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1、L debt债，借款，债务，欠款，欠账external debt 外债gambling debt 赌债internal debt 内债national debt 国债in debt负债cancel debt取消债务clear a debt 还清债You must spend less until your debts are paid off.你必须少花钱，先把债还清。Her debts amount to over $ 1000.她欠的钱超过1000美元。The company is deep in debt.这家公司正负债累累。2. pace n.速度；步伐；进度，节奏v.踱步；（用步）测
2、；（马）溜蹄走 keep pace （with）并驾齐驱，齐头并进set the pace起带头作用I cannot walk at that pace.我不能以那种速度行走。The work progressed at a slow pace.这项工作进展缓慢。She works so fast that I cant keep pace with her.她工作得很快，我跟不上她的速度。3.inform v.通知；告诉；inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事inform sb. that/wh-告知某人inform sb.+疑问词+不定式If you see anything s
3、uspicious, inform the police at once.你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。We regret to inform you of the cancellation of the tour.我们遗憾地通知您，此次旅行取消了Can you inform me when to begin our final examination?你能告诉我们什么时候期终考试吗？Teachers inform me that Traceys behaviour has improved老师们告诉我特雷西的行为大有改善。Please inform us how to find D
4、r. Browns house.请告诉我们怎样才能找到布朗医生的家。Can you inform me when to begin our final examination?你能告诉我们什么时候期终考试吗？I informed him that he must start at twelve oclock.我通知他必须12点钟出发。在以下句子中，being可以省略，假设不省略，那么是现在分词短语。Summer (being) over, the students returned to school.His first shot (being) a failure, Tom fired ag
5、ain.Her face (being) pale with anger, she rose to go away.Take for exampleHe wrote many great dramas. Take Hamlet for example.他写了很多大剧作，比方哈姆雷特。Let me take Edison for example.让我以爱迪生为例。22.Stick n.手杖；枝；杆vt.刺入；插于；竖起vi.钉住；坚持，遵守；粘贴；生效，起作用 过去式:stuck过去分词:stuck现在分词:sticking第三人称单数:sticksA walking stick is a mu
6、st for me now.如今我行走离不开手杖了。We made the fire out of dry sticks.我们用干柴枝来生火。A pin stuck me in the hand.一根针刺入我的手。Stick the fork into the potato.用叉子插土豆。His hair sticks up.他的头发竖起来。We must stick to our policy.我们必须坚持我们的政策。Stick a label on your suitcase.把标签粘贴在你的手提箱上23.Survive survival一.作及物动词.在之后仍然生存，从中逃生Only t
7、wo passengers survived the air-crash.这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。She was the only girl to survive the accident.她是这次事故的惟一幸存者.Few of the houses survived the war没有一所房子经受住了战争的洗礼.1 .比活得长;丧失(配偶，亲人等)She survived her husband by twenty years.她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。Surprisingly, John survived his younger brother.出乎意料的是约翰竟然活得比他弟弟
8、还长.Few survived after the flood.洪水后极少有人生还。Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两个人活下来了.Of the wounded,only three survived.伤员中只有三个活了下来.survive on靠.活下来； 靠.生存These players have to survive on their wiles.这些运发动得靠诡计才能不被淘汰。They can survive on very little money.他们用很少的钱就可
9、以生存。24 .Turn down关小,调低;拒绝，不接受;拉下来（衣领等）Turn the heat down or your cake will burn.把热度调低吧，要不蛋糕就要糊了。Please turn the radio down a bit.请把收音机关小点。She petitioned her neighbor to turn down the radio.她请求邻居把收音机关小点声。I turn down the offer.我拒绝那个提议。The board turn down all approach on the subject of merger.董事长拒绝了有关合
10、并事宜的任何协商。She turned down every offer of help.别人提出的帮助他都拒绝了。turn down,refusejeject/decline,在表示拒绝的意思时的区别如下：refuse “拒绝”，语气较强。refuse to do dh.表示不愿做某事；refuse后接宾语，相当于动词短 语turn down的用法。名词为refusaloHe was very obstinate. He persisted in doing his own way and refused to listen to any advice.（他彳艮固 执，坚持要自行其事，不听任
11、何劝告。）I think that it is wise for the manager to refuse/turn down the lucrative offer to their company.（我认 为对他们公司有利可图的报价经理应该明智地予以拒绝。）I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat refusal.（我竭力试图说月艮他 加入我们的团队，但我遭到直接了当的拒绝。）reject “拒绝”、“驳回”，正式用词，强调吧接受、不采纳他人的意见、建议、请求等。名词rejectio
12、n。The court rejected the prisoner, s appeal for a new trial.（法院驳回了犯人的申请重审。）It is your duty to accept or reject the proposal.（是接受还是拒绝这个建议，这是你的责任。）It is apparent that the publisher, s rejection of his manuscript of the article depresses him very much.（显而易见，出版商拒绝了他的文章手稿使他很压抑。）turn down “拒绝”，“驳回”，口语用语，多
13、指拒绝（请求、劝告等），宾语可为人或物，相当于 refuse 或 reject 的意思。When at a party, be sure not to turn down the person who tries to engage you in a conversation.（在 聚会上，有人想要与你交谈时一定不要拒绝。）His impractical suggestion was turned down/rejected by the committee.（他那不切实际的建议被 委员会拒绝了。）decline “拒绝”、“谢绝”，指礼貌地推辞或谢绝某人的邀请或帮助。He invited h
14、er to dinner, but she declined on account of urgent business.（他邀请她共进晚餐，可 是她因有紧急的事务婉言谢绝了邀请。）The actress declined the interview, saying her words have too often been twisted by reporters.（那位女演员拒绝接受采访，说她的话常常被记者歪曲。）with over 400million books sold and translated into25 . “with复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。在句中表
15、示“原因，结果， 伴随，方式”等情况。现把“with复合结构”的各种情况作一总结。with +宾语+形容词The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随）with +宾语+介词短语The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式）with +宾语+副词The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式）（4） with +宾语+现在分词Mary felt very shy
16、 with so many eyes looking at her. （表原因）（5） with +宾语+过去分词If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. （表方式） with +宾语+不定式With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn t sleep well. （表原因）一般说来，with复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状
17、况；假设放在句首，那么多表示“原因”或“条件”， 例如：With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely.由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到很孤 单。With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village.因为向导带路,我没怎么费 事就找到了他们的村子。26 .All too often常常；时常；一而再；再而三地；When serving in the us army, he carried six.当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，
18、或状语从句中的主语是it,并且又含有be动词时， 常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。When （she was） very young,she began to learn to play the piano.她很小时,就开始学习弹钢琴.While （I was） at college,! began to know him,a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生.When arriving,send me a telegram.（When you arrive,send me a telegram.）到达之后，来个电报.Befo
19、re leaving,turn off all the lights.（Before you leave,turn off all the lights.）走之前，请关闭所有的灯.Don/t come in until （you are） asked to.不叫你请你不要进来.Whenever (it is )possiblezyou should come and help.不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮助.You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible.你应尽快让我们知道结果.27 .Workon影响，对起作用；继续工
20、作；从事于；设法说服try to influence or convince 企图影响或说服I cant go abroad this summer because I havent got enough money, but perhaps I can work on father to give me a loan.今年夏天我不能出国了，因为我的钱不够，不过或许我可以说服我父亲借我一笔钱。Senator Smith worked on the other committee members to vote for the bill.史密斯参议员说服委员会的其他委员投票赞成该提案。1. be
21、 engaged in ； continue doing 从事；，忙于； 继续工作She is working on a new dictionary.她一直在忙着编写一本新词典。How can you work on so Long without a rest?你怎么能连续工作这么久而不休息呢？2. produce an effect on 对,产生影响The medicine the doctor prescribed worked on his illness.医生开的那种药对他的病有效果。28. Rega rd asI regard him as my brother.我把他当作自己
22、的兄弟。It is regarded as impossible.这事被认为不可能。母母母日领券专享超低价推送甄选教学资源清单提供名校名师私享课程及课件不定期领取教辅图书及学科网独家试卷 专属客服快一步获取服务扫一扫二维码关注学科网服务号一键获取所有服务，满足需求更快一步回复：教学模板领取35套教学ppt模板We regret to inform you that we cannot help you.我们很遗憾地通知您，我们无法帮助您。3. dreadn.恐惧，令人恐惧的事物adj.可怕的;恼火的v非常担忧，极为害怕The boy dreads his father.这个孩子畏惧他的父亲。H
23、e doesnt dread death.他不怕死。I dread to see him again.我不敢再见他。She dreaded going to the doctor.她怕去看医生。The child dreads going to bed in the dark.小孩害怕在黑暗中上床睡觉。I dread that I may never see you again.4. rarely很少地；绝佳地；杰出地She rarely went anywhere except to her office.她除了去办公室以外，很少去别的地方。Rarely did he fail to kee
24、p his promise.他真的很难得失信。Rarely have I seen such a scene.我难得看到这样的场面。5.overnight adv.在夜里；过夜；突然adj.整晚的；很快的The wind had strengthened overnight.夜里，风更大了。The city was conquered overnight.那座城市在夜里被攻克。Overnight rain will end by morning.下了整晚的雨会在早上停止。The book was an overnight success.这本书很快获得了成功。The actress won o
25、vernight fame with her first film.这个女演员的第一部电影使她一举成名。6 .rejection -reject 拒绝Her rejection dashed him.她的拒绝使他难堪。Her rejection of him seems to have made him go back into his shell.他遭她拒绝后就更不爱吭声了。Her proposal met with continual rejections.她的建议一再遭到拒绝。I was annoyed at her rejection of my offer.我为她拒绝我的提议而感到不
26、快。She took the rejection very hard. 她痛苦地接受被拒绝这一现实。Constant rejection has sapped her will.不断的被拒绝逐渐使她丧失了信心。7 . Nevertheless adv.尽管如此；不过；仍然conj.然而；不过Our defeat was expected； nevertheless, it was disappointing.我们的失败是意料中的事；尽管如此，还是令人失望。We cant take your advice. Nevertheless, thank you for putting it. 我们不能
27、接受您的建议。不过，谢谢您提出来。We are going nevertheless we shall return.我们要走了,不过我们还要回来。8.persevere锲而不舍,坚持不懈;执己见；持续，保持同义词：persist； endure； continue； carry on； keep on persevere at / in /with something,Youll need to persevere if you want to succeed.要想成功就要持之以恒。再来举两个例子, She persevered in her efforts to win the schol
28、arship.她为了 获得奖学金而不断努力。Its difficult, but Im going to persevere with it.难是难,但是我一定要坚持到底。 persevere with sb,意思就是“不放弃某人”He was hopeless at French, but his teacher persevered with him.他怎么也学不会法语，可是老师还是坚持帮助他。When things get difficult, you just have to grit your teeth and persevere. 遇到困难只需咬紧牙关坚持下去。If you pe
29、rsevere with work, youll succeed in the end.你如果把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。Although he is in poor health,he still perseveres in his studies.尽管他身体不好，他仍孜孜不倦地学习。9. criticize v.批评；评论；吹毛吹疵=仃汨d2 （美）.Criticism nHe always picks on small points to criticise.他老是找些小问题进行批评。Many people criticise George Catlin.许多人批评乔治卡特林。10
30、. endurevt.容忍vi.忍耐；持久；持续I cannot endure her rudeness any longer.我再也不能忍受她的无礼了。The company has endured tremendous losses.这个公司承受了巨大的损失。He endured cold and hunger.他忍受着寒冷与饥饿。I cant endure to hear about it.听说了这件事叫我无法忍受。I cant endure talking to them.与他们交谈，我可真受不了。He cant endure being disturbed in his work.他
31、工作时不容许别人打搅他。I cannot endure you should say that.你竟然说出那种话真让人受不了。ll.guarantee n.保证；保证书；担保；担保人；抵押品vt.保证；担保We cant guarantee our workers regular employment.我们不能保证我们的工人经常受雇。We cant guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in fog weather.雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。Our goods are guaranteed, you may return any bad ones
32、.我们的货物是有保证的，有问题可以退货。I guarantee to fulfil the task.我保证完成任务。I guarantee that he will come.我保证他会来的。I cannot guarantee what he told me is reliable.我不敢说他告诉我的话都可靠。The students are not guaranteed jobs when they graduate.不保证学生毕业时能够获得工作。Can you guarantee the watch to keep good time?你能保证这表走得准吗？The machine is
33、 guaranteed to run well.保证机器运行良好。Can you give me your guarantee that the goods will be delivered before Friday?你能给我保证这批货在星期五之前交货吗？This guarantee is valid for one year.这份保证书有效期为一年。12 delight 高兴；快乐；愉快2.C使人高兴的原因v. l.T给（某人）乐趣；使愉快2.山 以某事物为乐（常为残忍的事）；喜好某事物 with delight高兴地，愉快地，欢欢喜喜地take delight in嗜好，乐于，喜欢这部
34、电影给千百万人以莫大的快乐。误：The film gives great delights to millions of people.正：The film gives great delight to millions of people.析：delight用作名词时一，根据情况可以可数也可以不可数，其区别是：表示具体意义的“乐事”， 为可数名词，表示抽象意义 的“快乐”，为不可数名词。比拟：Raising flowers is a great delight.（养 花是件很快乐的事）。我高兴地拜读了你的来信。误：I have read your letter with my delight
35、.正：I have read your letter with delight.析：with delight（高兴地）是习语，其中不可加入限定语，但有时可插入形容词，如：with real delight（十分高兴地），with great delight（十分高兴地）等。现在许多人都喜欢看电视。误：Now many people take delight to watch TV.正：Now many people take delight in watching TV.tlf ： take delight in （doing） sth 是 delight 用作名词时的一个常用句型，注意后接
36、in （doing） sth, 不用不定式。使他大为高兴的是，他的小说被接受出版了。误： On his delight his novel was accepted for publication.正：To his delight his novel was accepted for publication.析：to one s delight（使某人高兴是）是习语，注意用介词to,类例:to one s joy（使某人高兴的 是），to one s surprise（使某人吃惊的是）等。他喜欢挑别人的毛病。误：He is delighted in finding fault with oth
37、ers.正：He delights in finding fault with others.析：delight用作不及物动词时,其后通常接in （doing） sth,表示喜欢做某事。注意：此时delight 不能用被动形式，因为它是不及物动词。见到你我真高兴。误：I m really delighted in seeing you.正：Im really delighted to see you.析：要注意delight用作及物或不及物动词时在结构上的差异：用作及物动词的delight在用 于be delighted结构时，其后根据情况可接不定式，介词短语（at, by, with等）和从
38、句等，但是 不能接介词in引出的短语（而用作不及物动词的delight后通常接介词in）。如：He was very much delighted with the result.（他对结果十分满意），They were delighted atby the news.（听到这 消息他们很高兴），I was delighted that you were successful.（你成功了我很高兴）。那确实是一次令人愉快的聚会。误：It is really a delighted party.正：It is really a delightful party.析：delighted表示“感到高兴
39、的，delightful表示“使人高兴的”。注：表示后者的意思不能用 delighting（此词在现代英语几乎不用）。13.worthwhileworth, worthy, worthwhile这三个词均可表示“值得的，由于它们词形相近，意义相似。worth通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；worthy和worthwhile可用作表语和定语。It isnt worth the trouble.不值得费那个事。He is a worthy gentleman.他是位值得尊敬的绅士。His behavior is worthy of great praise.他的行为值得高度赞扬。They ac
40、hieved a very worthwhile result.他们取得了很有价值的成果。We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.我们等了 彳艮久，但还算值得， 因为我们把票买到了。be worth后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。如：The picture is worth $ 500.这幅画值 500 美元。The clock is hardly worth repairing.这台钟简直不值得修理。What is worth doing is worth doing well.值得干的事就得干好
41、。注意：其后可接动名词，不能接不定式，且接动名词时，总是用主动形式表示被动意义。2 .有关be worthy的搭配习惯。be worthy后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，假设要接，应借助介词of。如：Their efforts are worthy of your support.他们的努力应得到你的支持。Her behavior is worthy of praise.她的行为是值得赞扬的。与be worth后只接动名词不接不定式不同，be worthy后不接动名词，而接不定式（假设该不 定式要表示被动意义，那么应用被动形式）。如：He is worthy to receive such h
42、onor.他应该得到这种荣誉。This suggestion is worthy to be considered.这个建议值得考虑。假设要在be worthy后接动名词，与后接名词时的情形一样，应借助介词。f,且该动名词假设 要表示被动意义，要用被动形式。如：He is worthy of filling =to fill the post.这个职位他当之无愧。This suggestion is worthy of being considered =to be considered. 这个建议值得考虑。3 .有关be worthwhile的搭配习惯的搭配习惯be worthwhile后接
43、动名词或不定式均可。如：It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.这本词典值得买。（其中的worthwhile也可换成 worth）It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again.这个计划值得再讨论一次。worthwhile不能换成worth,因为其后接用了不定式）一句多译在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。如：那个地方值得一去。正：The place is worth a visit.正：The place is worthy of a visit.正：The place is worth visiting
44、.正：It is worth visiting the place.正：The place is worthy of being visited.正：The place is worthy to be visited.正：It is worthwhile visiting the place.正：It is worthwhile to visit the place.14.enthusiastic adj热情的；热心的；热烈的；狂热的They are enthusiastic admirers of that movie star.他们是那位电影明星的狂热崇拜者。My parents are
45、enthusiastic skiers.我的父母是滑雪迷。David is very enthusiastic about the plan.大卫对该项计划十分热心。15 .1 game：指决定胜负的比赛，游戏，通常有一定的规那么，参加者必须遵守，且多以个人对 抗或集体对抗形式根据一定的规那么进行的比赛。2 match：多指重要的，参加队数较多的大型体育运动工程比赛，隐含势均力敌意味。【3】competition：多指体育运动中的各项比赛、角逐，也指知识、技巧等方面的竞赛。4 contest：多指在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进行的比赛或竞争。其结果，由评判委员会 裁决。16 . Upset ad
46、j.心烦的；苦恼的；不安的；不适的v.推翻；打乱；使心烦n.混乱；推翻The child upset the glass of milk.孩子打翻了奶瓶。He upset his car at the turn of the road.他在公路拐弯的地方翻了车。The wind has upset the birds net.风把鸟巢吹翻了。The rain upset our plans for a picnic.这场雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。The unexpected visit upset our schedule.意外的访问打乱了我们的日程安排。They were afraid thi
47、s would upset the world balance of power.他们担忧这会打破世界力量均衡。The bad news upset him.坏消息使他心烦意乱。His friends death upset him very much.他朋友的去世使他很难过。The boat was upset by the waves.波浪把那条船打翻了。His mind was too much upset.他心烦意乱。Please dont get upset. I was only joking.请别生气，我只是开个玩笑而已。She appeared quite upset.她看起来很烦恼。17 .mereadj.仅仅的；纯粹的Mere words wont help.光说没用。It is a mere matter of tim