《大学英语翻译教学文稿.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语翻译教学文稿.ppt（22页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Translation第一页，共22页。汉英词义对比汉英词义对比英汉词汇意义的对应程度，英汉词汇意义的对应程度，大致有以下三种情况大致有以下三种情况1）词义相符）词义相符(semantic correspondence)如如:山山(mountain),学学生生(student),环境保护环境保护(environmental protection)在寻找语义相符的对应在寻找语义相符的对应语时语时,易犯逐词翻译易犯逐词翻译(fny)的毛病的毛病,找到假对找到假对应词应词,如如:学习知识学习知识 to learn knowledge(to acquire knowledge)盐水盐水 salt wa
2、ter(salt solution)第二页，共22页。2)二二.词义相异词义相异(semantic non-correspondence)词义相异有两种情况词义相异有两种情况.第一种是指称意义相符第一种是指称意义相符,蕴涵蕴涵(ynhn)意义相异意义相异.松、梅、竹（岁寒三友，蕴含不畏唁函，傲然风松、梅、竹（岁寒三友，蕴含不畏唁函，傲然风雪的品德）然而，英语中雪的品德）然而，英语中pine trees,plum blossoms,bamboo不具备上述蕴含意义。不具备上述蕴含意义。“羊羊”在古汉语中就是吉祥的意思在古汉语中就是吉祥的意思.如如“三羊开泰三羊开泰”(Three Rams Brin
3、g Bliss)ram 在英语中除表示在英语中除表示“公公羊羊”外，还表示外，还表示“撞击装置撞击装置”。第三页，共22页。第二种情况是指称意义和蕴涵意义相异第二种情况是指称意义和蕴涵意义相异(xin y).phoenix(凤凰凤凰):mythical bird of the Arabian desert,said to live for several hundred years before burning itself and then rising born again from its ashes “龙凤呈祥龙凤呈祥”(Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Pros
4、perity)第四页，共22页。3)词义空缺词义空缺(semantic zero)词语意义的空缺是文化现象空缺的结果词语意义的空缺是文化现象空缺的结果.翻译是翻译是需要用音译需要用音译,意译或其他方式表示意译或其他方式表示(biosh)其义其义.糖葫芦糖葫芦 Tanghulu,a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a kind of childrens favorite food in winter 特困生特困生 the most needy students 乌纱帽乌纱帽 an official post 站票站票 standing-room-
5、only tickets 第五页，共22页。钱先生周岁时钱先生周岁时“抓周抓周(zhu zhu)”,抓了一本书抓了一本书,因此因此得名得名“钟书钟书”.When Qian was just one year old,he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others,he picked up a book of all things.Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name:Zhongshu(=book lover).第六页，共22页。钱先生周岁钱先生周岁(
6、zhu su)时时“抓周抓周”,抓了一本书抓了一本书,因此因此得名得名“钟书钟书”.When Qian was just one year old,he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others,he picked up a book of all things.Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name:Zhongshu(=book lover).第七页，共22页。每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，参加一年一度的
7、华东参加一年一度的华东(Hudng)出口品交易出口品交易会。上海各类商品在这里与全国各地一比会。上海各类商品在这里与全国各地一比短长。上海的优势在于科技实力，因此高短长。上海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产口的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长技术产口的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的排头兵的排头兵”。著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战场是中国超越发达国家的主战场，也是最场是中国超越发达国家的主战场，也是最后的战场。后的战场。”走发展高科技贸易之路，是走发展高科技贸易之路，是历史的必然，也是末来的需要。历史的必然，也是末来的需要。第八页，共22页。中外客商中外客商do
8、mestic and foreign businessmen云集云集(ynj)申城申城swarm into Shanghai华东出口品交易会华东出口品交易会East China Export Commodity Trade Fair一比短长一比短长compete第九页，共22页。科技科技(kj)实力实力scientific and technological strength排头兵排头兵take the lead in高科技高科技(kj)战场战场The high-tech battlefield超越超越overtake第十页，共22页。高科技贸易高科技贸易(moy)high-tech trad
9、e 必然必然indispensable第十一页，共22页。每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，每年春季，数以万计的中外客商云集申城，参加参加(cnji)一年一度的华东出口品交易一年一度的华东出口品交易会。会。Every spring hundreds of thousands of domestic and foreign businessmen swarm into Shanghai to attend the annual East China Export Commodity Trade Fair.第十二页，共22页。上海各类商品上海各类商品(shngpn)在这里与全国各地在这里与全国
10、各地一比短长。一比短长。Here,all kinds of goods from Shanghai compete with the goods from other places in China.第十三页，共22页。上海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产口上海的优势在于科技实力，因此高技术产口的出口应成为的出口应成为(chngwi)上海外贸出口增上海外贸出口增长的排头兵长的排头兵”。The advantage of Shanghai lies in its advanced scientific and technological strength,therefore the export
11、of high-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai s foreign trade and export.第十四页，共22页。著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战场著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说：高科技战场是中国超越发达国家是中国超越发达国家(f d u ji)的主战的主战场，也是最后的战场。场，也是最后的战场。Professor Yang Zhenning,a famous physicist,once said,“The high-tech battlefield is the main and the last
12、battlefield for China to overtake the developed countries.”第十五页，共22页。”走发展走发展(fzhn)高科技贸易之路，是历史高科技贸易之路，是历史的必然，也是末来的需要。的必然，也是末来的需要。It is not only indispensable in history,but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-tech trade.第十六页，共22页。Every spring hundreds of thousands of dome
13、stic and foreign businessmen swarm into Shanghai to attend the annual East China Export Commodity Trade Fair.Here,all kinds of goods from Shanghai compete with the goods from other places in China.The advantage of Shanghai lies in its advanced scientific and technological strength,therefore the expo
14、rt of high-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai s foreign trade and export.Professor Yang Zhenning,a famous physicist,once said,“The high-tech battlefield is the main and the last battlefield for China to overtake the developed countries.”It is not only indispensable in history,
15、but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-indispensable in history,but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-indispensable in history,but also necessary in the future to develop by way of promoting high-tech trade.第十七页，共22页。汉英句法对比汉英句法对比汉语句子特点是汉语句
16、子特点是“以意统形以意统形”.因而汉语的因而汉语的句法特征是意合句法特征是意合(parataxis),强调逻辑关强调逻辑关联与意义联与意义(yy)关联而不在意词语之间和关联而不在意词语之间和句际之间的形式衔接句际之间的形式衔接.英语句子的特点是强调形式和功能英语句子的特点是强调形式和功能,因因而英语的句法特点是形合而英语的句法特点是形合(hypotaxis).句句子成分之间的关系要求用形式标记表明子成分之间的关系要求用形式标记表明.请请看下例看下例:第十八页，共22页。1)我常见许多青年的朋友我常见许多青年的朋友,2)聪明用功聪明用功,3)成绩优异成绩优异,4)而语而语文程度不足以达意文程度不
17、足以达意,5)甚至写一封信亦难得通顺甚至写一封信亦难得通顺(tngshn),6)问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面.第十九页，共22页。倘若完全倘若完全(wnqun)按原文的句法特征将其译成英文按原文的句法特征将其译成英文,可能是可能是:1)I have come across a great many young friends,2)Bright and diligent,3)Do exceedingly well in studies,4)but they are rather weak in Chinese,5)even cant write a smooth Ch
18、inese letter.6)When asked why,theyll say they are not interested in Chinese.第二十页，共22页。I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies,but are rather weak in Chinese.They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese.When I asked them why,they said they were not interested in the Chinese language.第二十一页，共22页。英语的从句前必须根据其语法功能用英语的从句前必须根据其语法功能用when,where,who,that,an等表示关联词将其与主句衔接起来等表示关联词将其与主句衔接起来.这也是汉语语法隐含这也是汉语语法隐含(yn hn)性性(covertness)的的一种表现一种表现.而英语的语法呈外显性而英语的语法呈外显性(overtness),体现了体现了英美人重个体英美人重个体,重分析的思维方式重分析的思维方式.第二十二页，共22页。