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1、2022年咸阳职业技术学院自考英语（二）练 习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the
2、great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this
3、paragraph is.A、Main Results of Recent ResearchesB、Popular Doubt about the New ViewC、Effect of Environment on IntelligenceD、Impact on School Education【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段提出了一个新的对智力的认识，与过去一些年的传统的把智力 看做是一种不变的能力的这种理解不同，它主张智力和人的成长环境有关。因此 选择Co第2题【单项选择题】【2009.10 The room was quiet,the occasional coughing from m
4、y throat.A、in caseB except forC、by farD、instead of第19题【单项选择题】2010.04 Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into five stages.A、moderateB、initialC、distinctD、 advanced【正确答案】C【答案解析】【译文】专家们已经发现正常的睡眠可以分为五个不同的阶段。【试 题分析】此题考查词汇。【详细解答】形容词的词义选取。第20题【单项选择题】【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a hay f
5、ence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summer/s end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can.A、seed
6、lots of sunflowersB、play games in the sunflower houseC、include plants with animal namesD、find their own playing section【正确答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出处，Bysumme向end“夏天结束的时候实 际上就是When autumn comes秋天来临的时候。答案选择B。第21题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part o
7、f the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already 10predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the pare
8、nt-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between privileged and disadvantaged children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Two Major Changed View of Intelli
9、genceB、Many of the differences in measured intelligenceC Main Results of Recent ResearchesD、Impact on School Education【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段文字的第一句话就把其内容点的很清楚，要介绍的是：Two major findings have emerged from these researches.而选项 C 中的 Main Results 只 过是major findings的另一种说法而己。第22题【单项选择题】2010.04 Even after decades of
10、 the two brothers recognized each otherimmediately.A、separationB、cooperationC、correspondenceD、communication【正确答案】A【答案解析】【译文】尽管已经分别了几十年，这两兄弟都是立刻认出了对方。 【试题分析】词汇题。【详细解答】名词的词义选取。第23题【单项选择题】2009.10 Poor speaker of English though he was at the time, he still managed to make himself.11A、understandB、underst
11、oodC、understandingD、to understand【正确答案】B【答案解析此题考查语法。那个时候虽然他说英语说得不好，但仍然可以让别 人听懂。非谓语动词的选用。过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动以及动作的完成。第24题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized
12、 for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of.A、industrially polluted soi
13、lsB、the element of iodineC、rock and soil chemistryD、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases,可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases, deficiency of 和 lack of表达同样的意思缺乏、缺少”，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第25题【单项选择题】2008.10 Johnson was unknown befor
14、e running for the presidency.A、visiblyB、visuallyC vertically12D、virtually【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查（形近的）副词词义区分。译文：事实上，约翰逊在参选 总统职位之前是个无名人士。A显然，明显地 B外表上，直观地C垂直地， 直立地 D实际上，事实上第26题【单项选择题】2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard.A、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解
15、析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第27题【单项选择题】阅读选择But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All wed have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is - remove the salt. This
16、 salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water byA、 heating it up.B、treating it with chemicals.C、taking salt out of it.D、drying it up.【正确答案】C【答案解析】海水之所以不能饮用就是因为它是咸的。答题依据是本段的remove the salt B|J take salt out。13第28
17、题【单项选择题】阅读选择We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things are heavy, we think of weight as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at a
18、ll. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth?A、1 pound.B、2 pounds.C 3 pounds.D、4 pounds.【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题问的是一磅茶如果被带出离地球外
19、表4000英里的地方，重量 会是多少？ 4000这个数字比拟关键，因为在本段最后一句中出现了这个词，一 看该句 If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4, 000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.只是把名词换了一下,很显然答案 就是变成原来重量的四分之一，因此正确答案是A。第29题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms
20、 as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because.A、humans, worms and rodents are di
21、fferent.B、most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet.C、the effect is not known.14D、genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans.【正确答案】B 【答案解析】此题答案可从本段的最后一句话中找出。第30题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with
22、 cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?A、Unequal access to medical care.B、Greater probability of having other diseases.C、Differences in the biology of the cancer.D、Early diagnosis.【正确答案】D 【答案解析
23、】本段指出 blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites,与D项内容是相反的，因此选D。第31题【单项选择题】【2009.01 Children have a natural about the world around them.A、certainty capability C、cleverness D、curiosity【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子们对他们周围的事物有着天然的好奇心。考查名词词义 选择。A确定性，肯定的事；B能力，才能；C精明，聪颖；D好奇心，求知 欲。第32题【单项选择题】152007.04
24、Having decided to rent a flat, we contacting housing agenciesin the city.A、set aboutset downC、set outD、set up【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查关于set的短语。contacting housing agencies：联系房屋 中介。根据句意，应该选set about。set about：开始做某事。set down：放下， 搁下;记下,记载，写下。set out：出发,开始,后面跟todosth。set up：建 立（事业）；成立（组织）；为某人提供必需品或有用的东西。第33题【单项选
25、择题】the staff to work hard.the staff to work hard.2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed toA、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第34题【单项选择题】2010.04 We have greatly the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion
26、.A、stimulatedB、perceivedC、obscuredD、simplified16【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】按照主席的提议我们已经大大地简化了步骤。【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析。【详细解答】动词的词义选取。第35题【单项选择题】【填句补文】David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school:. For example, when there
27、 is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears （北极熊）,and winter tourism. A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program.A、Some paren
28、ts prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values.B、Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions.C、 Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in
29、 reading and math.D、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. 【正确答案】B【答案解析】此空要填的是home-schoolers与其他孩子学习的不同点，因此选B。第36题【单项选择题】No sooner had we reached home a violent storm broke out.A、whenB、 thatC、untilD、 than【正确答案】D【答案解析】题目意思：我们刚一到家，一场猛烈的暴风雨就下起来了。此题是 固定搭配题。此题是n
30、o soonerthan 一就.17第37题【单项选择题】【2010.04 What her grandfather said left a impression on her mind. She stillremembers it.A、finalB、 vagueC、 deepD、main【正确答案】C【答案解析】译文：她爷爷说的事情给她留下深刻的印象，她仍然还记得。此题 考查词汇。形容词意义区分题。final最终的，vague模糊的，deep深的，main 主要的。第38题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】War may be a natural expression of biological i
31、nstinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality （守卫地盘的天性）are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate （天生的） survival mechanism, an instinct for self-p
32、reservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are alw
33、ays conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the
34、ritual and ethical （道德上 的）patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that.A、it threatens the existing social systems18B、it is influenced by societyC、it has roots in religious conflictsD、it is directed against institutions of l
35、aw【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性是a learned behavior可以知道此题的答案应该就在本段的后面局部。接下来的第二句话即 说人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior,将其定型为侵略性行为。第39题【单项选择题】2009.01 Modern economics the countrys agricult
36、ural policies.A、undergoesB、understandsC、underliesD、undertakes【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。句意：现代经济学是国家农业政策的基础。考 查形近动词词义。A经历，经受；B 了解；C成为的基础；D承当，保证。第40题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixin
37、g with other people in adult life. However, most parents dont have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B A number of
38、parents prefer not to send their children to school.C Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers.19【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查介词短语意义区分。【译文】这个房间很安静，除了偶尔 从我喉咙里发出的咳嗽声以外。A以免、以防万一 B除了以外C到目前 为止D代替、而不是第3题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing so
39、me piece of pseudoscience （伪科学）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinio
40、n, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientistC、a science populariserD、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认为，Sagan与伪科学作斗争 的一个实例就是Sagan摧毁了 Velikovsky的错误论述，即Velikovsky提出,在过 去几千年中，水星与地球和火星反复屡次相撞，这在圣经中有加载。第4题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Every year, in November; Thanksgiving
41、 Day reminds us of the good things in life, and people are thankful. On this day people usually eat turkey and great quantities of other foods.Q: The turkey is a most popular food on Thanksgiving Day.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not GivenD、Others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their
42、children by teaching them at home.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段大意是“对home schooling提出了质疑”,需要注意前面说到 了“critics say,空格处与之对应的是“Critics also say”。第41题【单项选择题】【2008.10 It took a few seconds for her eyes to to the darkness.A、allocateB、adoptC、applyD、adjust【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查动词词义辨析、【译文】她花了几秒钟时间使眼睛适应黑 暗。【详细解答】A分配，拨出 B收养，过继 C应用
43、，申请 D调 整，使适合第42题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】But Ellen really became famous in 2001. Aged only 24, she was one of only two women who entered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race（单人环 球帆船比赛），which lasts 100 days. Despite many problems, she came second in the race out of 24 competitors and she was given a very w
44、arm welcome when she returned.In the Vendee Globe race, Ellen won.A、a gold medalB、The Best Woman Sailor awardC、The Young Sailor of the Year awardD、the second place【正确答案】D【答案解析】细节查找题答案特点：答案一般在原文有共同或相似关键词。20第43题【单项选择题】【阅读选择Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their str
45、ucture, function and genetics, in their development and production of the young and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adap
46、tations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to show that a living thing may have the
47、ability.A、to create an environment of its ownB、to remain still when an enemy is nearC、to make food from inorganic chemicalsD、to change the color of its skin【正确答案】A【答案解析】作者举例，证明观点；例子不需要看懂，关键要看论据；一般论点 在前（前一句或段落首句），论据在后。第44题【单项选择题】It is obvious how bad movies will impact children.A、onB、toC、withD、in【正确答
48、案】A【答案解析】impact有时也可以当作一个动词来用，与之搭配的介词仍然是on。 句意：坏电影对儿童会产生什么影响是显而易见的。21第45题【单项选择题】2008.04 The farming methods have been improved with the invention ofthe new machine.A、efficientlyB、proficientlyC professionallyD、intentionally【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查副词词义辨析。句子翻译为：由于新机器的创造，人们已 经高效率地改进了农业耕种方法。A高效率地 B熟练地 C职业地、专职 地 D故意地、有意地。第46题【单项选择题】The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from in the living room.A、thatB、itC、oneD、which【正确答案】A