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1、Chapter 7Chapter 7Writing the Thesis Statement&Planning and Ordering the BodyThe first steps in planning an essay are Narrowing the Topic and Writing the Thesis Statement.Writing the Thesis StatementLead in:What are the first steps in planning a thesis?Narrowing the TopicThe essay writer usually sta
2、rts with a broad subject and narrows it to manageable size.E.g.:Subject:English LiteratureLimited subject:W.Shakespeares PlaysInitial Topic:Shakespeares Use of Metaphor in His PlaysTopic:Shakespeares Use of Metaphor in Hamlet Remember The best essay is often quite specific.If you had written this li
3、st,you would now think about the narrowed topic and perhaps brainstorm possible ways to support it.Then you would choose the topic that you could best develop into a good essay.Writing the Thesis StatementThe thesis statement further focuses the subject because it must clearly state in sentence form
4、,the writers central point:the main idea or opinion that the rest of the essay will support and discuss.Writing the Thesis StatementThe thesis statement should be as specific as possible.By writing a specific thesis statement,you focus on your subject and give yourself and your reader a clearer idea
5、 of what will follow in the body of the essay.Writing the Thesis StatementThere are many ways to make vague thesis statement more specific.As a general rule,replace vague words with more exact words and replace vague ideas with more complete information.E.g.:Vague:My recent trip to Beijing was reall
6、y bad.Revised:My recent trip to Beijing was disappointing because the whether upset my sightseeing plans.Planning and Ordering the BodyThe thesis statement sets forth the main idea of the entire essay,but it is the body of the essay that must fully support and discuss that thesis statement.Planning
7、the BodyIn composing the thesis statement,the writer has already given some thought to what the body will contain.Now,he or she should make a plan that includes:two to four main ideas to support the thesis statementtwo to four topic sentences stating these ideasa plan for each paragraph in the bodya
8、 logical order in which to present these paragraphsPlanning the BodyDifferent writers create such plans in different ways.Here are two approaches that many writers use.Some writers brainstorm/jot down ideas and then final paragraph groups.Others first write topic sentences and then plan paragraphs.Q
9、uestion:What kind of writer do you belong to?Jot down ideas and then final paragraphs Having written the thesis statement,some writers brainstormthey jot down any ideas that develop the thesis statement,including main ideas,specific details,and examples,all jumbled together.Only after creating a lon
10、g list do they go back over it,drop any ideas that do not support the thesis statement,and than look for“paragraph groups.”By brainstorming and then dropping ideas that do not relate,you will eventually produce a listNow read over the list,looking for groups of ideas that might become paragraphs.Som
11、e ideas might become topic sentences;others might be used to support a topic sentence.Write topic sentences and then plan paragraphs Sometimes a writer can compose topic sentences directly from the thesis statement without jotting first.This is especially true if the thesis statement itself shows ho
12、w the body will be divided or organized.Such a thesis statement matches the work of planning paragraphs easy because the writer has already broken down the subject into supporting ideas or parts,e.g.:Because the student canteen has many problems,the university should hire a new administrator to see
13、that it is properly managed in the future.Question:How many main ideas does this statement contain?This thesis statement contains two main ideas:The first states the problems and the second offers a solution.Ordering the Paragraphs within the EssayIt is important that the paragraphs in your plan,and
14、 later in your essay,follow a logical order.The rule for writing is this:use your common sense and plan ahead.Do not leave the order of your paragraphs to chance.Questions:How many types of order can be used in thesis writing?What are they?Ordering the Paragraphs within the EssayThe types of order o
15、ften used in single paragraphs time order,space order,and order of climax can sometimes be used to arrange paragraphs within an essay.Essays about subjects that can be broken into stages,with each step discussed in one paragraph,should be arranged according to time.Space order is used occasionally i
16、n descriptive essays.A writer who wishes to save the most important or convincing paragraph for last would use order of climax.Or he or she might wish to reverse this order and put the most important paragraph first.Very often,however,the writer simply arranges paragraphs in whatever order makes sen
17、se in that particular essay.Expanding the One-paragraph PlanAn essay is like an expanded paragraph.For this reason,any plan for developing a paragraph can also be used to develop an entire essay.It is up to the careful writer to choose the pattern that is best suited to his or her purpose and to the
18、 kind of essay required.Linking Paragraphs within the BodyJust as the sentence within a paragraph should flow smoothly,so the paragraphs within an essay should be clearly linked one to the next.As you write your essay,do not make illogical jumps from one paragraph to another.Instead,guide your reade
19、r.Link the first sentence of each new paragraph to the thesis statement or to the paragraph before.Here are four ways to link paragraphs:Linking Paragraphs within the Body1.Repeat key words or ideas from the thesis statement.2.Refer to words or ideas from preceding paragraph.Link the first sentence
20、of a new paragraph to the paragraph before,especially by referring to words or ideas near the end of that paragraph.3.Use transitional expressions4.Use transitional sentencesUse all four methods of linking paragraphs as you write your essay.Z Z Z.Z Z ChecklistNarrow the topic to one that you can dis
21、cuss fully and well in an essay.Write a clear statement.Brainstorm ideas to support your statement.Choose some main ideas to support the thesis statement.Write a topic sentence that expresses each idea.Decide on a logical order in which to present the paragraphs in the body.Plan the body of each par
22、agraph,using paragraph development.Write the first draft of your essay,linking paragraphs clearly to each other.Check for unity,logic,and coherence;revise and rewrite as necessary.Proofread for errors in grammar,sentence,structure,spelling,and mechanics.Three Types of Common Errors:LanguageIdeasFormat Consideration:How many kinds of specific errors you are likely to make in your writing?How to avoid them?The End Thank You!