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1、2022年兰州石化职业技术学院自考英语（二） 练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】2009.04）This is the first time that a woman has been to the post.A、grantedB、praisedC、pointedD、appointed【正确答案】D【答案解析】译文：这是第一次任命一位妇女担任此职位。试题分析：此题考查 词义辨析。回详细解答：A允许、同意；B表扬、赞扬；C指、指出；D指定、 任命、委任。第2题【单项选择题】阅读选择Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurr
2、ence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children
3、love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense syllables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by
4、rhythms.According to the passage, an adults reaction to rhythm in music would probably be.A、uninhibitedB、indifferent第21题【单项选择题】2010.04 Even after decades of the two brothers recognized each otherimmediately.A、separationB、cooperationC、correspondenceD、communication【正确答案】A【答案解析】【译文】尽管已经分别了几十年，这两兄弟都是立刻认
5、出了对方。 【试题分析】词汇题。【详细解答】名词的词义选取。第22题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the gr
6、eat influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this pa
7、ragraph is.A、Main Results of Recent ResearchesB、Popular Doubt about the New ViewC Effect of Environment on IntelligenceD、Impact on School Education【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段提出了一个新的对智力的认识，与过去一些年的传统的把智力 看做是一种不变的能力的这种理解不同，它主张智力和人的成长环境有关。因此 选择C。10第23题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Every year, in November, Thanksgiving Day reminds u
8、s of the good things in life, and people are thankful. On this day people usually eat turkey and great quantities of other foods.Q: The turkey is a most popular food on Thanksgiving Day.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao感恩节这天火鸡通常是必不可少的。因此此题是正确的。第24题【单项选择题】2009.04 The conclusion from the stud
9、y is not definite; it is just.A、tentativeB、validC、technicalD、 thorough【正确答案】A【答案解析】译文：这项研究的结论不是一定的；它只是试探性的。试题分析: 形容词词义选择题。详细解答：A不确定的、试探性的；B正当的、有根据的、 有效的；C技术性的、专门技术的；D彻底的、十足的。第25题【单项选择题】It is difficult to understand this kind of calculation.A、intricateB、variedC、indispensableD、equable11【正确答案】A【答案解析】参考
10、译文：很难理解这种错综复杂的计算。intricate错综复杂的, 纠缠不清的；varied不同的，种种的；indispensable不可缺少的，绝对必要的； equable变动甚少的，稳定的。第26题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age.Q
11、: Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo Fermi在1938年获诺贝尔奖，四年以后才建立核连锁反 应的。第27题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite
12、 an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things are heavy, we think of weight as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it
13、would weigh only a quarter of a pound.How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth?A、1 pound.B、2 pounds.C、3 pounds.D、4 pounds.12【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题问的是一磅茶如果被带出离地球外表4000英里的地方，重量 会是多少？ 4000这个数字比拟关键，因为在本段最后一句中出现了这个词，一 看该句 If you could take a one-pound
14、 packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.只是把名词换了一下,很显然答案 就是变成原来重量的四分之一，因此正确答案是A。第28题【单项选择题】2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard.A、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工
15、作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第29题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age.Q: Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobe
16、l Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo Fermi在1938年获诺贝尔奖，四年以后才建立核连锁反 应的。13第30题【单项选择题】2010.04 The student described the beautiful mountains and rivers in hishome town.A、artificiallyB vividlyC、criticallyD、viciously【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查
17、副词的词义辨析。这个学生生动地描述了他的家乡美丽的 山河。第31题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百岁老人）get asked all the time： ”How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选Co题目说的是这五位百岁老人
18、生活在一个非常友好的社 区，文章开头局部提到了community（社区），但该句并没有说这五位百岁老人 生活的社区是否是一个友好的社区，因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有提到。第32题【单项选择题】【填句补文】All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. There
19、are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today.14A、 Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B、 In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents.C、 Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions.D、Children who are e
20、ducated at home are known as home-schoolers.【正确答案】D【答案解析】后文出现了 home-schoolers,根据选项，这里应该是对这个词的定 义，因此选D。第33题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world. It was called Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan”. The author John Loud Stephens had just returned
21、 from a long, difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood, an architect and artist, to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas（玛雅）.Very little was known about the Mayas at th
22、at time, but Catherwoods drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples, pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors, the Aztecs. These cities, however, were deserted. The inhabitants（居民） had disappeared almost a thousand years before.Stephens book asto
23、nished the world because.A、 it was the first time people heard about Mayas.B、the Mayas were excellent builders and farmers.C、 he had experienced so many difficulties to find this lost civilization.D、 it described that the Mayas used to be an advanced civilization.【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据问题中的关键词astonished,把本问
24、题定位在第一句In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world.对下面的几个重要事实的归纳概 括就得出正确答案：Do15第34题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.Q: T
25、o solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo文章说到：Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.防止喝牛奶和奶油饮料。第35题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon; but the butter
26、 will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small
27、in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun.We do not feel the gravitational pull of a packet of butter becauseA、 it is too small to have a gravitational pull of its own.B、 its pull is so small that we tend to ignore it.C its pull disappears in the presence of
28、 the earths gravitation.D、 it tends to melt and loses its gravitational pull.【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题定位词是not feel.packet of butter,找到原文中A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun.所以答案是 Bo C
29、 项错在 disappearo16第36题【单项选择题】2010.04 We should this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance.A、 bearB putC、placeD、print【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查词汇题。【译文】我们应当牢牢记住：不要以貌取人。详 细解答】牢记在心：bear in mind或者keep in mind第37题【单项选择题】【填句补文】All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does
30、not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today.A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.B In some countries, however, children ar
31、e educated by their parents.C Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions.D、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers.【正确答案】D【答案解析】后文出现了 home-schoolers,根据选项，这里应该是对这个词的定 义，因此选D。第38题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from
32、 the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆发）of ancient volcanoes （火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.17A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty.B、What would you see if you took a cruis
33、e to the Caribbean Islands?C、 Theyre like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.D、 But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.【正确答案】c【答案解析】第一句话说的是：加勒比群岛形成了一个锁链，把加勒比海与大西 洋的其他局部分开。答案是C,因为它的第一个词是They，该词指The Caribbean Islands；而且在语义上也有很好的衔接。第39题【单项选择题】【填句补文】David Gu
34、terson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school:, For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears （北极熊）,an
35、d winter tourism. A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program.A、Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values.B、 Learning sta
36、rts with the childrens interests and questions.C、 Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.D、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. 【正确答案】B【答案解析】此空要填的是home-schoolers与其他
37、孩子学习的不同点，因此选B。第40题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal18 income may be defined as total money
38、income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumpt
39、ion is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, s
40、alaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph?A、 GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C、Personal income is regarded as the to
41、tal money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D、 The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题的依据是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项 D 用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变
42、。第41题【单项选择题】2007.04 It is difficult to the implication between the lines.A、get toB、get withC get atD、get down【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查词组辨析。A.开始，接触；C.找出，发现；D.下来,19C、restrainedD、responsible【正确答案】c【答案解析】该题的解题依据在本段结尾局部As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm”。作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大
43、， 大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反响，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反响, 更可能受到抑制。第3题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. Q: The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of
44、learning.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。原文说的是儿童之所以能够完全掌握母语局部原因在于 儿童自身，局部原因在于孩子周围人们的行为。问题句说“儿童母语学得好的原 因只是因为他们的学习环境。此处solely的表述是错误的。第4题【单项选择题】2008.04 The cloth had a natural look which perfectly the image Laurasought.A、turned outB、set downC、thought overD、coincided with【正确答案】D写下来。第42题【单项选择题】
45、阅读选择War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality （守卫士也盘的天，性）are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of in
46、nate （天生的） survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence can not be simply reduced to an ins
47、tinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in d
48、irecting the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical （道德上 的）patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that.A、it threatens the existing social systemsB、it is influenced by societyC、it has roots in religious conflictsD、it is directed against institutions of law【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性是a learned behavioro可以知道此题的答案应该就在本段的后面局部。接下来的第二句