war.As we all know,the earth is round.3.用于用于the sameas,suchas，asas,soas中，中，一般用一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有代表前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which没有此没有此意思，
20、从句中的动词常是意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。等。He won the match,as we had expected.He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.The police were looking for him,as he thought.考点考点：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动
21、语态，如如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用结果，则用which.a.He cheated his friend of mach money,which was very d
22、isgraceful.b.He came back late,which made his mother worried.考点考点：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句The earth is round,_ we all know._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as as,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的词一般是固定的4 as 的使用的使用This is
23、the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 的使用的使用This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。本书。定语从句定语从句as 的使用的使用This is such an interesting book _we
24、all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。结果状语从句结果状语从句as 的使用的使用1.It is very useful to master a foreign language,_ has been said before.which 2 _ everyone hoped,Mary has won the first prize.Asas as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，句末，而而which 引导定语从句不能
25、引导定语从句不能放在句首放在句首.as译为正如，好像。，译为正如，好像。，which which 则没有此义。则没有此义。as 的使用的使用1._was natural,he married Jenny.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_ Greek letters.A.as,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately.A.that B.as C.which
26、D.who4.She is very good at dance,_everybody knows.A.that B.which C.who D.as5.It was raining,_was a pity.A.what B.that C.the which D.which6._has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As7.We do the same work_they do.A.which B.as C.than D.likeDACDDDB8.The earth is round
27、,_we all know.A.that B.which C.who D.as 结论结论:as,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都如都 指前一句话的意思指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换二者可以互换.as 引导的从引导的从 句可以放在句首句可以放在句首,as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”.一类的含义一类的含义.与之连用的词有与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,point out等等.此外此外,在在the sameas such.as.中中as引导的是限制性定语从句引导的是限制性定语从句.D考点考点:如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系
28、代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days(_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _(a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _(Spielberg made his first real film)._P
29、lease give me the reason _(you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _(you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _(you first met your girlfriend.）_where2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，关系代词，如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。考点考点:如何判
30、定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house _(the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _(they built in 1987)stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of the people _(I know)were killed in the earthquake.whowhom that /_ _My father was born in the yea
31、r _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _(flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _(new China was founded).whenThe window(_ was opened this morning)has been broken.Which thatThe
32、meeting (_ will be held next week)is very important.Which that考点考点:如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词5 when,where,why 与与that,which 的区分的区分）Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.）Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.）Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.）This is the museu
33、m _I visited last year.whenwhichthatwhichthatwhichthat5 when,where,why 与与that,which 的区分的区分 This is the reason _(=for which)I didnt come here.The reason _ she gave was not true.whythatwhich/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用中作主语或宾语，用which或或that引导定语引导定语从句。从句。1A.Is this the factory_you v
34、isited last year?B.Is this factory_you visited last year?a.that b.where c.in which d.the one2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who_ working in China.B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_working in China.a.is b.has c.have d.are3.A.Dont discuss questions such_those.B.Lets discuss on
35、ly the questions_ we are interested in.a.which b.that c.as d.about which4.A.All_I need is a good rest.a.What b.All what B._I need is a good rest.c.that d.Which addacbca5.A.Pisa is a city,_ has a leaning tower.B.Pisa is a city,_there is a leaning tower.a.which b.that c.where d.there6.A.This is the pl
36、ace_we visited last year.B.This the place_we worked last year.a.which b.where c.in that d.there7.A.The news_he told us was very exciting.B.He has brought us the news_our team has won the game.a.what b.as c.that d.where8.It is in a box_I have hidden my money.Well go_we are needed.a.that b.in which c.
37、where d.in itacabcc ac结论结论:在实践中要注意在实践中要注意定语从句与其它从句的定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别结构上的细微差别,能够能够正确区分使用它们正确区分使用它们.6 定语从句中的动词的数定语从句中的动词的数He is the only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise hashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词Corre
38、ct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.3.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.tothat4.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.5.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.whichwhoCorrect the
39、sentences:6.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.7.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.thatwhyCorrect the sentences:8.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.givesCorrect the sentences:9.Taiwan,that we know,belongs
40、to China.10.The bike by which I travelled was his.asonCorrect the sentences:Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉去掉)the one_to_
41、which5.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8.It is the one of the best films which have
42、 been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that_As练习题练习题1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD
43、、the oneD3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、This is the very factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learn
44、t in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA9、The man _ you are talking is in the next roo
45、m.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at,many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB12、I，_ you goo
46、d friend,will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D13、His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD14、They have decided to finish their work,_,I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC15、I dont like the way _
47、he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC17、There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、
48、whyD、whatC19、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA20、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，众所周知，20082008年北京将举办奥运年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学
49、好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句注意：要使用定语从句.As is known to all,Beijing will host As is known to all,Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games.English,the 2008 Olympic Games.English,which is an international language,which is an international language,plays an important part in co
50、mmunicating plays an important part in communicating with foreigners.We Senior Three students with foreigners.We Senior Three students should catch this opportunity to learn it well,should catch this opportunity to learn it well,by which we can make our contribution to by which we can make our contr