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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点专项训练带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）1、 The little girl was the only in the strong earthquake. I think her was a real wonder.A. survive; survivals, survive; survivorC. survival; survivorD. survivor; survival答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个小女孩是强烈地震中唯一的幸存者。我觉得她能活下来真是个奇迹。A.survive 幸存,survival 幸存;B.survive 幸存,surviv
2、or 幸存者;C.survival 幸存,survivor 幸存者;D.survivor 幸存者, survival幸存。根据句意可知，女孩是唯一的幸存者，第一空是幸存者survivor；第二空处意为她的幸存， 第二空是名词“幸存survival。应选D。2、This country is rich in natural.A. sectionB. reflectC. resourcesD. responsibility答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：这个国家自然资源丰富。A.section局部；B.reflect反射，反响,反思；C.resources资源；D. responsibility责任
3、。结合句意考查固定搭配natural resources,意为：自然资源。应选C。3、Now the leadership wants to look forward, and to develop a for the rest of the century.A. concernB. signalC. strategyD. accident答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在领导层想要展望未来，为本世纪余下的时间制定策略。concern担忧，关心； signal信号,预兆；strategy策略；accident意外事故。根据上文的look forward展望可推断,领导层想要展 望未来，
4、制定策略。应选C。4、Can you see the building clearly in the foggy day? 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个喜欢一个人和爱一个人完全不同的世界。A. difference不同；B.amusement高兴；C. expression表达；D. description描写。根据句子意思可知，like和love是近义词，但是 程度不一样，所以表达出它们的不同。应选A项。30 I am afraid I can not help you as it is beyond my.A. forceB. strengthC. energyD. power答案：D
5、解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐怕我帮不了你的忙，这事我无能为力。A. force武力；B.strength力量；C. energy 能量；D. power 能力。根据上文“I am afraid I can not help you as it is beyond my可知为短语 beyond ones power表示“力所不及。应选D。31、 During the trip to London, what left me the deepest was St. Paul/s Cathedral built many years ago.A. impressionB. panicC. res
6、ourceD. impact答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是多年前修建的圣保罗大教堂。A.impression 印象；B. panic 恐慌；C. resource 资源；D. impact 影响。根据句中“the trip to London”和St. Pauls Cathedral可知，句中陈述的是圣保罗大教堂是伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的景点，impression意为 印象，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。32 To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-s
7、aving measures to reduce fuel.A. consumptionB. collectionC. commitmentD. distribution答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption 消耗；B. collection 收藏品;C. commitment 承诺；D. distribution 分配。根据上文“To fight against global10 warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to red
8、uce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消 耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。应选A。33、Jerry has been preparing carefully for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his firstA. rescueB. attemptC. purposeD. request答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备，以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue 营救;B:attempt尝试;C:purpose目的;
9、D:request要求.固定句式at ones first attempt在某人第一次尝试时，结合 句意，应选B。34、 Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the of their adolescence.A. crisisB. criterionC. causalityD. credibility答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现年15岁的乔治和青少年的的露西亚正处于青春的危机期。A.crisis危机； B.criterion标准；C.causality因果关系；D.credibility
10、可靠性。根据句意和选项可知,他们都处于青春期，有青 春期的问题，所以应选危机。应选A项。35、 Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of.A. brotherhoods. brotherC. brothersD. brotherly答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A. brotherhood兄弟情谊；B.brother兄弟；C.brothers 兄弟（复数）；D. brotherly 兄弟的。根据上文Soldiers who are fighting together（一
11、起作战的士兵）可知, 一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊，所以此处指兄弟情谊，应用名词brotherhood,应选A。1136、 Its a pity that her suggestion met with.A. rejectionB. expectationC. distinctionD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：太遗憾了,她的建议遭到反对。A.rejection反对；B.expectation期待；C.distinction差异;D.cooperation合作。根据Its a pity that”可知建议遭到反对。应选A。37、I want to buy
12、 as a birthday gift for my sister.A. some jewelB. a piece of jewelC. a jewelleryD. a piece of jewellery答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我想买一件珠宝作为我妹妹的生日礼物。jewel指宝石，珍宝，一般指的仅仅是宝石； jewellery珠宝首饰，侧重指首饰，为不可数名词，表示“一件珠宝应用a piece of jewellery。应选D。38、 He made a quick to the new surroundings. In other words, he was more.A. adop
13、tion, adaptiveB. adaptation, adaptiveC. adapt, adaptableD. adaptation, adaptable答案：D解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A. adoption, adaptive采用;适应的，常用在专业术语当中;B.adaptation, adaptive适应；适应的；C. adapt, adaptable动词, 适应；能适应的，适应性强的，指在生活中表示适应能力强；D. adaptation, adaptable适应；能适应的，适应 性强的。第一空根据后文“to the n
14、ew surroundings可知指适应新环境，应用make a quick adaptation；第二空 表示在新环境中“适应能力强应用形容词adaptableo应选D。39、 Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this out of the long-existing discrimination.12A. concepts. assessmentC. identityD. personality答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：男护士很难被雇佣到是因为许多男性出于长期存在的歧视而抵抗这个身份。A.concept
15、观念；B. assessment 评估，评价；C. identity 身份；D. personality 个性，品格。根据空前“Male nurses are difficult to hire”及空后out of the long-existing discrimination”可知，很多男性抵抗男护士这个身份。应选 C 项。40 The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entranceB. decadeC. committeeD. feedback答
16、案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年; C committee委员会;D. feedback反响。根据句意以及前文over the next可知，此处指在未来十年。应选B 项。41、After a careful survey, the hurricane of the house, which was not that severe, compared withneighboring ones, was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars.A. effects
17、B. damageC. ruinsD. crash答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细的调查，飓风对这所房子的破坏，与邻近的房子相比并不严重，估计为1000 美元。A. effects 影响;B. damage 损害、损坏；C. ruins 废墟；D. crash 撞车。根据was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars可知此处在评估飓风对这所房子的破坏程度，应选B。42、 Its not necessary to buy any special. Just a pair of good running shoes will do.A. enter
18、tainmentB. announcementC. equipmentD. disappointment13答案：c 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了。A.entertainment娱乐；B.announcement 公告；C.equipment 设备；D.disappointment 失望。 由“Just a pair of good running shoes will do” 可知，句子说”不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了，因此空格处是设备，即equipment,应选Co43、Im pleased that we do have the
19、to produce so much food.A. frictionB. clueC. capacityD. physician答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我们有能力生产这么多食物。A. friction摩擦力；B.clue线索；C. capacity （领悟或理解、办事）能力；D.physician医师，内科医生。根据前后文句意可知，此处指有能力生产足够的 食物。应选C项。44、 There is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very much.A. girlB. girlsC. girKsD. g
20、irls答案：c解析：考查名词所有格。句意：小女孩的卧室里有一张漂亮的照片。她非常喜欢它。根据句意和空格后bedroom可 知，空格处应用名词所有格，表示小女孩的卧室，根据句中She可知，句中指一个小女孩，故排除B和D, 单数名词的所有格直接在名词后加s，故空格处应填girs，意为女孩的。应选C项。45、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofchildrens brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. ba
21、rriersD. benefits答案：D14解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，系 统;B. priorities 优先事项；C. barriers 障碍；D. benefits 好处。根据Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools”推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应选D。小提示：46、 Only a(n)of people are interested in that political issue.A. flockB. amountC. hand
22、fulD. bagful答案：c解析：考查固定短语。句意：只有少数人对那个政治问题感兴趣。A. flock (鸟或羊等动物)群，一大群人；B.amount数量;C.handful一把;少数,少量;D.bagful满口袋。a handful of少量的,一小局部。根据空前的 “only可知只有少数的人对政治感兴趣。应选C。47、Nowadays, when you enter a shopping mall or bank, the staff there will take your temperature at the entrance as a matter of.A. contactB.
23、 routineC. virtueD. manners答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当你进入购物商场或者银行时，员工会在入口按照惯例给你量体温。A.contact联系；B. routine惯例，常规；C.virtue道德,美德；D.manners礼貌。根据句子分析可知,此处表示 “按照惯例,作为例行公事”,表达为as a matter of routine。应选B。小提示：48 Though David received the from the school basketball team, he didnt give up his dream andcontinued pra
24、cticing hard.A. interactions. companionshipC. cooperationD. rejection15答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练 习。A. interaction互动;B panionship友谊；C.cooperation合作；D.rejection拒绝。根据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝(rejection)符合语境和句意，应选D。49、 Through that window of the soul”, the eye, I can onl
25、y see through my fingertips the of a face.A. criticismB. outlineC. gentlenessD. pace答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:透过灵魂之窗的眼睛，我只能通过指尖看到一张脸的轮廓。A.criticism批评；B. outline轮廓;C.gentleness温柔；D.pace节奏。分析句意可知,此空意为“轮廓，名词outline意为轮廓, see为及物动词，后接名词outline作宾语。应选B项。50、 There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some
26、 and then let me know.A. thoughts. strengthsC. protectionD. authority答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。A,thought思考；Bo strengths 力量；C.protection 保护；D.authority 权威。根据There is no need to tell me your answer now”可知， 现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。应选A项。51、 Xiongan New Area(XNA) in Hebei Province will
27、 cover around 200 square kilometres after its.A. expectations. expansionC. exceptionD. exhibition答案：B解析：16 考查名词词义辨析。句意：河北雄安新区扩建后将占地约200平方公里。A. expectation期待；B. expansion tl 大，扩建；C. exception 例夕卜；D. exhibition 展览。根据上文“cover around 200 square kilometres afte门ts”可知， 表示扩建后将占地约200平方公里，应用expansion。应选B。52、
28、 My first was to go straight to Henry and tell him my news, but on reflection I thought better of it.A. impulseB. baitC. bounceD. distinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个冲动是直接去找亨利把我的消息告诉他，但经过深思熟虑，我改变了 主意。A. impulse 冲动;B. bait 诱饵；C. bounce 弹跳；D. distinction 差异。根据句意和句中but on reflection I thought better of
29、it可知，我之前的决定未经过深思熟虑，是冲动的做法，impulse意为冲动。应选A项。53、Toms parents behavior, as well as their words a key effect on him during the past twenty years.A. haveB. have hadC. has hadD. has答案：c解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间 状语during the past twenty years可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当as well as并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就
30、远原那么，即和behavior保持一致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。应选C。54、 When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at.A. wrongB. troubleC. faultD. difficulty答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当发动机发动不起来时，技工检查了所有的部件以找出毛病所在。A. wrong坏事;trouble麻烦；C.fault故障；D.difficulty困难。由语意可知,发动机无法起动时,必定是机器出故障了。固定短语atfault
31、译为：出毛病，出故障。应选C。1755、 - What impressed you most during your stay in Britain?-I had the of meeting the Queen when she visited our school.A. treatyB. privilegeC. inspirationD. exploration答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一你在英国逗留期间印象最深的是什么？一一女王访问我们学校时，我有幸见到 了她。A.treaty 条约；B. privilege 特权,荣幸；C. inspiration 灵感;D. explo
32、ration 探测。have the privilege of doing sth 很荣幸做某事是固定短语。应选B项。56、You can take as many as you like because they are free of.A. chargeB. fareC. moneyD. pay答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你可以想拿多少就拿多少，因为他们是免费的。A.charge费用；B.fare车费；C. money钱；D. pay薪水,工资。根据上文“because they are free of”表示免费短语为free of charge,应选A。57、 Everyone
33、 must follow his advice and Mr. Wang, our headmaster, was no.A. exceptions. expectationC. experienceD. expression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都必须听从他的建议，我们的王校长也不例外。A. exception例外；B.expectation 期待；C. experience 经验;D. expression 表达。根据上文“Everyone must follow his advice”可知，王 校长也不例外。应选A。58、 That flood has been s
34、everal times to prove that its important to take preventive.A. referred to, actionsB. referred, measure18C. referred, actionD. referred to, measures答案：D解析：考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：人们屡次提到那次洪水，以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表 示“提到，提及应用短语refer to；结合上文ts important to take preventive指采取预防措施，应用take measures,也可以说成 take action。
35、应选 D。59、As a who has left college for over half a year; Marry finds it challenging to get a good job after herA. graduate; graduatingB. graduation; graduatingC. graduation; graduate .D. graduate; graduation答案：D 解析: 考查名词。句意：作为一名离校半年以上的毕业生，玛丽觉得毕业后找份好工作很有挑战性。A第一空处前为不定冠词a,设空处应为名词单数形式，根据句意，表示毕业生应用名词gradu
36、ate；第二空处前为形容词 性物主代词，设空处应为名词，结合句意，此处表示毕业，应用名词graduation。应选D。60、 Norris twice knocked down hisin the early rounds of the fight.A. opponents. asteroidC. nephewD. triathlete答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺里斯在比赛的前几轮中两次击倒了对手。A. opponent对手；B.asteroid海星；C. nephew侄子； D.triathlete三项全能运发动。根据语境，诺里斯两次击倒的应该是自己的对手，opponent表
37、 示对手符合语意。应选A项。61 Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.19一 It makes no to me whether its foggy or not, for Km blind.A. senseB. mistakeC. differenceD. meaning答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析和固定短语。句意：一一在雾天你能清楚地看到那座
38、建筑物吗?一一不管雾不雾对我都没有关系,因为我看不见。A.sense意识；B.mistake错误；C.difference不同；D.meaning意义。由for Im blind (因 为我看不见)可知，句子表示“不管雾不雾对我都没有关系，make no difference to sb.为固定短语，意为对某 人来说无所谓/没关系，因此空格处为difference,应选C。5、His hard work made him very successful in his job.A. NP AdjpB. NP AdvpC. Adjp NPD. NP NP答案：C解析：考查句子结构中词性构成类型。句
39、意：他的努力工作使他在工作上非常成功。第一个划线局部very successful 是形容词短语，英文缩写是Adjp,副词very修饰形容词successful,该短语在句中作宾语补足语。第二个划 线局部his job,是一个名词短语，英文缩写是NP,该短语作介词in的宾语。应选C。6、 Mr. Moses was once the head of World Architectural Association(WAA), yet he is now nothing more than aA. retired anthropologistB. retiring anthropologyC. r
40、etired architectD. retiring architecture答案：c解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：摩西先生曾是世界建筑协会(WAA)的主席，但他现在只不过是一个退休的 建筑师。表示退休的应用过去分词转换的形容词retired； architect建筑师，architecture”建筑根据上文 the head of World Architectural Association 可知，此处是指一个建筑师,应用 architect 表达,retiredA. attitudeB. meansC. pointD. sight答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管人们对
41、吃什么的态度有很大的不同，但毫无疑问，西方人认为中国菜很特别。A.attitude态度;B.means方法；A point观点;D.sight视野,视力。短语attitude towards表示“对 的态度” 符合句意。应选A项。62、 To his, it rained every day and ruined the trip.A. disappointmentB. delightC. amazementD. satisfaction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他失望的是，每天都在下雨，毁掉了这次旅行。A. disappointment失望；B.delight喜悦；C. ama
42、zement惊讶；D.satisfaction满意。由句意推断,句中描述的事实是令人失望的,应使用 to ones disappointment表示令人失望的是。应选A。63、 As a soldier, he showed selfless to duty.A. devotionB. conservationC. assumptionD. comparison答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为一名士兵，他表现出了对职责的无私奉献。A.devotion贡献；B.conservation 保存,保持；C.assumption假定;D parison比拟。根据selfless和to dut
43、y可知，此处是指对职责的无私奉 献。应选A。64、 In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer.A. systemB. methodC. investmentD. environment答案：D20解析: 考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更平安的环境。A. system体系，系统;method方法；C.investment投资；D.environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安 全的实验环境(environment)。应选D项。65、 The
44、 gained from this experience has invested my life with new meaning.A. departures. insightC. proofD. setting答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这次经历中获得的领悟在我的生命中赋予了新的意义。A. departure离开；B. insight领悟;C. proof证据;D. setting环境；背景。根据new meaning可知,insight领悟符合句意。应选B。66、 My mother is in a middle school. She teaches history ver
45、y well.A. driverB. dancerC. teacherD. writer答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是中学老师。她历史教得非常好。A. driver司机；B.dancer舞蹈演员；C. teacher教师；D.writer作家。根据句中“She teaches history very well”可知，我妈妈历史教得非常好,因此她 是一名教师。应选C项。67 Citizens are braving the to get nucleic acid tests as COVID-19 outbreak has reoccurred in Harbin.A. ele
46、mentsB. seasonC. factorsD. climate答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着新型冠状病毒在哈尔滨再次爆发，市民们正勇敢地接受核酸检测。A.elements 要素；B. season 季节；C. factors 因素;D. climate 气候。根据后文“to get nucleic acid tests表示“勇敢做某事”应用 brave the elements to。应选 A。2168、 Despite years of from publishers, she persevered in her attempt to establish herself a
47、s a writer.A. enduranceB. rejectionC. blessingD. companionship答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管多年来遭到出版商的拒绝，她仍坚持要成为一名作家。A. endurance耐力，持 久力；B. rejection拒绝,抛弃;C. blessing祝福,祈祷,福祉;D panionship友谊，情谊。根据句意可知, rejection 拒绝,抛弃，符合题意。应选B项。69、Keep quiet, son! I need complete when Im working.Sorry, Dad. I wont make any noi
48、se again.A. silenceB. trustC. controlD. strength答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一安静点，儿子！我在工作时需要绝对的沉默。一一对不起，爸爸。我不会再发 出声响了。A. silence寂静,沉默;B. trust信任;C.control控制;D. strength力量。由语境中父亲要求安静和 儿子做的回答不难推断，父亲想要安静的工作环境。应选A。70、Laziness is the of his failure.A. reasonB. causeC. excuseD. way答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是他失败的原因。A. reason原因；B. cause原因；C.excuse借口； D. way方法。