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1、考点15非谓语动词考向一非谓语动词作状语1 .不定式作状语作目的状语.注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与。nly连用。We hurried to the station. only to be told that the train had left.作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见诃有：happy, lucky, sorry, proud, disappoin
2、ted, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased 等。 We, re proud to be young people of China.在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+t。do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动 意义。该结构中常用的形容的有:easy, difficult, important, interesting, pleasant, comfortable, dangerous 等。 The chair is very comfortable to sit on.2 .分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴
3、随、让步等)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。wSatisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.(2)假设现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，那么用现在分词的完成形 式(having done)。* Having cleaned the desks, we began reading.(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，那么要用过去分词(done).“Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.(5)如句子的主语是分词
4、动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。叱 Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.(2017 天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.考向二非谓语动词作宾语考向三非谓语动词作宾补1 .感官动词（词组）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to. feel 的宾语补足语有四
5、种形式，以see为例： I saw him leave a few minutes ago.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.2 .使役动词make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help t
6、hem. He had the fire burning all night.He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it（perform）live is quite another.考向四非谓语动词作定语.现在分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该 动作的主动和进行。1 .动名词作定语表示性质或用途。“A young teacher teaching English came t
7、o apply for the position.2 .过去分词（短语）作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的 被动和完成。w-Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.3 . （1）不定式作定语表示未做的事情。-The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.（2017 北京卷）Jim has retired, but he still remembers the hap
8、py time（spend）with his students.（2）不定式可以放在名词、代词、序数词、the only和形容词最高级等后面作定语。 常被不定式修饰的名词有：chance, need, promise, time, opportunity, way 等。（3）不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如果不定式与该句的主语构 成逻辑上的主调关系，那么不定式用主动形式：如果不定式与该句的主语不构成逻辑 上的主调关系，那么不定式用被动形式。例如：He is not a man to tell lies.There will not be enough space to stand
9、in on the earth.考向五非谓语动词作主语和表语.不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可 以是屡次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth.h To complete that building in ten months was a great achievement.1 .动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发 生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 Our job is playing all kinds of m
10、usic. His ambition is to go to Harvard University.2 .以下句型中常用动名词作主语： It s no use /good complaining without taking action.考向六独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩局部，一局部事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另 一局部由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或 代词的状态或动作.1 .名词/代词+形容词*- I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of
11、 worry.w He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .2 .名词/代词+现在分词叱 Winter coming , it gets colder and colder.* The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk.3 .名词/代词+过去分词More time given zwe should have done it much better.“The boy stood there, his right hand raised.4 .名词/代词（主格+不定式* Here are
12、 the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friends.名词/代词/词短语The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand.5 .名词/代词+副词h Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away.所 Lunch over ,he left the house .But
13、he was thinking.6 .名词/代词+名词He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon.7 . with复合结构它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”.宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语 由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。 Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.He used to sleep with the door open .)With a boy leading the way .they started towards the vi
14、llage. With the work done ,he went home.With you to help us, we will finish the task in timeHong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night.从以上例句可以看出：在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主调关 系.当这种主调关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主调关系表现为被动 语态是，用过去分间：当这种主调关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主调关 系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。题组一基础过关.用所给词
15、的适当形式填空Much time(spent) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.1.1 heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused (stop)until we reached the next stop.2 .After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. Anne Benedict went on (thank) all
16、the people who had helped in her career.3.1 got to the office earlier that day. (catch) the 7： 30 train from Paddington. 4.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground. (wonder) whether to stay or leave.5.(catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in
17、 advance and got up very early.6.0ne morning. I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about(be)late for school.7.lt took years of work (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water, (z/x/x/k9.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way(use)the sun and the stars.9.Keep(hold)your position for
18、 a while.lt helps develop your strength and flexibility.10.(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.题组二能力提升单项填空l.The number of Internet users in China hit 604 million by the end of September in 2013, with mobile phones the favored means of accessin
19、g theWeb.A. had; becomingB. have; becameC. has; to becomeD. have; becomes2 .Most of her spare time, she still kept on her research in the library.A. occupiedB. had been occupiedC.to be occupiedD. was occupied3 .Many people are believed their homes in the past month as a result of theflood.A.to leave
20、B.to have leftC.to be leavingD.to be left4 .of risk in the street at night, the girl had to go home, with a friend accompanying her.A. WarningB. Having warnedC. Having been warnedD. to be warnedS.When about the reason for winning the prize, the girl owed the success toher teachers.A. askedB. askingC
21、. being askedD. having asked6.She suggested several ideas to help him keep the children.A. being entertainedB.to entertainC. entertainedD.to be entertained7.A Chinese passenger was among people when a Mozambique Airlines planecrashed in a national park in northeastern Namibia all on board.A. killing
22、; to killB. killed; killedC. having killed; killingD. killed; killing8 .The lake water is polluted by chemicals from the factory, and the water is not fit any longer.A .to be drunkB. being drunkC.to drink itD.to drink9 .The soldier narrowly escaped in the fierce battle.A. have killedB. killingC.to b
23、e killedD. being killed10 .Your father died when you were very young,me with the full burden of bringing you up.A .to leave8. leftC. leavingD. being left题组三体验真题.（2017 江苏）Many Chinese brands,their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developedB. being
24、 developedC. developedD. developing2.（ 2016 北京）it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make3.（2016 ,北京）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,the old town into a dreamland.A.turnB.turningC. to turnD. turned4 . （2016 ,江苏）To return to the
25、 problem of water pollution, I d like you to look at astudy in Australia in 2012.A.having conductedB.to be conductedC.conductingD.conducted5 .（2016 北京）over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. OrderingB. To orderC. Having orderedD. Ordered6.（2016 江苏：）ln art criticism, you mus
26、t assume the artist has a secret message within the work.A.to hideB. hiddenC. hidingD. being hidden7.（2016 ,天津）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows,air conditioning unnecessary.A. makingC. madeB. to makeD. being made题组一基础过关用所给词的适当形式填空l.to stop2 .to thankcatch6.being7 .to reducelO.Raise
27、d题组:能力提升单项填空3.having caught8.using4.wondering9.holding5.Tol.A 解析考杳时态和with的史合结构。由句中的by the end of September of this year可知谓语应用had,表示过去的过去、第二空处是with的狂合结构wi情+宾 语+宾语补足语。become与mobile phones之间是主调关系，故用现在分词形式 becoming：3.B【解析】考皆非谓语动词。句意：人们认为，由于洪灾，在过去的一个月里 很多人离开家园。be believed to d。人们认为，该短语中的不定式可根据需要采用 不同的形式。
28、根据句意可知，此处应用不定式的完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词表 示的动作发生。4 .C【解析】考宜现在分词的完成被动式。句意：由于已经被警告过夜晚街上的 危险，那个女孩不得不让一个朋友陪着她回家。动词warn与其逻辑主语the girt 是动真关系，应用被动语态，故揖除A项和B项，由于被提醒这一动作发生在 回家这一动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式。应选C。5 .A【解析】考杳非谓语动词。句遨：当被问及获奖的原因时，这个女孩把成功归 功于她的老师们。When后面的句:补充完整是When she was asked,按照状语从 句的省略原那么,省略主谙she和be动词，所以选A项。6 .C【解析
29、】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：她出了几个主意帮助他返核 门门开心。keep+宾语+宾语补足州结构中，动词作宾语补足语一般用其现在分诃 或过去分诃形式，故排除B和D;being entertained正在被娱乐，与句意不符，故 排除A： keep+宾出+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语children与entertain为动宾关系， 应选C。7 .D【解析】考杳非谓语动诃的用法。第空用过去分河作定语，表示被动；第 二空用现在分诃作结果状语。句意：一架莫桑比克航空公司的客机在纳米比亚东北 地区的一个国家公园里坠毁时，机上全部人员遇难，其中有一位中国籍乘客。8 .D【解析】形容询fit后跟不定式结构要
30、求用卜动形式表示被动意义,注意drink 后不再跟宾语机 应选D。9 .D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位士兵差一点在激烈的战斗中阵亡 escape 后接动名诃作宾语，The soldier与动词kill之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。应选 D项。10 .C【解析】根据逗号及逗号后无连词可知此处应作状语，主语father与leave之 间是主调关系，故用现在分词表示合乎逻辑的结果，应选C,句意：你父亲在你很 小的时候就去世了，留下我一个人承当抚养你的全部贪任。题组三体验真题.A【解析】考查非谓语动诃-many Chinese brands与develop是逻辑上的主调关 系，也是主动关系，再根
31、据over centuries（数百年了）可知“开展”的动作在“面临挑战”之前早就完成了， 故用现在分词的完成式，应选A项。句意：许多已经开展了几个世纪的声誉的中国 品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。1 .D【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随 身带着这张卡片。这里动词不定式短语作目的状语，应选5.B【解析】考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁， 使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages,两者是主动关系，故用 现在分词作状语，应选B,5 .D【解析】考杳过去分词作状语。句意：（因为）那些书是一周多之前订的，现在 随
32、时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered.故用过去分词.表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered.,应选 D zx*xk.B【解析】考查分词作定语。本句中名词短语a secret message与动词hide构成 被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语hidden within the work在句中做后置定语，修饰 名词短谙 a secret message,相当于定语从句 that is hidden within the work AC 项 表示主动含义，D项强调正在进行，与语境不符。故B正确。7.A【解析】句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。前面的 事情造成后面的结果，用现在分诃作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可 以作结果状语，但是表示预料不到的结果。应选A：