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1、2022年信阳职业技术学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】 War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality （守卫地盘的天性）are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans sha
2、re with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate （天生的） survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, v
3、iolence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religiou
4、s traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical （道德上 的）patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that.A、it threatens the existing social systemsB、it is influe
5、nced by societyC、it has roots in religious conflictsD、it is directed against institutions of law【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性是“a learned behavioro可以知道此题的答案应该就在本段的后面局部。接下来的第二句话即 说人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give s
6、hape to aggressive behavior,将其定型为侵略性行为。D、except for【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查短语意义区分。译文：除了偶尔我咳嗽一下以外，这所房 子在夜晚非常安静。A至于，关于；B例如；C代替，而不是；D除了.以 外第21题【单项选择题】2009.7 An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work.A、personallyB、scarcelyC、respectivelyD、responsibly【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查副词意义区分。【译文】如果一个员工做工作总是认真
7、负 责，他就是完全可信赖的。【详细解答】A亲自地；B几乎不；C个别地；D可靠 地第22题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power
8、 over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word “allegiance” is closest in meaning to
9、.A、loyaltyB、objectiveC、survivalD、motive10【正确答案】A【答案解析】解此题可用同类词关系进行判断。在allegiance前后的两个词分别 是commitment和sacrifice,应能判断出这三个词相对于国家而言是同一类词， 再利用排除法，不难选出正确答案A。第23题【单项选择题】【填句补文】All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A numbe
10、r of parents prefer not to send their children to school. There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today.A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.B、 In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents.C、 Learning starts wit
11、h the childrens interests and questions.D、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers.【正确答案】D【答案解析】后文出现了 home-schoolers,根据选项，这里应该是对这个词的定 义，因此选D。第24题【单项选择题】2008.04 It has been found that a strong help overcome the effects of distraction.A、interruptionB、motivationC、evaluationD、destin
12、ation【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查名词词义区分。A.打搅、中；断 B.动机、诱因；C. 评估、评价；D.目的地、终点。整句话的意思是：人们发现一个很强的动机 可以帮助克服干扰物的影响。11第25题【单项选择题】【完成句子】 Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always spent 15 minutes reading something before he went to sleep ea
13、ch day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. made no diff ere nee.You are advised to read something before youA、find the topic sentencesB、find out the new wordsC、keep reading fastD、go to bed every day【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段提到一位著名的医生不管晚上睡得多晚，都要花15分钟读点 东西，那已经成为习惯。所以此题说“在你干什么之前，建议你读点东西，从选 项中看只有D项合适。第
14、26题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency. This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages their pro
15、spects as a presidential contender.Q: One of Hillarys campaign promises is to reform the nation/s health care system.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选C。问题句说Hillary的一个竞选承诺是改革国家的医疗制度J 而本段只是说女人做教育和医疗方面的工作有优势，没有说Hillary的一个竞选12承诺式改革国家的医疗制度，因此问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。第27题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Secondary school had i
16、ts own share of challenges. I was a tall kid and wasnt good at any sport, except looking. I loved basketball and tennis. The first day I held a racket, and I was disgraced by my opponent. He won six straight sets without sweat and there I was, sweating badly like Id run a marathon, whereas I hadnt e
17、ven made a single point.Stanley was disgraced by his classmate in a.A、basketball gameB、tennis gameC、marathon gameD、football game【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo词义理解和事实细节题。通过关键词disgrace,考生可 迅速定位至本段，再通过本段的关键词racket,可以判定正确答案是网球比赛。第28题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The riches of the sea yet to be developed by mans technology are impre
18、ssive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.According to the author, technology is important because.A、resources on land are running short in ten yearsB、man can use it to explore the deeper
19、 seaC、it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD、ancient people used it to explore the sea【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段第一句作者提到The riches of the sea yet to be developed by mans technology are impressive,人类利用技术可以开发的海洋资源是惊人的。 段末说至U： Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the13ocean floor.然
20、而，大量有价值的矿物均还埋藏于海底。如铁，铜等等。其他三 项都没有提到。第29题【单项选择题】2009.10 he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely.A、AsB、WhenC、WhileD、Since【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查状语从句的附属连词。【译文】尽管（虽然）他有许多朋 友，但他常常感到孤独。第30题【单项选择题】【填句补文】 Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and
21、 have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him.A、 This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary.B、This doesnt necessarily mean that it will go well.C、 Most men and women lead lives that are un
22、interesting.D、 Both of you need time to get to know each other.【正确答案】A【答案解析】抓住关键词进行同义替换，也就是afraid,选项中this fear就是对 这种担忧的补充，这种担忧是完全没有必要的，除非被采访者确实是讨厌别人问 自己。第31题【单项选择题】14概括大意Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot o
23、f water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients （滋养）to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Ounces of Water Needed Per DayB、Importance o
24、f WaterC、Water in Our BodyD、The Function of Water【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过介绍水在我们身体里的含量、水存在身体的那些部位及水的一 些功能来证明水的重要性。因此选择Bo第32题【单项选择题】2009.04 Tom has done really amazed everyone in his class.A、WhatB、WhichC、ThatD、Who【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查主语从句的引导词的选择。译文：汤姆所做的事情使得他 班里的每个同学都感到吃惊。详细解答：what Tom has done指汤姆所做的事情； B哪一个；C （无词
25、义）；D谁。第33题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （伪科学）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had re
26、peatedly collided15 with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientistC、a science populariserD、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认为，Sagan与伪科学作斗争 的一个实例就是Sagan摧毁了 Velikovsky
27、的错误论述，即Velikovsky提出，在过 去几千年中，水星与地球和火星反复屡次相撞，这在圣经中有加载。第34题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】But Ellen really became famous in 2001. Aged only 24, she was one of only two women who entered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race（单人环 球帆船比赛）, which lasts 100 days. Despite many problems, she came second in the race out of
28、 24 competitors and she was given a very warm welcome when she returned.In the Vendee Globe race, Ellen won.A、a gold medalB、The Best Woman Sailor, awardC、The Young Sailor of the Year awardD、the second place【正确答案】D【答案解析】细节查找题答案特点：答案一般在原文有共同或相似关键词。第35题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The people of Kiribati are afraid tha
29、t one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth - literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide.Q: The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden16 high tid
30、e.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。该题目说的是：Kiribati的人民担忧他们的国家将被突发 的洪水淹没。该题源于第一句：Kiribati的国民担忧在近期的某一天，他们的国 家将会地球上面消失by a sudden high tide。第36题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Helping the planet is a big part of what our world trip is all about and thats exactly what we did this past week. We helped get a hydropo
31、nics farm started in a local village. This farm will be a model for the local villagers so they can start their very own self sustaining farm. Hydroponics is a type of farming that uses a third of the water needed in an average farm and uses no soil. A hydroponics farmA、is difficult to buildB、is a t
32、ype of farm without soilC、will cost lots of moneyD was started in the village before they came【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。词义理解题。根据关键词hydroponics farm迅速锁定本 段。再通过排除法可以判定B项是正确的。因为A和C表述的内容文章并没有 提到过。D项表述是错误的，因为那个村庄在他们去之前并没有这种hydroponics farmo是他们到了之后，帮助建立了一个模型。第37题【单项选择题】2008.04 The vehicle was traveling at speeds
33、90 miles per hour.A、in addition to17B、in view ofC in excess ofD、in search of【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查短语辨析。那辆车以超过每小时90英里的速度行驶。A. 除之外、例外；B.由看来、有鉴于；C.过分、超出；D.寻找、追 求。第38题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame hous
34、e where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississi
35、ppi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired the world because.A、she had managed to sav
36、e so much moneyB she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选c。only是绝对词，在选项D中出现，根据经验排除D；对 照原文第自然段最后句话 there was something quite exceptional about this woman说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲In the summer o
37、f 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大局部积攒的钱捐献 给了家乡的大学，A和B表达都不全面，答案是C。18第39题【单项选择题】2008.04 The farming methods have been improved with the invention ofthe new machine.A、efficientlyB、proficient
38、lyC、professionallyD、intentionally【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查副词词义辨析。句子翻译为：由于新机器的创造，人们已 经高效率地改进了农业耕种方法。A高效率地B熟练地 C职业地、专职地 D故意地、有意地。第40题【单项选择题】2009.01 Children have a natural about the world around them.A、certaintyB、capabilityC、clevernessD、curiosity【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子们对他们周围的事物有着天然的好奇心。考查名词词义 选择。A确定性，肯定的事；B能力，才能；C
39、精明，聪颖；D好奇心，求知 欲。第41题【单项选择题】The central theatre has a seating of more than 3, 000 people.A、capabilityB、capacity19第2题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth - literally. Several times this year,
40、the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide.Q: The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。该题目说的是：Kiribati的人民担忧他们的国家将被突发 的洪水淹没。该题源于第一句：Kiribati的国民担忧在近期的某一天，他们的国 家将会地球上面消失by a sudden hi
41、gh tide。第3题【单项选择题】2007.04 Because of the bad weather, the sports meet had to be.A、shut downB、done awayC、gone offD、called off【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。call off：取消，符合句意。shutdown：关闭（工 厂）；（工厂）停工，关闭。do away常与with搭配，构成do away with。go off： 爆炸，（闹铃）响。第4题【单项选择题】2008.10 It is strongly held that new must be introdu
42、ced to protect theright of the immigrants.C、abilityD、facility【正确答案】B【答案解析】题目意思：中央剧院能容纳3000多人就座。此题是词义选择题。A （实际）能力，才能，性能；B能力，容量，容积capacity后常接of doing sth.； C能力，技能，才智ability后常接to do sth.； D能力，才干，方便，设施较 正式用法，后常接in, with.第42题【单项选择题】2009.04 She everything else and concentrated on the task before her.A、set
43、 offB、set backC、set asideD、set up【正确答案】C【答案解析】译文：她把其他事情都放到一边，集中精力于她面前的任务。试题 分析：此题考查短语意义辨析。国详细解答：A出发、动身；B把（某物）置于 之后、延迟；C撇开、取消、废除；D建立、提出。第43题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Many of the islands were formed by the erup
44、tion （爆发）of ancient volcanoes （火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty.B、What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?C、 Theyre like a long necklace that stretches betwe
45、en North and South America.D、 But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.【正确答案】C20【答案解析】第一句话说的是：加勒比群岛形成了一个锁链，把加勒比海与大西 洋的其他局部分开。答案是C,因为它的第一个词是They,该词指The Caribbean Islands；而且在语义上也有很好的衔接。第44题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and st
46、retch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharp hours.You a
47、re advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will.A、help to keep your energy for the days workB、help you to control your temper early in the dayC、enable you to concentrate on your routine workD keep your energy cycle under control all day【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题问的是因果关系。回答这一问题的关键是看懂本段的第二句和 其他句子的联系。首先
48、要注意这一段的第一句Get off to a slow start which saves your energy,也就是说早上慢慢起床可以节省能量。紧接该句的三个句子都是 慢慢起床的具体做法。因此选项A是正确答案。第45题【单项选择题】2008.10 Never before so rapidly developing as it is today.A、has our country beenB、has been our countryC、our country has beenD、our country been has【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查语法。【译文】我们国家从未像现在这样高速开展。【详细21解答】否认词never在句首，该句子应采用局部倒装。第46题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The importanc