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1、1定语从句定语从句The attributive clauses定语从句一般都跟在它所修饰的名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。一、定义一、定义在复合句中，修饰主语句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。定语从句起形容词作用，主句中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。如：Li Ming is the first boy who reached the top of the mountain that day.先行词定语从句李明是那天第一个登上山顶的孩子。二、组成结构二、组成结构定语从句的构成方法是：先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句1关系
2、代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as 等；关系副词：when,where,why 等2关系词的功能：A.引导定语从句；B.指代前面所修饰的先行词；C.在定语从句中充当某种相对应的句子成份；D.在限定性定语从句关系代词作宾语可以省略。例如：The boy(who/that/whom)we saw yesterday was my classmates.先行词关系词定语从句注意：在定语从句中相应的成份应省去，因为该成份已由关系词充当。关关 系系 词词（引导词）（引导词）指指代代对对象象作作用用主主 语语宾宾语语定定 语语表表 语语状状 语语关关系系代代词词that人人/物
3、物which物物as人人/物物Who人人Whom人人whose人人/物物关系副词关系副词when时间时间Where地点地点why原因原因注意：当先行词作宾语时可省略，但作主语时决不能省略；例如：The girl who/that is reading English is Wei Hua.(指人，作主语，不可省略)Here is the man(whom/who/that)you are looking for.(指人，作宾语，可省略)Its the question that/which needs careful consideration.(指物，作主语，不可省略)The book(wh
4、ich/that)you lent me is very interesting.(指物，作宾语，可省略)The missing pilot whose name is Wang Wei is known as a hero of our country.(指人，作定语)The chair whose leg was broken has been repaired.(指物，作定语)2I will never forget the day when I went to university.(指时间，作状语)I have found a peaceful place where I can s
5、tudy.(指地点，作状语)This is reason why he was late.(指原因，作状语)三、定语从句种类三、定语从句种类定语从句有两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。两者区别：1、限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导限定性定语从句的关系词有 who,whom,whose,that,which,as,when,where,why 等；2、非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。关系代词用 which，不用 that；指人时可用 who,whom。如：This is the
6、sister who have been to NewYork twice.(限定性定语从句)I have two sisters,who are both students.(非限定性定语从句)I have lost the pen,which I like very much.（非限定性定语从句，不可用 that）四、介词四、介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.这是一个由“perp+关系代词”引导的定语从句。用这类定语从句时必须注意以下几点：1 当先行词是人，而关系代词在定语从
7、句中作介词宾语，且介词位于从句的句首与关系代词连用时，使用“perp+whom”引导定语从句。The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Herry.2 当先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语，且介词位于从句的句首与关系代词连用时，使用“perp+which”引导定语从句。The hospital in which I was born was very small.3 介词可后移，关系代词可省略。The person(whom/who/that)I lent my bicycle to is Mr Ball.The hospital(which/t
8、hat)I was born in was very small.4 含有介词的短语动词 look for,look after 等，在定语从句中不要拆开，也就是说不要介词放在从句句首。Is this the pen(which/that)you are looking for?The person he is looking for is his brother.5 位于介词后不可用 that 引导定语从句改错：Do you know the way in that he solved the problem?6 对于“perp+关系代词”引导定语从句，如何选择介词这个问题，可归纳为以下几点
9、：（1）.根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配。如：Do you know the man with whom you just shook hands?(2).由先行词决定。如：Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.(3).由句子表达的全部意思决定。如：Water is very important for us without which we cant live.7.特殊使用：Mr Green is the boss in whose company my sister works.I have no room in whic
10、h to live.(不可用 where 代替 in which，在不定式前只能用prep+which 作定语修饰前面的名词)五、五、that 和和 which 的用法的用法1关系代词在指物时只用关系代词在指物时只用 that，不用，不用 which 的情况的情况3(1)当先行词是不定代词，如 all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one等AllAll THATTHAT can be done has been done.I didnt want this recorder;I want thethe oneone T
11、HATTHAT wasborrowed yesterday.(2)先行词（指物的）前面有 only,few,one of,little,no,all,every,very 等词修饰时Theres nono difficulty THATTHAT we cant overcome.Ive read allall the books THATTHAT can be borrowed here.This is the veryvery man THATTHAT I want to see.(3)先行词被序数词 first,last,next 等或形容词的最高级修饰时This is thethe fi
12、rstfirst letter THATTHAT Ive written inEnglish.She is thethe mostmost careful girl THATTHAT Ive ever known.(4)当先行词既有人又有物时They talked about thethe peoplepeople andand placesplaces THATTHAT theyhad visited.(5)当先行词是系动词be后面表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时(无论先行词是人还是物)Shanghai isnt the city THATTHAT it used to bebe 60 yea
13、rsago.He is no longer the man THATTHAT he used to bebe.(6)当主句是以 who,which 或 what开头的特殊疑问句时WhoWho is the man THATTHAT is waiting at the school gate?WhichWhich is the car THATTHAT ran over a dog yesterday?WhatWhat did you see THATTHAT made you so angry?(7)7)当主句以当主句以 ThereThere bebe结构开头结构开头时时，或关系代词在 the
14、re be结构中作实义主语，先行项为物ThereThere isis a a seatseat inin thethe cornercorner THATTHAT isis stillstill free.free.ThereThere areare twotwo booksbooks onon historyhistory THATTHAT areare forfor youyou.The 9.15 is the fastest train THATTHAT therethere hashas evereverbeenbeen.(8)当先行词是基数词时Yesterday I caught t
15、wo fish and put them in a basinof water.Now you can see thethe twotwo THATTHAT are stillalive.2关系代词指物时只用关系代词指物时只用 which 而不用而不用 that 的情况的情况(1)关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提至关系代词前时只用 which，但当介词在从句句尾时，两者皆可。This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.=This is the question which/that weve had so muc
16、h discussion about.This is the book which/that I am looking for.(此时 for 不可以提到 which 之前，因 look for 是固定搭配，不能拆开。)(2)、在非限定性定语从句中必须用 which，不能用 that。They have invited me to visit their country,which is kind of them.(此时 which 引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，不可用 that，也不可置于句首。)注意：which 作介词宾语引导定语从句或在非限定性定语从句中不能省略。六、六、定语从
17、句中定语从句中只用只用 whowho,不用不用 thatthat 的情况的情况41先行词是 one,ones 或anyone 时;先行词为those 或被 those 修饰，指人时OneOne whowho does not work hard will never succeed.AnyoneAnyone whowho breaks the law should be punished.She is thethe onlyonly oneone of the students whowho has been to theUSA.ThoseThose whowho learn not only
18、 from books but also throughpractice will succeed.2在以 there be的句子中，先行词为人时There is a comradecomrade outside whowho wants to see you.3当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时The student thatthat wonwon thethe firstfirst prizeprize isis thethe monitormonitor whowhoworks hard.4在非限制性定语从句中指人I met a friend of mine in the str
19、eet,whowho had just comefrom America.5定语从句中有插入语时,且先行项为人时Jackson is a man whowho I I believebelieve is honest.七、七、as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1、as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或状语，构成 the same as,such as,as as,so as 等结构。例如：I like the same book as you do.(as 作宾语)I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as 作状语
20、)2、as 引导非限定性定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：As we all know,he studies very hard.(as 指代整个句子,作宾语)The experiment is very important,as indeed it is.(as 指代整个句子,作表语)常用的这种类似插入语的句式有 as is said above,as is already mentioned above,as isknown to all,as it is,as is often the case,as is reported
21、 in the newspaper 等。3、关系代词 as 和 which 在定语从句中的区别是：which 不能放在句首，而 as 则可以；在句中时，as 有“正如”、“就象”之意，而 which 指“这一点”、“这一切”或“这么一种状况”如：It rained heavily,which added to our difficulty.As is known to us,Taiwan is part of China.=Taiwan is part of China,as is known to us.八、定语从句的主谓一致八、定语从句的主谓一致1、关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先
22、行词的性和数保持一致。I,who am your friend,enjoy traveling.Those who want to go for a strike sign your names here.Anyone who breaks the rules will be published.2、在“one of+名词（复数）”这一结构作为先行词时，从句中谓语动词应用复数，而“theonly one of+名词（复数）”作为先行词时，从句中谓语动词应用单数。This is one of the books which were written by Lu Xun.He is the onl
23、y one of the boys who has learned French.定语从句考点强化练习定语从句考点强化练习5一、一、定语从句专项突破练习1.I,_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who isB.who amC.that isD.which am2.The old man has two sons,_ are lawyers.A.both of themB.both of whoC.both of whomD.both of they3.He is a man of great knowledge,_ mu
24、ch can be learned.A.in whomB.about whomC.from whomD.of whom4.I can tell you _ he told me last week.A.all whichB.all whatC.that allD.all that5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burnA.thatB./C.whichD.what6.Air,_we breathe every day,is around us all the time.A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.This is the museum _
25、we saw an exhibition the other day.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.in that8.This museum is _ you visited the other day.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.the one9.This is the museum _ you saw the other day.A.thatB.whereC.in whichD.in that10.It is the third time _ late this month.A.that you arrivedB.when you arrivedC.that
26、youve arrivedD.when youve arrived11.It was in 1969_ the American astronaut succeeded in landingon the moon.A.thatB.whichC.in whichD.when12.We often think of the days _we spent together on the island.A.whenB.whichC.in whichD.during which13.Have you ever been to Shanghai,_I left ten years agoA.whereB.
27、whichC.thatD.when14.He has left Beijing,_a meeting is to be held.A.whenB.whereC.asD.which15.This is the very place _Im wishing to live in.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.in which16.I have bought the same dress _she is wearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD than17.Can you solve such problems _raised by the audienceA.what
28、wereB.as wereC.that wereD.which were18.The reason _he didnt come was _he was injured.A.that,becauseB.why,thatC.why,becauseD.that,that19.He must be from Africa,_can be seen from his skin.A.thatB.asC.itD.what20.His father died last year,_made it impossible for him to go abroad.A.whenB.whichC.asD.that2
29、1._is natural,he married Mary.6A.ItB.WhatC.WhichD.As22.The buses,_were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.most of themB.most of whichC.which mostD.that most23.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.the thingB.thatC.whatD.which24.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of
30、_had notbeen cleaned for years.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which25.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.thatB.whoC.from whomD.to whom26.This is one of the means _ the electric energy is conducted from oneplace to another.A.by whichB.by thatC.through whichD.through tha
31、t27.The place _ you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A.in whichB.at whichC.whereD.which28.The factory _I am going to is the place _my mother used to work manyyears ago.A.where,whereB.where,whichC.which,whereD.that,which29.Dont do such things _ you are not sure about.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what3
32、0.Robert is good at language,_ we all know.A.becauseB.forC.asD.since二、定语从句易混点对比专练定语从句易混点对比专练1.The man _ she married last year was a soldier.A.whomB.to whomC.with whomD.whose The man _ she was married was a soldier.A.whomB.to whomC.with whomD.who2.The day _ she spent with us was never to be forgotten
33、.A./B.on whichC.whenD.in whichThe day _ she played with us was never to be forgotten.A.thatB.whenC.whichD./3.Is this the factory _ you visited last week.A.whereB.whichC.to whichD.in which Is this factory _ you visited last week.A.thatB whichC in whichD.the one4.The house _ window faces south is for
34、the doctor.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.of which The house _ faces south is for the doctor.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.where5.She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt agree.A.thatB.whichC./D.to which She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt accept.A./B.for whichC.to whichD.of which6.The invention _ she spent 2 year
35、s will do well to the world7.A.whichB./C.on whichD.when The invention _ took her 2 years will do well to the world.A.whichB./C.on whichD.it7.The English subject,_ I do well,is important in middle schools.A.whichB.thatC.in whichD.at whichThe English subject_ I have mastered well,is important in middl
36、eschool.A./B.at whichC.thatD.in which8.Tom,_ I went to the concert,is a friend of mine.A.whomB.whoC.with whichD.whose Tom,_ bicycle 1 went to the concert,is a friend of mine.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.on whose9.The place _ you visited during your holidays is where I used to be foryears.A.whereB.whichC.in w
37、hichD.to which The place _ you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.to which10.She will fly to Washington,_ is the capital of the U.S.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.in which She will fly to Washington,_ she can enjoy herself.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./11.The story happened
38、 on a day _ the weather was wet and cold.A.whenB.whichC.in whichD.on when The story happened on a day _ was wet and cold.A.thenB.on whichC.whichD./12.The sun heats the earth,_ we all know.A.thatB.whichC.asD.where The sun heats the earth,_ makes it possible to grow crops.A.whichB.thatC.asD.where13.To
39、m,_ we had expected,got the 1st place in the competition(比赛).A.asB.whichC.whomD.who Tom,_ we had expected to help us,didnt even show his face.A.asB.whomC.thatD.which三、定语从句典型题精选练习1.This is all_ I know about the matter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Is there anything else_ you require.A.whichB.thatC.whoD
40、.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly inthe school.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.8A.thatB.whichC.whereD.in that6.This is one of the best books_.A.tha
41、t have ever been writtenB.that has ever been writtenC.that has writtenD.that have written7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything _ he saw on the way tothe Paris.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn.A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Is there anything _ to youA.that is belo
42、ngedB.that belongs.C.which belongsD.that belong10.The scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admiredby us all.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Which of the books _ were borrowed from him is the bestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose12.Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a wellA.in fr
43、ont of itB.in front of whoseC.in front of whichD.in front which13.Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League.A.on whichB.in whichC.whichD.at which14.The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher.A.whoB.to whomC.to whoD.whom15.Jeanne was her old friend,_ she borrowed a necklace.A.from whoB.
44、from whomC.to thatD.to whom16.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.A.whichB.with whichC.without whichD.that17.She is a teacher of much knowledge,_ much can be learned.A.whoB.thatC.from whichD.from whom18.He built a telescope _ he could study the skies.A.in whichB
45、.with thatC.through whichD.by it19.Do you know the reason _ he was late.A.thatB.whichC.for whatD.for which20.I have bought two ballpens,_ writes well.A.none of whichB.neither of whichC.none of themD.neither of them21.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed in 1945.A.during whichB.in th
46、atC.whereD.on which22.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest.A.whichB.in whichC.among whichD.one of which23.This is the very knife _ I used to cut apples yesterday.A.thatB.by whichC.whichD.with which24.Is this factory _ you visited last yearA.thatB.whereC.in whichD.the one25.Mr.S
47、mith is the only one of those foreigners who _ working in China.A.isB.hasC.haveD.are9四、定语从句高考真题回顾1.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ thesailing time was 226 days.A.of whichB.during whichC.from whichD.for which2.George Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels
48、andessays.A.the real nameB.what his real nameC.his real nameD.whose real name3._ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries aremaking progress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.There was _ time _ I hated to go to schoolA.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;when5.There are two buildings,_ stands nea
49、rly a hundred feet high.A.the largerB.the larger of themC.the larger one that D.the larger of which6.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A.the wayB.in the way thatC.in the wayD.the way which7.Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.noth
50、ing8.I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that9._ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As10.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_ aresold abroad.A.of whichB.which ofC.of themD.o