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1、英国文学史及选读PPT课件Self-introductiono雷艳妮oMobile:13660302728Reference Books about Selected Readingso杨岂深，孙铢主编，英国文学选读（Selected Readings in English Literature)第1，2，3册，上海：上海译文出版社，1981年版。oNorton Anthology of English Literature.Chapter I Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)oHistorical backgroundoBeowolfHistorical Backgr
2、oundoBritain includes Scotland,Wales,Ireland as well as EnglandoBritain was originally inhabited by primitive Celtic tribes known as Britons.Major InvasionsoBy the Romans:43 A.D.-the early fifth centuryoBy the English(the tribes of Anglo,Saxons and Jutes):in the middle of the fifth centuryoBy the No
3、rmans:by Norman-French invaders in 1066.Roman ConquestoIn the middle of the first century B.C.,Roman troops led by Julius Caesar invaded Britain,then Claudius conquered it in A.D.43 and Britain became a Roman province till the beginning of the fifth century.Then in early 5th century,the Roman garris
4、ons in Britain withdrew.English InvasionoIn the mid-5th century,the tribes of Anglo,Saxons and Jutes(later known simply as Anglo-Saxons)migrated to England from the European continent,or more specifically from western Denmark and the northwest coast of Germany.Norman ConquestoThe Normans from Norman
5、dy in northern France came to invade England in 1066.Under the leadership of William the Duke of Normandy who claimed the succession to the English throne,they succeeded in defeating the English troops and conquering the whole of England.After the Norman ConquestoAfter the Norman conquest,for over 3
6、00 years,French was used dominantly in Britain.oBy the end of the fourteenth century,when Normans and English intermingled,English was once more the dominant speech in the country.Change in LanguageoBefore Roman Conquest,the Britons speak Celtic language.oIn the Roman period,LatinoThe Anglo-Saxons s
7、peak Old English,which belongs to the Germanic language family.Middle English or Medieval EnglishoIn the three centuries after 1066 the language had undergone gradual but radical and extensive changes.Not only were borrowed in the course of time thousands of words from French and through French from
8、 Latin and also Greek,but many old inflectional forms of native English words had been dropped and former grammar of the past had become considerably simplified.Middle English or Medieval EnglishoThe English language in this transitional stage from old English to modern English,through some four cen
9、turies(from 12th to 15th)of development and change,has generally been known as Middle English.BeowulfoThe first great English literary workoNational epic of the Anglo-SaxonsoThe poem was composed in the oral form,sung by the bards at the end of the sixth centuryoThe story took place in Scandinavia.o
10、It contains 3183 lines of alliterative verse,being the longest of the early Anglo-Saxon poems preserved.GrendeloGrendel is the first monster that appears in the poem and becomes the symbol of“fallen mankind”.He is a descendant of Cain,who committed the first murder in the Bible when he killed his br
11、other Abel.oGrendel is an extreme example of evil and corruptionStructure of BeowulfoThree adventureso1.fight with Grendelo2.fight with Grendels mothero3.fight with a dragon.Beowulf is now an aged kingThe Influence of ChristianityoBeowulf is a link between two traditions,the pagan and the Christian.
12、The virtue of courage in war and the acceptance of feuds between men and countries as a fact of life stem from the older pagan tradition.Beowulf is buried in accordance with pagan ritual(cremation).The Epic PoemoBeowulf is part of the tradition of epic poetry that began with the poems of Homer-The Iliad and The Odyssey-and with Virgils Aeneid.All these poems deal with the affaires and deeds of brave men,and focus on the exploits and deeds of one man in particular.