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1、高中英语新教材情境化新题人与自然专题地球和宇宙探索阅读理解(每题2分，共30分)A (2021 江苏扬州市高三模拟)From this issue, we explore why the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SET!) Institute hasnt turned up anything since its founding in the 1980s. (See page 30 for more.) We asked our Facebook followers: Do you think that astronomers wil
2、l find evidence of alien life in your lifetime?Loran McCormick: 1 thinks they already have it. Judging by the sudden industrialization, I figure they found something thats probably been here since before humans walked the Earth.Jens Avery: We may find life, but it may not want anything to do with us
3、. We are not very advanced and can*t even get along with each other.Steven Burrow: I think the more important question is will any government ever publicly admit it in our lifetime? I fully believe that we could discover alien life today and the government would simply say the public is not ready fo
4、r this information.Jenna Walsh: I think we already see it, but just dont realize what it is. Intelligent alien life probably doesnt want anything to do with the disaster that is Earth at this point, so no doubt theyre playing it safe and observing from a safe distance.Christopher Harvey: By alien li
5、fe, do you mean intelligent alien life? Then no. It would be extremely hard to find, short of them coming down to Earth. But if you mean unintelligent alien life, like bacteria or single cell, we might.1. Why did we ask the Facebook followers the question?A. To question the efficiency of SETLB. To c
6、onfirm the appearance of aliens on earth.C. To ensure the existence of aliens.D. To complain about the failure to find aliens.2. Who doubts the ever visits of aliens to the earth? 他和塔特女士设计了“地球计划”号召世界各地的人们上传歌曲的片段，他计划将 这些歌曲融合成人类的集体合唱。）可知，地球计划打算创造一个人类的合唱。应选 B项。14 .词义猜想题。根据第三段第二句Distant beings can in th
7、eory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more.（遥远的生物理论上已 经可以欣赏秘鲁的排箫、纳瓦霍的圣歌、巴赫、贝多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音 乐类型很多。再根据划线词所在句的But,可以判断之前的作品没能包含人类歌曲的 多样性，故由此可知划线词词义为“包含”，选A项。15 .推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句Download the Earthling Project app, sing up to three songs of 30 seconds each, and your voi
8、ce will be sent into the sky.（ 下载地球 计划”应用程序，唱三首歌，每首歌30秒，你的声音就会被发送到太空中。）可知， 本段的目的是邀请读者参加地球计划。应选D项。阅读填空（每题2分，共10分）（2021.四川泸州市.高三三模）The Cassini-Huygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week has sent back amazing photographs of the planets famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light. 16. The differen
9、t colors show exactly what the rings are. The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases. 17. That*s why it is so light and it could float on water-if a big enough ocean could be found!18 . It aims to explore the planet
10、and its rings and moons. It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant“ planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.Scientists say the space crafts four-year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed. 19.The probe has sent ba
11、ck pictures of some of Saturn*s moons, including Phoebe and Titan. Phoebe has a strange shape. 20. Saturn*s biggest moon, Titan, is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface. The images of Phoebe and Titan look strangely like photos of the Earth
12、 and our own moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.A. Saturn itself is made of gases.B. The pictures are hard to take in space.C. The probe is an international space project.D. They will discover more secrets about the spacecraft.E. The pictures show them in shades of blue, green an
13、d red.F. It will also study the planets atmosphere and magnetic field.G. Unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectly round.【答案】16. E17. A18. C19. F20. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。上周抵达土星的Cassini-Huygens太空探测器发回了土 星著名光环的惊人照片，这些照片是通过紫外线观测到的，文章主要介绍了 Cassini-Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。16. I艮据上文“The Cassini-Huyg
14、ens space probe, which reached Saturn last week has sent back amazing photographs of the planet*s famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.（上 周抵达土星的Cassini-Huygens太空探测器发回了土星著名光环的惊人照片，这些照片 是通过紫外线观测到的）”可知，上文提到了探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上 文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中photographso故E选 项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示他们”
15、符合语境，应选E。17. 根据上文“The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.（红色表示环中含有小块岩石，蓝 色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物）“以及后文That，s why it is so light and it could float on waterif a big enough ocean could be found!（这就是为什么它这么轻，而且它可 以漂浮在水上如果能
16、找到足够大的海洋的话！广可知，上文提到了照片上蓝色和 绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文那么说这就是它这么轻的原因，可知本句是在 说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组 成的“符合语境，应选A。18. 根据后文“It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons. It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be se
17、en from the Earth without a telescope.（它的目的是探索行星及其环和卫星。它于 1997年发射，其任务是探索这颗“气体巨星”，这是不用望远镜就能从地球上看到的最 远的行星）可知，后文主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，后文中It指代C选项中The probeo故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间工程”符合语境，应选C。19. 根据上文“Scientists say the space crafts four-year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed4科学家表示，航天器在土星的4年旅行可能会告
18、诉他们土星 环是如何形成的）”可知，上文提到了航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文 中the space crafts0故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境，应选F。20. 根据上文“The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturns moons, including Phoebe and Titan. Phoebe has a strange shape.（探测器发回 了一些土星卫星的照片，包括 菲比和土卫六。菲比的形状很奇怪）”可知，上文提到了土星卫星菲比形状很奇怪，可 知本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项
19、中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G 选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆符合语境，应选G。A. Loran McCormick.B. Steven Burrow.C. Jenna Walsh.D. Christopher Harvey.3. Where does this text probably come from?A. An album.B. A science fiction.C. A magazine.D. A travel guide.【答案】1. A2. D3. C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是关于外星人是否存在的讨论。1 .推理判断题。根据文章第一段“From
20、this issue, we explore why the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence （SETI） Institute hasnt turned up anything since its founding in the 1980s.（从这一期开始，我们就来探究为什么自上世纪80年代成立以来，外星智能 探索研究所（SETI）一直没有发现任何东西）”可知，SETI这个工程上世纪80年代后就没 有现身说法了，可推断，问Facebook的粉丝这个问题是质疑其是否取得进展。应选A。2 .细节理解题。根据 Christopher Harvey 的
21、陈述“By alien life, do you mean intelligent alien life? Then no.（你说的外星生命，是指有智慧的外星生命吗？那么就是 没有）“可知，Christopher Harvey否认了有智力的外星生物的存在。应选D。3 .推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，这是一个问题和讨论，不会出现在专辑、科 幻小说或者导游手册里，只可能出现在杂志上。应选C。B （2021合肥市第六中学）The famous scientist Stephen Hawking spoke at a science festival in Norway in 2017, “We ar
22、e running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. Im convinced that humans need to leave Earth.”Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to
23、 colonize （移民于）other planets. That way, if a terrible disease, nuclear war or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United ArabEmirates, the private company Space, and the organization Mars
24、One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct J Space founder Elton Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it
25、s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. Its not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that ruins the planet.Maybe all the
26、time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid （小行星）strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier
27、and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host micro-organism like. Human visitors may destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian envi
28、ronment. Some feel thats too much of a risk to take.4. Why did the author mention NASA, the United Arab Emirates, Space and Mars One?A. To stress the risk of dying out on Earth.B. To provide evidence for Hawkings theory.C. To show growing intention of moving to Mars.D. To explain the advanced techno
29、logy in astronomy.5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Civilization is difficult to maintain on Earth.B. It is costly and risky to colonize Mars.C. Poverty is the most urgent problem to handle.D. All the time and money should be spent on Earth.6. What does the underlined word “uninhabited“ mean
30、in the last paragraph?A. Not fit to live on.B. Not steady to keep.C. Not easy to approach.D. Not safe to set foot on.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Mars, Our Future PlanetB. Moving to A New PlanetC. Should We Colonize Mars?D. Stay Home or Outer Space?【答案】4. C5. B6. A
31、7. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了我们是否应该移民去火星的问题，并 阐述了支持和反对两种观点。4 .推理判断题。根据第二段关键句Mars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company Space, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there.（火星是最吸引人的目的地之一。美国宇航局、 阿拉伯联合酋长国、私营公司Space和火星一号组织都计划将人类送往那
32、里。）可知， 美国宇航局、阿拉伯联合酋长国、私营公司Space和火星一号组织都计划将人类送往 火星，由此可知，作者提到美国宇航局、阿拉伯联合酋长国、Space和火星一号是为 了说明不断增长的移民火星的意图。应选C项。5 .细节理解题。根据第三段关键句But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that its just too expensive or dangerous.（但并非所
33、有人都同意在火星或任何其他星球殖民是一 个伟大的计划。反对移民的最常见的理由是太贵或太危险。）可知，移民去火星是昂 贵的和危险的，由此可知，我们能从这篇文章中得知移民火星既昂贵又危险。应选B 项。6 .词义猜想题。根据画线单词后句“but it could possibly host micro-organism like” （但它可能会有像微生物这类东西居住）可知，后文提到了火星上可能会有像微生物 这类有生命的物体存在，结合转折连词“but”可知，“Mars seems uninhabited”指的是“火 星似乎无人居住”，“uninhabited”表示“无人居住”Not fit to li
34、ve on”意为“不适合生活”, 符合句意。应选A项。7 .主旨大意题。通读文章，根据第二段关键句Mars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company Space, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there.（火星是最吸引人的目的地 之一。美国宇航局、阿拉伯联合酋长国、私营公司Space和火星一号组织都计划将人 类送往那里。）和第三段关键句But not ev
35、eryone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that its just too expensive or dangerous（但并不是所有人都同意移民火星或其他星球是一个伟大的计 划。反对移民的最常见的理由是太贵或太危险。）可知，本文主要讨论了我们是否应 该移民去火星的问题，并阐述了支持和反对两种观点，“Should We Colonize Mars?”意 为“我们应该移民火星吗？ ”选项能够概括文章主
36、要内容。应选C项。C （2021临川一中实验学校高三三模）Unusually bright light in the sky that appeared suddenly last June has got astronomers in great excitement. After months of study, they still arent sure what the object 一 universally referred to as the “Cow 一 is. Whatever it is, says astronomer Lillian Rivera Sandoval of
37、 Texas Tech University in Lubbock, “Its super strange.The Cow first appeared in telescope observations on 16 June 2018, in what turned out to be a small galaxy （星系）about 200 million light years away. When we saw that we thought, lefs get on this, says Daniel Parley, an astronomer at Liverpool John M
38、oores University.The early observations confirmed the Cow was truly strange. It didnt show the obvious changes in its light output that an exploding star would make. Sandoval says as soon as she and colleagues knew the Cow was truly distant, they requested time on NASAs Neil Genres Swift Observatory
39、 to see what the Cow was doing in X-rays. Although the X-ray brightness varied over the early weeks, the spectrum （光谱）didnt change, which is very unusual/9 she notes. After 3 weeks, the X-ray signal began to vary more wildly while also dropping off in brightness.Many astronomers agree that the long
40、and steady duration of the event means that it was powered after an initial explosion by some form of central engine. But what that engine may be is also far from clear. Some argue that it could be a very unusual star whose central part has collapsed (坍塌)inward after it exploded. Others say it is a
41、tidal disruption event - a star being torn apart by a black hole. But that usually requires the supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy, and the Cow is situated in its galaxys arm. So, some say, it could be a tidal disruption event generated by an intermediate mass black hole, although evi
42、dence for the existence of such smaller black holes remains controversial. All explanations have problems/9 Sandoval says, “I hope there are more Cows.”8. What is astronomers9 main concern about the Cow?A. What it is.B. How it forms.C. When it appears.D. Where it is from.9. What did Sandoval and her
43、 team hope to find out about the Cow in X-rays at NASA?A. What the Cow was doing.B. How far the Cow is from the earth.C. Whether the Cow is an exploding star.D. Why the X-ray signals varied wildly.1(). What do Sandovals words at the end of the text probably mean?A. The research results help little.B
44、. More Cows will appear.C. Extra attention should be paid to the Cow.D. More information is needed.11. What is the best title for the text?A. A Strange Explosion in Deep SpaceB. An Interesting Observation of NASAC. A Wide Range of Changes in the GalaxiesD. A Great Achievement in Astronomy【答案】8. A9.
45、AW. Dll. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一个新出现在太空中的发光体引起天文 学家的极大关注，但对它的观察结论却难达共识。8 .推理判断题。根据第一段After months of study, they still arent sure what the object - universally referred to as the “Cow 一 is.”（经过几个月的研究，他们仍然不 确定这个普遍被称为“Cow”的物体是什么）可知天文学家们首要关心的是“Cow”是什么。 应选Ao9 .细节理解题。根据第三段Sandoval says as soon as she and co
46、lleagues knew the Cow was truly distant, they requested time on NASAs Neil Genres Swift Observatory to see what the Cow was doing in X-rays.” （Sandoval 说，当她和她的同事知道 Cow 真的 很遥远时，他们请求NASA的Neil Genres Swift天文台给他们时间，用x射线来观察 Cow在做什么）可知Sandoval和她的团队希望通过NASA的x射线发现Cow正在做 什么。应选Ao10 .推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, some say,
47、 it could be a tidal disruption event generated by an intermediate mass black hole, although evidence for the existence of such smaller black holes remains controversial. “All explanations have problems,“ Sandoval says, “I hope there are more Cows.（因此，有人说，这可能是由一个中等质量黑洞产 生的潮汐破坏事件，尽管关于这种较小黑洞存在的证据仍然存在争
48、议。“所有的解释都 有问题-Sandoval说，“我希望有更多的Cows。）观测。0亚得出的结论都有问题， 由此推断，她希望有更多的Cow提供更多的信息。应选D。11 .主旨大意题。根据第一段Unusually bright light in the sky that appeared suddenly last June has got astronomers in great excitement. After months of study, they still arent sure what the object - universally referred to as the “C
49、ow” 一 is. Whatever it is, says astronomer Lillian Rivera Sandoval of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Its super strange.“（去年6月天空中突然出现的异常明亮的光让天文学家非常兴奋。经过几个 月的研究，他们仍然不确定这个普遍被称为“Cow”的物体是什么。拉伯克市德克萨斯 理工大学的天文学家Lillian Rivera Sandoval说:“不管它是什么，它都超级奇怪。”） 结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了一个新出现在太空中的发光体引起天文学家的 极大关注，但对它的观察结论却难达