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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点专项训练带答案单项选择题（精选试题一名师出品）1、I hold a firm that the visiting team （客队）will lose.A. dietB. strengthC. beliefD. award答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我坚信客队会输。A.diet饮食；B.strength强度；C.belief信念；D.award奖励。分析句 子可知，根据that the visiting team （客队）will lose”可知此处表示“信念、相信”,应选C项。小提示：2、Cosplay, short for costume play, is
2、a of costume creation and role-playing, and its a big part ofthe at Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego.A. mix.sceneB. mix.sceneryC. confusion.sceneD. confusion.scenery答案：A解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：Cosplay （costume play的简称）是服装表演的缩写，是服装创作和角色扮演的混淆, 它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展（Comic-Con）的重要组成局部。A.mix
3、混合scene场景：B.mix混 合.scenery 风景；C.confusion 混淆.scene 场景；D.confusion 混淆.scenery 风景。由 Cosplay 和 costume creation and role-playing 可知，Cosplay 是 costume creation and role-playing 的混合，因此第一空是 mix；由 at Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego可知，它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展 （Comic-Con）的重:要组成局部，动漫展是一个场景
4、，因此第二空是scene, scenery指的是自然风景，应选A。3、To his parents, their son always makes them at his study.A. disappointment; disappointedB. disappointed; disappointingC. disappointing; disappointedD. disappointing; disappointment答案：A 解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：现在领导层想要展望未来，为本世纪余卜.的时间制定策略。concern担忧，关心； signal信号，预兆;strategy策略;a
5、ccident意外事故。根据上文的look forward展望”可推断,领导层想要展 望未来，制定策略。应选C。31、Due to widespread of 5G technology, more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried out acrosslong distances.A. occupationB. applicationC. qualificationD. composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为5G技术的广泛运用，更多的远程外科手术就有了跨长距离实施的可能了。A. occupatio
6、n 职业，占领；B. application 运用；C. qualification 资格，授权；D. composition 作文。根据句子结构 和意思可知，这里需要的是“5G技术的广泛运用”的意思，考杳“运用”对应的名词，在句子中做介词短语Due to”的宾语。应选B。32、His hard work made him very successful in his job.A. NP AdjpB. NP AdvpC. Adjp NPD. NP NP答案：C解析：考杳句子结构中词性构成类型。句意：他的努力工作使他在工作上非常成功。第一个划线局部very successful 是形容词短语，英
7、文缩写是Adjp,副词very修饰形容词successful,该短语在句中作宾语补足语。第二个划 线局部his job.是一个名词短语，英文缩写是NP,该短语作介词in的宾语。应选C。33、We are having a debate over the of smoking on our lungs.A. gainB. awardC. opportunityD. impact答案：D 解析:10 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在讨论吸烟对我们肺部的影响。A. gain好处，利益；B. award奖品，奖金: C. opportunity机会；D. impact影响。根据句意，空处需填名词imp
8、act,表示“影响。应选D项。34、They are building the bridge in with another company.A. constructions. comparisonC. contrastD. association答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们正在和另一个公司合作修建桥。A.construction修建，构造；B parison Lt 较；C.contrast比照;Dissociation合伙。根据句意，本句考查固定短语搭配in association with意为“和.合 作。应选D项。35、To develop advanced technol
9、ogy, we must first develop in the young people.A. resourceB. opportunityC. facilityD. creativity答案：D解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：要开展先进技术，首先要培养青年人的创造力。A. resource资源；B. opportunity 机会；C. facility设备、设施;D. creativity创造力。根据To develop advanced technology”可知，开展先进技术 首先要开展创造力。应选D项。36、 If we want to achieve success or get
10、over the difficulties on the way, we shouldnt focus too much on the side of our life .A. positives. advantageC. negativeD. disadvantage答案：C解析：考查形容词/名词辨析。句意：如果我们想取得成功或克服路上的困难，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一 面。A. positive积极的;B. advantage优势（名词）；C. negative消极的；D.disadvantage劣势。根据空前的 we shouldnt focus too much on可知，我们不
11、应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。应选Co1137、He is under great because of his new job.A. stressB. strengthC. streamD. push答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为新工作，他现在的压力很大。A.stress压力；B. strength力量；C. stream小河;D.push推。under great stress表示：压力很大。由此可知A符合语境,应选A。38、It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB.
12、 magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为&3级。A. detail细节；B. magnitude震级;C.honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude.,应选B。39、is very important in our everyday life.A. GreetB. GreetingC. GreetingsD. Greets答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：问候在我们的日常生活中是非常重要的。此处作.主语，表示“问候应用名词greeting,根据 后文is可知用单数
13、。应选B。40、Anyone cant leave school without the head teachers.A. permissionB. permitC. possibilityD. prediction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有校长的允许，任何人都不能离开学校。A.permission允许；B. permit许可证；12C.possibility可能性；D.prediction预测。without ones permission未经许可为固定短语，符合句意。应选A项。41、I missed the first of the play.A. sceneB. nove
14、lC. envelopeD. patience答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我错过了这出戏的第一幕。A.scene场景：B.novel小说；C.envelope信封；D.patience耐心。根据of the play可知，此处指的是戏剧的第一幕,应选A。小提示:42 We will explore a different to gathering information.A. adventureB. approachC. advanceD. addition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure探险；冒险；B.approach
15、方 法；C.advance进步；D.addition附加物；补充物。短语：approach to sth.z/.的方法“，此处指收集信息的一 种不同的方法，应选B，43、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B解析
16、：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的;B pany同伴，former前者 （的）；C.hatred 憎恨，formal 正式的；D. virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据Be as careful of the books13you read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选“同伴：根据the latter”可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照,所以选“前者”,应选B。44、What the doctor warned us is t
17、hat the sleep may cause anger, poor memory and poor concentration.A. want inB. demand onC. lack inD. lack of答案：D解析：考查短语辨析。句意：医生警告我们的是，睡眠缺乏会引起愤怒、记忆力差和注意力不集中。A. want in动词 短语想要进来；B. demand on名词短语需要;C. lack in ,错误表达,正确形容词短语为be lacking in在.缺少；D.lackof名词短语“缺少。根据句子结构，设空处缺少名词短语，与sleep一同作从句的主语，表示睡眠缺乏”。应选D。小提
18、小：45、The age of the students ranged from 17 to 21 with a (n)of 19.A. averageB. usualC. normalD. regular答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生的年龄从17岁到21岁不等，平均年龄为19岁。A. average平均；B. usual通 常；C. normal正常;D. regular常客，主力。结合“from 17 to 21可知，此处指“平均年龄是19岁，应选A项。46、He is a wonderful of mine and we can talk for hours on end.A
19、. componentB. committeeC. communityD. companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上儿个小时。A. component组成局部；B.committee 委员会；C. community 社区；D. companion 同伴。根据前文He及后文we can talk for hours on end可知，此处指“同伴；伙伴应选D项。14 47 One difficult task faced by both developed and developing countries is to guarantee the
20、of naturalresources at the lowest possible environmental cost.A. inspectionB. exploitationC. contradictionD. exception答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴旺国家和开展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自 然资源。A. inspection 检查;B. exploitation 利用，开发；C. contradiction 矛盾；D. exception 例外。根据语境和 后文“of natural resources at the lowest poss
21、ible environmental cost”可知，此处指自然资源的开发。应选 B 项。48、They put an in a newspaper looking for rock musicians.A. mapB. advertiseC. informationD. advertisement答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C.information信息；D. advertisement广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians”可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 乐家，不定冠词
22、an后需接名词advertisement。应选D。49、Jim has changed a lot this year and has made a good on others.A. stressB. confusionC. impressionD. campus答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉姆今年变化很大，给别人留下了很好的印象。A.stress压力；B.confusion困惑：C.impression印象；D.campus校园。由前面的Jim has changed a lot可知,句子表示“吉姆今年变化很大,给别 人留下了很好的印象”,make a go很impression
23、 on sb.是固定短语，意为“给某人留下很好的印象”,应选C。50、You shouldnt have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n).A. apologyB. favourC. debtD. attempt15答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A. apology抱歉；B.favour偏爱；C.debt债务;D.attempt试图。根据so rude to your friend可知，此处应该是因为对朋友的不礼 貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。51、Because of
24、 the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. investigationC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A. schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查：C. performance 表现；D. impression 印象。根据heavy
25、 workload of Grade 12可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。52、The on Sarahs face told me that she got annoyed.A. confidenceB. expressionC. appearanceD. impression答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎拉脸上的表情告诉我她生气了。A.confidence信心；B.expression表情；C.appearance外貌;D.impression印象。根据told me that she got annoyed”可知,此处是指脸上的表情。应选 B。53、How to rais
26、e the awareness of environmental protection has become one of the most important to bediscussed next meeting.A. errorsB. performancesC. issuesD. behaviors答案：C16解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如何提高环保意识已成为下次会议要讨论的最重要的问题之一。A. errors错误；B. performances 表演；C. issues 问题，重要议题；D. behaviors 行为。根据句意和句中“How to raise the awarene
27、ss of environmental protection可知，如何提高环保意识”应该是会议上要讨论的问题，issue意为问题，重:要 议题，符合语境，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为“最.之一，故空格处用issue的复数形 式issues”。应选C项。54、There come two buses. The former is very crowded, but there is much room in.A. lateB. laterC. latterD. the latter答案:D解析：考杳名词。句意：来了两辆公共汽车。前面一辆非常拥挤，但后面一辆有很大的空间。
28、A. late迟（的），作 形容词或副词；B. later后来（的），作形容词或副词；C. latter后者（的），作形容词或名词；D. the latter 后者。根据There come two buses. The forme门s very crowded”可知，这里特指两辆公共汽车的后面一辆。应选 DoThe fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased of andsupport for teaching among the public and nat
29、ion.A. realizationB. professionC. recognitionD. acquisition答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。 A.realization 实现：B.profession 专业;C.recognition 成认，认可;D.acquisition（知识、技能等的）获得。根据 are willing to”可知，人们愿意说明大家认可。应选C。56、The company presented him with a gold watch in of his 20 years of good
30、 service.A. achievementB. appreciationC. attentionD. agreement17答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。Achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.attention注意;D.agreement同意。根据句意,他为公司服务感年,给他一块表以示 感谢。应选B。57、The cloth has a of blue and white squares, which is very beautiful.A. paintingB. patternC. sampleD. mo
31、del答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这块布有蓝白方格的图案，非常漂亮。A. painting绘画；B. pattern模式，图案；C. sample样品；D. model模范。根据后文“of blue and white squares”指布有蓝白方格的图案,应用pattern。应选 Bo58、The English teacher asked the students to give a of the text.A. balletB. seniorC. generationD. summary答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语老师要求学生们给出课文概要。A. ballet芭蕾
32、舞；B. senior较年长的人：C. generation 一代人；D. summary 概要。由上下文“The English teacher asked the students to give a of thetext.可知，老师要求学生给出课文的摘要，应选D。59、To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel.A. consumptions. collectionC. commitmentD. distribution答案：A解析：18
33、考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption 消耗；B. collection 收藏品；C. commitment 承诺；D. distribution 分配“根据上文To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消 耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。应选A。60、Jerry has been preparing careful
34、ly for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his firstA. rescueB. attemptC. purposeD. request答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备，以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue 营救;B:attempt尝试;C:purpose目的;D:request要求.固定句式at ones first attempt在某人第一次尝试时，结合 句意，应选B。61、Jenny said that she had never thoug
35、ht in her life that she would ever sing .But now, singing in the choir provides from what she calls the “ gray days.A. realityB. reliefC. missionD. fault答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的 灰暗日子A.reality现实：B.relief减轻，解除；C.mission任务；D.fault错误。根据句意以及But now可知, 但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子
36、。应选B项。62、Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of.A. brotherhoodB. brotherC. brothersD. brotherly答案：A19解析: 考杳名词和形容词。句意：令他父母失望的是，他们的儿子总是让他们对他的学习感到失望。to ones disappointment意为令某人失望的是，为固定搭配，此处用名词dis叩pointment表示失望作介词to的宾 语。be disappointed at意为对感到失望”,为固定搭配,形容词disappointed意为“感到失望的”
37、,说明人 的性质状态，此处作宾语them的宾语补足语；形容词disappointing (令人失望的)说明事物的性质状态。应选 Ao4、great fun we had snowmen!A. What a, makingB. What a, to makeC. What, to makeD. What, making答案:D解析：考杳感叹句和非谓语动词。句意：我们堆雪人是多么有趣啊!”做某事开心”是have fun (in)doing sth.此处用 makingo句子是what+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他！结构的感叹句，句中名词fun 是不可数名词，前面不用
38、不定冠词。应选D。5、We take plagiarism (票4窃)very seriously and, as a result, our publishing platform includes a comprehensive system to ensure.A. adaptationB. maturityC. originalityD. distinctiveness答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们非常重视剽窃，因此，我们的出版平台包括一个全面的系统，以确保原创性。 A.adaptation 适应；B.maturity 成熟;C.originality 独创性，原创性;D.
39、distinctiveness 独特性。结合句意，重视 剽窃，禁止剽窃，为的是确保原创，空处意思应该是原创性。应选C。6、His natural and wisdom made him very popular among the colleagues.A. charityB. chainC. charmD. chart答案：C 解析：考查名词。句意:一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A. brotherhood兄弟情谊;B. brother兄弟；C. brothers 兄弟（复数）：D. brotherly 兄弟的。根据上文“Soldiers who are fighting togeth
40、er（一起作战的士兵）可知, 一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊，所以此处指兄弟情谊，应用名词brotherhood,应选A。63、While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctantto give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflictB. apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiority答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨
41、析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对.作出回应,conflict冲突，矛盾；B. apply to 把.应用到.，把.施加到.,criticism 批评；C. reactto 对作出反映，threat 威胁;D. reply to M.作 出回兔，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of 和第二句话中的give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 pr
42、aise 相反的是“批评（criticism）”。 所以应该选 B。apply sth. to sb.意为“将.应用到.，将.施加到.该处指 apply the cold wind of criticism to others（将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人）。应选B。64、I want to buy as a birthday gift for my sister.A. some jewelB. a piece of jewelC. a jewelleryD. a piece of jewellery答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我想买一件珠宝作为我妹妹的生日礼物。jewel指宝石
43、，珍宝，一般指的仅仅是宝石； jewellery珠宝首饰,侧重指首饰，为不可数名词,表示一件珠宝应用a piece of jewellery ,应选D“65 He made a quick to the new surroundings. In other words, he was more.20A. adoption, adaptiveB. adaptation, adaptiveC. adapt, adaptableD. adaptation, adaptable答案：D解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A. adoption, ad
44、aptive采用;适应的，常用在专业术语当中;B. adaptation, adaptive适应；适应的;C. adapt, adaptable动词, 适应；能适应的，适应性强的，指在生活中表示适应能力强；D. adaptation, adaptable适应；能适应的，适应 性强的。第一空根据后文to the new surroundings”可知指适应新环境，应用make a quick adaptation；第二空 表示在新环境中“适应能力强”应用形容词adaptableo应选D。66、You didnt do anything wrongyou should have a clear.A
45、. costumeB. corporationC. contestD. conscience答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume戏装；B. corporation公司；C.contest竞赛；D. conscience良心；内疚。根据You didnt do anything wrong ”可知，你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。应选D项。67、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entranceB.
46、 decadeC. committeeD. feedback答案：B解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意:汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年;C. committee委员会：D. feedback反响。根据句意以及前文over the next可知,此处指“在未来十年”。应选B 项。68、In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.21A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie
47、; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除式D项,主语是two towns,是复数,故谓语动词用复数,surrounding周围的C是形容 词,surroundings环境是名词,形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语,应选B。69、Its not necessary to buy any special. Just a pair of good ru
48、nning shoes will do.A. entertainments. announcementC. equipmentD. disappointment答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了。A.entertainment娱乐； B.announcement 公告；C.equipment 设备；D.disappointment 失望。 SZ/Just a pair of good running shoes will do,z 可知，句子说“不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了，因此空格处是“设备，即equipment,应选 Co70、Im pleased