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1、Chapter The Age of Romanticism1798-18325/26/2023 1By the close of the eighteenth century,the world had witnessed several major political 1.the American and French revolutions,2.exceptional social upheavals,3.prominent changes in philosophical thought.1.Historical background5/26/2023 2A Review of Bri
2、tish LiteratureFrench Revolution:-The time spirit described by Charles Dickens:(A Tale of Two Cities)5/26/2023 3 It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity,it was the season of Ligh
3、t,it was the season of Darkness,it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair,we had everything before us,we had nothing before us,we were all going direct to Heaven,we were all going direct the other way 5/26/2023 42.Romanticism:In a historical sense,Romanticism was a movement in philosoph
4、y,political theory,and the arts that developed in France and Germany in the latter half of the eighteenth century and flourished in England through to the first three decades in the nineteenth century.The most prominent historical event associated with Romanticism was the French Revolution(1789-1799
5、),which for many presaged the end of aristocratic rule and hereditary social divisions in Europe.5/26/2023 62.1 Origins of RomanticismThe tone of Romanticism was shaped by the emotionalism of Rousseau,and the exotic legends and mythology found in Oriental and Homeric literatures and 17th-cent.travel
6、 writers.5/26/2023 72.2 Rene Wellek:“The Concept of Romanticism in Literary History”(1963):Romanticism is often associated with the primacy of imagination,the worship of nature,and the use of natural imagery and symbolism in myth making.5/26/2023 83.William Wordsworth 3.1“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”
7、:It is Lyrical Ballads that ushers in the Romantic age in English literature.Not only does Wordsworth suggest a radical change in subject matter,but he also dramatically shifts focus concerning poetrys“proper language.”Unlike Pope and his predecessors,Wordsworth chooses“language really used by peopl
8、eeveryday speech.Wordsworth redefines poetry itself:“For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”Wordsworth highlighted poetrys emotional quality.Imagination,not reason or disciplined thought,becomes its core.5/26/2023 103.2 William Wordsworth:“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
9、(1807)1.Background of this poem;2.The poets mood is inspired by the natural scene,but he also seems to exploit the natural landscape in retrospect to alter his mood.In this way,nature serves as a means of self-expression,but what is expressed often betokens self-absorption.5/26/2023 1 15.George Gord
10、on Byron:Don Juan(“The Isles of Greece”)After Don Juan,legendary 14th-century Spanish nobleman and libertineDon Juan:A libertine;a profligate.A man who is an obsessive seducer of women.Completed in 1819,published in 1821allusion:an indirect or inexplicit reference by one text to another text,to a hi
11、storical occurrence,or to myths and legends.Allusions in“The Isles of Greece”:persons,places,battles.Byron and China:“The Isles of Greece”is full of Revolutionary zeal,democratic ideal.5/26/2023 137.John Keats(1795-1821):“To Autumn”:Image:A word,phrase,or a figure of speech,a simile or a metaphor that addresses the senses,suggesting mental pictures of sights,sounds,smells,tastes,feelings or actions.Images offer sensory impressions to the reader and also convey emotions and moods through their verbal pictures.5/26/2023 15