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1、简单句、并列句和复合句英语的句子种类主要包括简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句是并列句和复合句的构成基 础。简单句、并列句和复合句的基本形式：简单句：主语+谓语并列句：简单句A+ +简单句B复合句：主句（简单句A） +从句（含有引导词的简单句B）或从句（含有引导词的简单句B） + 主句（简单句A）如：One must show honor to ones parents.（简单句）Alice was honest with her master and she did all the things honestly for him.（并歹lj句）Everyone knows that Yao Mi
2、ng is a known basketball player.（复合句）谓语动词谓语是英语句子中的核心成分，谓语主要由动词来充当，它有时态和语态的变化。两个 或两个以上动词构成并列谓语，要在后两个谓语动词之间加上适当的连词（如：and/so/but）。练习：a.请判断以下是不是句子（“是”用“上表示，“不是”用x”表示）。（）1 .There was a pretty toy on the table.（）2.It being a good-looking clever dog.（）3.He be about to tell us the fact.（ ）4.Because of his c
3、oming late.（）5.Book me a single room.b.请判断以下句子是对还是错，对的打“小，如错，请改正。1. Seen from the top of the mountain, and the city looks quite small.2. The weather is fine, well go out for a picnic.3. He has three sons, but none of them takes good care of him.4. There arc 5 teachers will go with us.5. This is your
4、 last chance, so taking hold of il.6. If you are quick enough, you can catch the last bus to the town.7. China will make greater and greater progress, this is known to us all.8. I drop in on you tonight.9. He didnt pass the exam made his parents very angry.10. I wish him write me a letter soon.简单句只有
5、一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.We help and learn from each other .（并列谓语，只有个主语，仍为简单句。）并列句由并列连词（and. but, or等）或分心（：）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注 意,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同。如：You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途
6、是光明的，道路是曲折的。 表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only.but also., neither.nor等连接。The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.He not only stole my money, but he also look my watch away. 表示选择,常用的连词有or, eitheror，otherwise等。Hurry up, or yoir 11 miss the train. 表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while,
7、 when 等。He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。August is the lime of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.复合句复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主调结构作另一个的成分“（而并列句的两 个主谓结构间是并列关系，而不
8、是附属关系。）当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。1. It is wrong.What he said is wrong.2. The boy over there is my brother.The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.3. I was doing my homework at six.I was doing my homework when he came in.从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出：一个句子如果含有从句,如名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、 定语从句和状语从句等，这个句
9、子就是复合句。复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接。判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.There is a chair in this room, isnt there?My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.He is in
10、 Class One and I am in Class Two.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.Right now it is the summer
11、 vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.Although
12、the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别说出以下复合句中，where引导的是什么从句。You can find it where you left it.()Tell me the address where he lives.()I dont know where he conies from.()Where he was bom is not known yet.()This place is where they once lived.()一个句子有
13、两个主谓结构时，要考虑它们之间的连接问题一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。 这时我们就要考虑连接词的问题。直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。这时，我们有四 种方法来改正这个错句：改为并列句:我们可以使用and. so, but等并列连词来把它们连接起来。改为复合句:加上附属连词，把其中的一个分句改为状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句。改为简单句:把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉，从而使其变成独立主格结构。改标点: 把逗号改为分号（根据句意有时也可用冒号、破折号等）。I like English, my English is very good.xI l
14、ike English and my English is very good.N （并列句）As I like English, my English is very good. （含有原因状语从句的复合句）I like English; my English is good. V （用分号）I liking English, my English is very good. Y（把一个分句改为独立主格结构）I have a house, its windows are very big. xI have a house and its windows arc very big. V （并列
15、句）I have a house, whose windows are very big. 4 （含有定语从句的复合句）I have a house; its windows are big. 7 （用分号）利用英语句子结构规律做以下各题。1. Five people won thc“Chinas green finger award, a title to ordinary people for theircontributions to environmental protection.A. is givenB. was givenC. being given D. given2. All
16、 the preparations for the task, and were ready to start.A. completedB. completeC. had been completed D. have been completed3.1 was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, mostwere from Germany.A. study; of whom B. study; of themC. studying; of them D. studying; of whom4
17、. Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress,with smiles.A. their faces are shiningB. whose faces shiningC. their faces shiningD. faces shining whose5. Many students around, I explained the story into details.A. stood B. standing C. to stand D.wcrc standinghave five friends, some of arc bu
18、sinessmen.A. that B. whom C. they D. themhave five friends, but none of arc businessmen.A. That B. whom C. they D. them8.at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To look B. Looking C. Having looked D. Look补充小知识：及物动词(vt)&不及物动词(vi.)及物动词：实义动词后面跟宾语时
19、,动词为不及物动词：实义动词后面不跟宾语时,动词为The door opened, (open后面没跟宾语,此时，open是不及物动词。)He opened the door, (open后面有宾语the door,此时,open是及物动词。)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。注意:1 .有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如：The meeting began at six. We began the meeting at six. 2 .有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如：The man walked awa
20、y, (walk 不及物动词，意为“走)He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash 及物动词，洗”)The clothes washes well, (wash 不及物动词，“耐洗”)3 .英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。如：He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。)指出以下句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填VL,不及物填vi.。Most birds can fly.()T
21、he children are flying kites in the park.( )It happened yesterday.( )My watch stopped.()The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.()She spoke at the meeting this morning.( )Shall I begin at once?()She began working as a teacher after she left school.()()When did they leave Beijing?()They left l
22、ast week.()实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如：He lives quite near, （live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。）I like reading. （like “喜炊”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）I bought a pen yesterday, （bought买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。）助动词助动词的“助是帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、 疑问包?查定包。倒装旬和帮助强遇的词与这丝词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独 作谓语。Does he lik
23、e English? （does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。）He doesnt have lunch at home. （docs只是帮助构成否认句，没有具体意义,是助动词。）The boy is crying. （is用来帮助构成现在进行时，和crying 一起作谓语，是助动词。）He has arrived, （has用来帮助构成现在完成时，和arrived 一起作谓语，是助动词。）I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting 一起作谓 语，都是助动词。）Trees are planted
24、in spring. （are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词。）The house has been pulled down. （has been帮助构成时态和语态,是助动词。）He did come yesterday.（他昨天确实来过。did起强调作用，没有具体意义，是助动词。）If he had come yesterday, 1 wouldnt have made such a mistake. （had, have 帮助构成虚拟语气， 是助动词，属于谓语的一局部。）So did he love his mother that he bought her many prese
25、nts on her birthday.（他如此爱他的母亲 以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。did只是帮助构成倒装句，没有具体意义， 是助动词。）因此可以看出，常见的助动词为do, be, have,它们为基本助动词。一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。He did his homework at seven oclock.（did 单独作谓语,意为“做”，是实义动词。）Did he do his homework yesterday? （did是助动词,帮助构成一般疑问句，do是实义动词，意 为“做”，是实义动词。）He has had b
26、reakfast. （has是助动词,帮助构成现在完成时，had是实义动词,意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。）指出以下单词是实义动词还是助动词。Does （） he like （） swimming?He does （） like （） swimming.Where does( ) he live ()?He does () some washing after work.He has () had ( )supper already.The bridge has( ) bccn( ) built( ) now.I have () been ( )waiting( ) for
27、you all day.He was () struck ( )by a stone.情态动词情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独传谓语，要和实义动词二起作谓语。情态动词同基本助动 词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：He can swim across the river, (can 的词义为“能够”)You must stay at home, (must 词义为“必须”)I might leave tomorrow, (might 的词义为“或许”)情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如：He/I/We can swim.谓语和非谓语在英语中，个主谓结构中只能行个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式,即：在前面加to构成动词不定式(目的/将来)，或在后面加-ing构成动名词或现在分词(主 动)，或在后面加-ed构成过去分词(被动)。也就是说，非谓语悬指：动词不定式、动名词、现在分诃和这去分词