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1、考点考点 1 1 疑问词疑问词 不定式结构不定式结构常见的疑问词有who,which,when,where,how,what等。疑问词不定式结构在句子当中起名词的作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语。例1 NMET 2000 第19题Ive work with children before,so I know what _ in my job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsB解析该题考查疑问词疑问词+不定式在句中做宾语不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语,如:tell,discuss,kno
2、w,show,learn,decide,wonder,explainA:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车,但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车,但我叫她别用。考点二考点二 连词连词+doingsth/doneWhenlearningaforeignlanguage,weremembermorewords.=whenwelearnaforeignl
3、anguage,weremembermorewords.睡觉的时候,你最好把音乐开小一点。睡觉的时候,你最好把音乐开小一点。Youdbetterturndownthemusicwhensleeping./whenyouaresleeping.进行听力训练时,请用磁带录音机。进行听力训练时,请用磁带录音机。Useyourtaperecorderwhendoinglisteningpractice./whenyouaredoingexercises.2005Fujian33Whenhelp,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”Aoffering Btoo
4、fferCtobeoffered DofferedDwhen+doingsth/done_forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建福建)A.BlamingB.lamedC.ToblameD.TobeblamedbeblamedforB_withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(四川四川)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.TofacebefacedwithA_suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynow
5、betoolatetocleanuptheriver.(NMET2001)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedA Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(2002上海)上海)A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownbeknowntosbDontusewords,expressions,orphraseswhichareknownonlytopeoplewithspecificknowl
6、edge.DTheflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(2004上海)上海)A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltsmellsweetTheflowerswhichsmellsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.B考点五考点五 分词做状语分词做状语,doingsth,done Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome
7、,_.(2004上海春)上海春)A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhaustedbeexhaustedB“Youcantcatchme!”Janetshouted,_away.(2005全国卷三)全国卷三)ArunBrunningCtorunDranB考点六考点六 分词的逻辑主语问题分词的逻辑主语问题I often hear him singing this song.I often hear this song sung.Hearing the news,he couldnt help crying.1.Finding her
8、car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a policeman for helpD考点七考点七 在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致主语一致主语一致主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以
9、有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构这种结构这种结构这种结构称为称为称为称为:独独 立立 结结 构构 独独立立结结构构可可以以表表示示伴伴随随动动作作或或情情况况,表表示示时时间间、原原因因、条条件件等等,例如:例如:He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.(伴随情况伴随情况)The shower being over,we continued to march.(时间时间)So many students being absent,we decided t
10、o put the meeting off.(原因原因)Weather permitting,well have an outing tomorrow.(条件条件)All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.The job done,we went home.The composition written,he handed it to the teacher.分词的独立主格结构分词的独立主格结构The job finished,we went home.The weather being fine,we wen
11、t swimming.He being absent,nothing could be done.当当分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时,要给出分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时,要给出它自己的主语,构成独立主格结构。它自己的主语,构成独立主格结构。相当于:相当于:After the job was finished,we went home.Because the weather was fine,we went swimming.Because he was absent,nothing could be done.考点八考点八 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:如:ad
12、mit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny等等。考点九考点九 有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词,但意义上有区别跟动名词,但意义上有区别,如:如:forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try等。等。注意问题注意问题1.1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1)forg
13、ettodo忘记要去做某事(此事未做)忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2)stoptodo停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事 stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事停止正在或经常做的事3)remembertodo记住去做某事(未做)记住去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事记得做过某事(已做已做)4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾对要做的事遗憾 regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔对做过的事遗憾、后悔5)trytodo努力、企图做某事努力、
14、企图做某事 trydoing试验、试一试某种办法试验、试一试某种办法6)meantodo打算,有意要打算,有意要 meandoing意味着意味着7)goontodo继而(去做另外一件事情)继而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)继续(原先没有做完的事情)8)proposetodo打算(要做某事)打算(要做某事)proposingdoing建议(做某事)建议(做某事)Itsnogood/usedoingTheresnodoing不可能不可能Theresnoknowing.Theresnotellingwhenhewillbeback.Theresnojoking.介词
15、介词except/but之后接不定式时,如果介词前有实意动之后接不定式时,如果介词前有实意动词词do则则except/but后接不带后接不带to的不定式;反之,如的不定式;反之,如果果except/but前没有实意动词前没有实意动词do,则不定式带,则不定式带to。Shehasnochoicebuttowaitforthenews.ThemancandoeverythingbutspeakFrench.动词动词want,need,require,deserve等和形容词等和形容词worth后接后接V-ing形式的形式的主动形式主动形式作宾语,表示作宾语,表示被动关系被动关系,如接不定式时,则必须用被动形式。如接不定式时,则必须用被动形式。即即needdoing=needtobedone以下短语中以下短语中to为介词为介词,接,接名词,代词或名词,代词或V-ing作宾作宾getdownto开始认真(做某事)开始认真(做某事)lookforwardtostickto坚持坚持turnto翻到,求助于翻到,求助于seeto照顾;处理照顾;处理devoteoneselftobeusedto(doingsth.)