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1、2021春季中高级口译考试真题、解析、答案汇总2021年3月高级口译汉译英合营企业设董事会，其人数组成由合营各方协商，在合同、章程中确定，并由合营各方委派。董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，决定合营企业的一切重大问题。董事长由合营各方协商确定或由董事会选举产生。董事长是合营企业法定代表人。董事长不能履行职责时，应授权其他董事代表合营企业。An equity joint venture shall have a board of directors; the number of the directors thereof from each party and the composition of
2、 the board shall be stipulated in the contract and articles of association after consultation among the parties to the venture; such directors shall be appointed by the relevant parties. The highest authority of the joint venture shall be its board of directors, which shall decide all major issues c
3、oncerning the joint venture. The chairman shall be determined through consultation by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. Should the chairman be unable to perform his duties, he shall authorize a
4、nother director to represent the joint venture.董事会会议由董事长负责召集并主持。董事会会议应当有2/3以上董事出席方能举行。董事不能出席的，可以出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。董事会会议应用中文和英文作详细记录，并在会议结束后14日内送交每位董事，由出席董事会会议的各位董事签字确认。The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the chairman of the board. A board meeting requires a quorum of over two-thir
5、ds of the directors. Should a director be unable to attend, he may make a proxy authorizing someone else to represent him and vote in his stead. Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen days of the conclusi
6、on of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.【解析】本文选自?中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法实施条例?。从?条例?的第五章：董事会与经营管理机构中选取n个句子拼凑而成的文章。英文根源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的?中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编?(1991年7月版)。并声明：当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规公布单位发布的中文原文为准。本文属于正式法律条文式翻译，因此，在语言的选择上，要注意文体性，不可过于口语化。从英译文
7、版本中可以看出，在表达“应当“要等词的时候，多用shall一词；在表达“如果的意思时，用的不是“if，而是“should；又如thereof的使用，文体正式程度可见一斑。此其一。其二，考生要注意专有名词的翻译。诸如contract合同articles章程appoint委派Detailed minutes of the board meeting详细记录 perform ones duty履行职责the legal representative法定代表人authorize授权等等。其三，个别句子的翻译处理。如“董事会会议应当有2/3以上董事出席方能举行。译文 A board meeting re
8、quires a quorum of over two-thirds of the directors. 其中quorum的用法极为精辟，简练，地道。这需要考生十年磨砺，凡能一招成名。总之，法律条文等正式问题翻译，对语言的得体性要求较高，语法要求相对松一些。考生只能平时多积累，多练习，注重专有名词的归纳总结，才能沉着面对此类考题。2021年3月中级口译英译汉When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a community and a nation traumatized by Saturdays shooting
9、s rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bushs speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995.本周三，奥巴马总统登台演讲，就上周六
10、亚利桑那州图森市所发生的枪击惨案向饱受心灵创伤的公众及全国发表演讲，人们不禁联想到，布什总统在2001年911袭击之后的演讲、以及1995年克林顿总统为俄克拉荷马州联邦政府大楼爆炸中的168名遇害者举行的追悼会。But Osamas appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedies-which, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted partisan divisions-
11、this one has, in the days since the killings, had the opposite effect, inflaming the divide.然而，奥巴马的公开露面展现了一个更大的挑战，也映射出他所处时代的要旨。以往那些惨案使整个国家在哀悼中团结一致，党派分歧也销声匿迹至少惨案发生初期是这样的。而本次的枪击惨案却恰恰相反，激化了党派间的分歧。It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage. He directly confront
12、ed the political debate that erupted after the rampage, asking people of all beliefs not to use the tragedy to turn on one another. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and
13、 the right. It was one of the most powerful addresses that Mr. Obama has delivered as president, harnessing the emotion generated by the shock and loss from Saturdays shootings to urge Americans “to remind ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together.奥巴马登台不久，便意识到了这一政治现实。他直接
14、针对枪击惨案发生后引发的政治辩论，呼吁所有持不同宗教信仰的人们不要借机针锋相对。他呼吁各党派停止相互指责，同时呼吁各党派团结起来。因各党派之间的指责日益严厉且锋芒毕露，团结已经渐行渐远。本次演说是奥巴马担任总统以来发表的最具号召力的一次，他在演讲中巧妙利用了美国人因枪杀事件而产生的震惊与悲哀，敦促美国人“时刻提醒自己，我们因希望和梦想而团结在一起。【解析】本次笔译题直接以西方报刊文章为素材，考查长句难句翻译，有一定的难度。美国民主党女议员布里埃尔吉福兹1月8日在亚利桑那州图森市出席活动时遭遇枪手袭击，本文围绕此事，并结合美国政治做出评论。试题设置也比拟老套，相信定期关注国际时事的同学，或者提前
15、看过沪江双语新闻的童鞋肯定已经在偷着乐了。第一段“traumatized引导的后置定语，较难处理，也是试题设置的采分点。另外，第二段的“at least initially这是英文特有的结构，也值得大家注意，备考时应特别准备。第三段，call 所带的两个并列宾语，也是很难处理的结构。此外，翻harness这个词时也需要倍加小心。2021年3月高级口译英译汉的八大难词分析2021年春季高级口译考试英译汉原文：When president Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a community-and a nation-traumati
16、zed by Saturdays shooting rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W.R Bushs speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept.11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in
17、 1995.But Obamas appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedies-which, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted partisan divisions-this one has, in the days since the killings, had the opposite effect, inflaming the divide.He direc
18、tly confronted the political debate that erupted after the rampage, asking people of all beliefs not to use the tragedy to turn on one another.It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that
19、has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and the right.It was one of the more powerful addresses that Mr. Obama has delivered as president, harnessing the emotion generated by the shock and loss from Saturdays shootings to urge Americans “to remi
20、nd ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together.1. traumatize：此词的意思为使变得更加沉重，连接了“美国和“周六枪击案之间的关系，意为：枪击案使美国的平安现状变得更加恶劣。而英语的连接方法，所谓的注重逻辑，其中一个特色就是通过分词，也就是某个动作的状态，来表达两句话之间的关系。因此这里的traumatized by可以选择不译，即便说成“发生了也符合了中文的习惯。注意此处“traumatized by和“发生了之间的关系，如果是考生自己翻译“发生了，是否会译成“happened？2.
21、 it invited comparison to: 此处的invite是亮点之一，是遭致，引发的意思，那么这个词组在就是引发了比拟。对于整体的invite comparison to ，我们可以做一个词性转换，名词转为动词，翻译成：这不禁让我们联想到。3. and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led：克林顿总统所发起的一次纪念死者的活动。这里要注意的是它与前句的President George W.R Bushs speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept.11, 2001，是一个并
22、列的关系，都是invite comparison to的宾语。4 Tenor: 这个单词的意思是主旨，这里是典型的上下文猜想词义：对应后面的“与前两次惨剧相比拟，我们可以推断出tenor of his times表示：他这个时代的特征, 特点, 主流。5 Turn on one another: turn on, 翻开某人的开关，表示激起某人的怒火，所以这里可以翻译成激化矛盾，刀剑相向。6. It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage.这个政治现实，是奥巴马在刚上任的
23、时候就已经意识到了的。注意这里的took the stage和文章开头的took the stage不同，表示他上任，而不是站上讲台演讲。7. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and the right.这句话在全篇中最难，中间引导定语从句的that,其实后面是作为原因的补充，而英语的习惯是先说结果再
24、说原因，中文可以选择先解释原因，而原因中间又有一个as作为原因，所以可先翻最后一句：党派之间的相互谴责言辞更为越发剧烈；再翻倒数第二句：因此团结的力量日渐减弱，最后翻结果：所以奥巴马恳请大家停止这种党派间的相互指责，以加强民族的团结。8. powerful: 可以理解成煽动力，感染力，号召力。9 Harness: 这个单词用的最多的是表示对各种能源的利用。这里那么是表示总统的演讲技巧和政治手段，他抓住了周六枪击事件中人们在失去亲人之后的震惊情绪，从而要求美国人民更加团结。作为一片新闻评论文章，通篇生词少，逻辑清晰，难度不高于高口E-C的平均水平，只要对汉英两种语言的特点有所了解和有过一定量的外
25、刊翻译的练笔，考生应该可以有一个理想的发挥。译文：就在奥巴马周三在一个社区对美国人民做过演讲的的第三天，亚利桑那的图桑市再次发生惨绝人寰的枪击案，这不禁让人联想起2001年的9.11袭击案之后布什的演讲；而1995的俄克拉玛市的的联邦政府办公室爆炸案致使168人丧命之后，克林顿也组织了对死者的纪念活动。奥巴马的演讲提出了一个更大的挑战，也可以反映了出他的任职期间的特点。之前两次惨剧，至少在刚刚发生之后，全国人民在悲哀的情绪中空前地团结，而各党派之间的纷争也得以平复。但这一次那么不同，自从枪击案发生之后，国家变得不团结，反而分裂的问题愈加严重。这个政治现实，是奥巴马在刚上任的时候就已经意识到了的
26、。枪击案引发了政治争论，奥巴马直面这个问题。无论是何种信仰的人士，他都恳请大家不要用灾祸事件来激化矛盾。党派之间的指责更加剧烈，因此党派之间的团结力量日渐减小，奥巴马提出要停止这种党派间的指责，凝聚团队的力量。这是奥巴马中选总统之后最有煽动力的演讲之一，因为他抓住了周六枪击事件中人们在失去亲人之后的震惊情绪，从而要求美国人民更加团结，用他的演讲的话来说，就是“永远不要忘记当初是什么把我们团结在了一起-我们的梦想和希望。2021年3月高口阅读下半场第一篇原文及解析(新东方版)The lobbying carried out by food manufacturers to block a Eur
27、opean-wide food labelling system backed by doctors is laid bare in a series of private emails published today by The Independent.In a flurry of statements and position papers to MEPs in the run up to key votes, Kelloggs, Danone, Coca-Cola, Nestle and other manufacturers claimed that colour-coded tra
28、ffic lights were incapable of informing shoppers about the right diet.traffic light system 定义1第一题They claimed that studies showed that their favoured percentage-based Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs) had wide consumer acceptance. Polls by the National Heart Forum and the consumer group Which? that loo
29、ked at both systems found shoppers preferred colour-coding.GDA使用百分比表示食品成分，traffic light system 用颜色表示。第三题On Wednesday, the European Parliament rejected the traffic light system devised by the Food Standards Agency vote in favour of GDAs. At the same time, they backed the compulsory labelling of harmf
30、ul trans-fats and country of origin on processed products.traffic light system定义2Glenis Willmott, the leader of Labours MEPs, accused the food industry of heavy-handed tactics. People werent being told the full facts and the amount of time and money poured in by lobbyists was huge, she said. It must
31、 have had an impact.Mette Kahlin, policy advocate for Which?, said: While I was lobbying in Brussels for it was clear I was outnumbered by industry lobbyists 100-1. Consumer and health organisations dont have enough money to match that.Devised by the UK Food Standards Agency in 2006, traffic lights
32、show red lights for high levels of salt, fat and sugar, and amber and green for lower amounts. The British Medical Association, British Dietetic Association and British Heart Foundation are among the health groups that support the scheme.traffic light system 的定义3On Monday, the Ad Hoc GDA Group, repr
33、esenting 11 manufacturers including Kelloggs, Mars, Nestle and Unilever, emailed MPs in a last-ditch attempt to swing their vote. We still believe that a traffic light approach provides too judgmental an assessment of foodstuffs the complex nutritional composition of a food and its place in the diet
34、 cannot be reduced to a single colour, they wrote.In an earlier email, Nestle France warned that the introduction of a colour-coded system would in effect, create an arbitrary judgement about the food and this, in total disconnection with dietary requirements.以上两段解释了为什么食品制造商反对coloured-coded traffic
35、lights(第二题Coca-Cola even claimed that a diet based upon green lights could be harmful. In a document headed Food labelling, basic elements for discussion, sent in 2021, the US fizzy drinks giant told MEPs: Colour coding gives the consumer false assurances. A diet based upon products with green light
36、s would lead to chronic nutritional deficiences.The briefings are not based on evidence, protested Ms Kahlin, In the UK we have had traffic lights and no one has been admitted to hospital with malnutrition from eating food signed with green lights. People still eat products marked red but they becom
37、e aware of what is in their food.The EU wants to introduce a unified labelling system to cut obesity, diabetes and other illnesses, which are causing millions of lost days at work and billions of pounds in health costs. Poor diet is thought to kill 70,000 people in the UK every year.At the request o
38、f the Food Standards Agency, retailers Sainsburys, Waitrose and Asda have put traffic lights on their own-label products, but they have been fiercely opposed by Tesco and multinational manufacturers.In recent months, Pepsico, Danone and other global food giants and trade groups have mounted one of t
39、he biggest lobbying operations in EU history.Lobbyists accosted MEPs in bars and restaurants and began turning up in their offices without appointments. They bombarded MEPs with documents, reports and factsheets praising GDAs and undermining traffic lights.The lobbying was aimed at members of the En
40、vironment committee before a key vote in March, when it rejected traffic lights by 32-30. All 736 MEPs were targeted in the run-up to Wednesdays vote.Manufacturers maintained the lobbying was based on solid evidence.Kelloggs said: If were to win the obesity battle, consumers need a labelling scheme
41、that gives them a much greater understanding of whats in their food so they can make informed choices. GDAs do this in a way traffic lights simply cant, and thats why well continue to use and support them.Coca-Cola said: Our communication to MEPs was based on thorough research of European consumers
42、that is publicly available.Nestle said: GDAs are factual and objective and ensure consumers can evaluate a products role in their daily diet.Unilever, Mars and Danone were unavailable for comment.2021年3月高口阅读下半场第二篇原文及解析(新东方版)At a recent Internet culture conference at the Massachusetts Institute of Te
43、chnology in Cambridge, a local ice-cream shop offered to make a custom flavor for the event. After some discussion, the organizers decided that it should be vanilla ice cream mixed with Nerds candies, because the Internet is primarily white and nerdy, explains Chris Csikszentmihlyi, who directs the
44、MIT Center for Future Civic Media.While a joke, the ice-cream flavor was also a serious commentary on the digital divide that has grown between those who created the Internet mostly affluent, white, male programmers and the billions of people around the globe with whom they share little in common.Th
45、eres a push among development specialists to provide more people with Internet connections and the assumption that these new Web citizens can then reap the same benefits as communities whove long been online.第三段就是数字鸿沟的具体解释：通过网络，人们可以获得同样的benefit吗？可以配合第四段的词汇，给digital divide 下定义。This may not be the cas
46、e, however. While few people dispute the value of getting the world online, many Internet experts say that current Web content has little relevance and thus little appeal to those whose lifestyle is worlds away from programmers in the United States and Europe. If the majority of the world is to use
47、the Web for more than just a few basic functions, Internet developers must address this gap.What you end up with is an Internet that assumes a particular kind of user, one that resembles the authors, says Mr. Csikszentmihlyi. So, in a sense, almost everyone who uses the Internet has to sort of pass
48、as a white, 20-something, urban-dwelling kind of person.Even in the US, this has proved to be a problem. A new study at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., found that, among Americans, those from privileged backgrounds tend to have much higher skill levels and use the Web for more activities than those from less affluent families with equal Internet access.Just because people gain access doesnt mean that now they know how to use the Internet, says Eszter Hargittai, author of the report. Even if we put a lot of effort into connecting more people wh