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1、名词性从句和虚拟语气 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望名词性从句名词性从句一、相关概念二、种类三、常见引导词四、七大常考考点1.thatwhatwhich 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法3.语序问题 4.同位语从句和定从的区别5.whatwhatever6.ifwhether 7.虚拟语气问题五、2007年高考定语从句和名词性从句考题一.相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要
2、作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。另外还可以。另外还可以作作定语定语,状语状语。3.名词性从句名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的充当的主主语语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由，由一个句子来充当一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句。名词性从句。1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.MrsBlackwontbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathaty
3、ouwereherfriend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句二、二、名名词性从句的种类词性从句的种类（动词、介词、形容词之后的宾从）（动词、介词、形容词之后的宾从）三、常见引导词：三、常见引导词：1）从属连词）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时引导作用。（引导宾语从句时可可省，但是如省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）2）连接代词）连接代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等，有意义，作成分等
4、，有意义，作成分3）连接副词）连接副词where,when,how,why等，有意义，等，有意义，在句中作状语在句中作状语4）从属连词）从属连词if,whether（是否）（是否）(if 只能引导动只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句词、形容词之后的宾语从句)1._he said has nothing to do with you.2._well start tomorrow will be told soon.3._he did such a thing satisfied me.4_ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.
5、whatwhenThatHow1._hesaiditmadeusangry._hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.which C.thatD.whereThatWhat考点考点1：连接词：连接词：that与与what 的区别的区别Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.That(anewteacherwillcometoourschool)istrue.that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义
6、，在从句中不充当任何成分充当任何成分what既有连接作用，既有连接作用，又要在从句中作成分又要在从句中作成分（主语，宾语，主语，宾语，表语）表语）(的东西的东西;物物;话话;时间时间;地点地点;人物人物;数目等不同概念数目等不同概念)1.Afterfivehoursdrive,theyreachedwastheplacetheydbeendreamingof.2.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatwasadangerousspeed.3.Thewayhe did itwasdifferentfromwewereusedto.4._th
7、eearthisroundisknowntousall.5.Fathermadeapromise_ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.whatwhat whatThatthatB:what(什么什么)/which(表选择表选择,哪一个哪一个)1.-Doyouknow_MrBlacksaddressis?-HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Imnotsureof_.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?whatwhichwhich1）_y
8、oudontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether 高考题选萃高考题选萃2)_hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3)Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_isapity.2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesntmatter
9、.ItdoesntmatterwhetherThathemadesuchamistakeItisapitythat考点考点2：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法 it 作形式主语作形式主语WhetherhewillcomeornotItiswellknown/reported/thought/saidthatItisclear/necessary/certain/truethatItisapity/ashame/anhonorthatItdoesntmatterwhetherItseemsthatIthappensthat1._isknowntoall,Taiwanison
10、lypartofChina.A.AsB.ThatC.WhichD.What2.Itisknowntoall_Taiwan is only part of China.A.asB.thatC.ifD.for3.ItwasonSunday_Imethim.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）（强调句）（强调句）*(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容，指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于这些动词后，常用于这些动词后，like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it后后常跟常跟if或或when从句从句b.it 作形式宾语
11、作形式宾语*(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that/todoIhateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.*(3)dependonitthat 1.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one2.Youmaydependon_thatyouparentswillhelpyouwheneveryouneedit.A.themB.yourselfC.itD.me考点考点3 3 语序问题语序问题1.The photographs
12、will show you_A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikev2.Youcanhardlyimagine_whenheheardthenews.vA.howhewasexcitedvB.howwasheexcitedvC.howexcitedhewasvD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked_foraviolinA.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.
13、howmuchIpaid在名词性从句中在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句除了关联词要提到句首之外首之外,一律要用陈述句语序一律要用陈述句语序4.Whattimedoyouthink_?A.willBestycomehereB.BestywillcomehereC.isBestycominghereD.canBestygethere疑问词疑问词+do you thinksuggestbelievesuppose+陈述语序陈述语序考点考点4 4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别同同位位语语从从句句一一般般跟跟在在名名词词fact,news,promise,truth,belie
14、f,thought,idea,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后后面面,用用以以说说明或解释前面的名词的内容明或解释前面的名词的内容.定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用Thenewsthatshepassedtheexamexcitedherparents.Thenewsthatweknowfromherexcitedallofus.解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。但是不能省。修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中有成分、
15、在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。作宾语时可以省。同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句1.Thesuggestionthat he should not go thereisofgreatvalue.2.Thesuggestionthat he madeisofgreatvalue.3.Thefactthat he won the first placecantbedenied.4.Thefactthat he told meexcitedme.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句注注:1.1.同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导2.在在have n
16、o idea 之之后后常常用用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句.I have no idea where he hasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.考点5.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever)v1._wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.v2._weneedismoretime.v3._madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.v4._breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverv _
17、等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而当于名词后加一个定语从句，而v_等引导的等引导的名词性从句都名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。whoever,whateverWho,what请你归纳请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever?1._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever高考题选萃高考题选萃2.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.any
18、oneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho 注：注：wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句又可引导让步状语从句no matter wh-只引导让步状丛只引导让步状丛3.It is generally consideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever考点考点6.用用if或或whether填空填空v1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.v2.Itseemedasifhewasindifferent(漠
19、然漠然)_hecouldnot getintoalifeboat.v3.Thequestionis_thisvbookisworthwriting.whether/ifwhetherifv4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.v5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用不能用if；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟ornot时时,用用whetherc.宾语从句是否定结构时只用宾语从句是否定结构时只用ifwhether
20、Whether1._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where1.在在order，suggest（建议），（建议），demand，request，advise，insist(坚持应该坚持应该)等所接的等所接的宾宾语从句语从句中用中用should型虚拟语气。型虚拟语气。should常省略常省略。2.在在order，suggestion等名词后等名词后同位语从句，表同位语从句，表语从句语从句中用中用should型虚拟语气，可省略型虚拟语气，可省略should3.在在asif，asthough引导的引导的表语
21、从句表语从句中，在必要中，在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。考点考点7 7虚拟语气问题虚拟语气问题 4.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.（2）It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.（3）It is suggested(requested,proposed,d
22、esired,etc.)that.如如:It is strange that she(should)think so.1.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 2.His suggestion was that we_another meeting to discuss the question.A hold B would hold C held D holding 5.wish后，从句中的时
23、态在原本的时态上退一步，后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即即wishthat过去时过去时(跟现在相反跟现在相反)would+v.(跟将来相反跟将来相反)had done(跟过去相反跟过去相反)I wish that I _that film star yesterday.A saw B.had seen C would see D has seen would ranther that sb did sth sb had done 五五.2007年高考定语从句和名词年高考定语从句和名词性从句考题：性从句考题：1.Some pre-school children go to a day c
24、are center,_they can learn simple games and songs.A.then B.there C.while D.where 2._matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.That B.Why C.What D.Which 3.We shouldnt have spent our money testing so many people,most of _ are healthy.A.that B.which C.what D.whom 4._he referred to in his ar
25、ticle was unkown to the general reader.A.That B.What C.Whether D.Where5.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.where 6.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make_ it is.A.
26、what B.that C.how D.where7.The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago.A.when B.which C.that D.where 8.It is none of your business _ other people think about you.Believe yourself.A.how B.what C.which D.when 9.Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?Thats _ the best jobs are.A.where B.what C.when D.why 10.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it 11.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that