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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载高中英语阅读懂得答题要诀阅读懂得是英语才能培育的重要项目,阅读懂得考查的根本是检查同学对有关信息的加工才能；阅读懂得才能的重要标志是阅读速度和懂得的正确率；第一讲 主旨题答题要诀 主旨大意题主要考查同学的概括才能,即考查同学能否正确懂得某一段落（或几个段落）、某一部分或整篇文章的大意；此时,同学必需具有抓住文章中心思想的才能； 主旨大意题的四个选项有如下特点：其正确答案是依据文章的全面懂得而归纳概括出来的, 三个干扰选项主要从三个方面进行干扰；第一,某个干扰项可能是文章中的某个详细事实或细节,不是全篇的主旨大意； 其次,某
2、个干扰项可能是从文章某些 不完全的 事实或细节中片面推断出的错误结论；第 三,某个干扰项可能不是依据文章有关实施的主观臆断；要诀一：找文章的主题句一般来讲,谈论文的主题句在文章的开头；接下来是对文章主体绽开的论证；典例透析 NMETI2004C When someone has deeply hurt you ,it can be extremely difficult to let go off your anger. But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and men
3、tal health. Indeed , research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.“ People who forgive slow less anger and more hopefulness, ”says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book-FORGIVE FOR GOOD.“ So it can help save on the wear and tear on our sy
4、stem and allow people to feel more energetic.”So when someone has hurt you , calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. Dont wait for an apology . The text is mainly written to explain_. A. how to keep
5、yourself from being hurt B. how to stay mentally healthy C. how and when to remain calm D. why and how to pardon others 分析 全文共两段, 第一段的主旨在其次句 forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health,其次段 的主旨在第一句 So when someone has hurt you ,calm yourself first；结合这
6、两句主旨句,我们很简洁得出答案 D；要诀二：针对隐含的中心思想或文章大意,我们要对答案进行对比,分清主次 有相当多的题目考查同学对隐含的中心思想或文章大意的懂得；因此,遇到这种情形, 同学要能够把握文章的主要意思和次要意思及隐含意思,然后把这些意思中和起来； 在挑选答案时, 所选结论叫卖文章内容吻合,要留意所选结论是否概括得太笼统,是否全面,既不能言过其词,也不能以偏概全；典例透析 Joshua Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - -
7、 - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided with an excellent legal background .He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. What is the main idea of
8、 the passage. A. How did Joshua Bingham become a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. 分析 此文没有主题句； 读者只有将全部的 details 综合起来, 进行规律推理,才能构成一个没有明确表达出来的主题思想（unstated main idea ）. 由于文章 主要涉及了 Joshua Bingham 接受训练的情形,即
9、作者想告知我们的是：Joshua Bingham受过良好的训练,所以答案是 C；阅读懂得训练：一American Thomas Schelling and Israeli-American Robert Aumann will share the 2005 Nobel Prize in economics. Both men have greatly influenced the way conflict and business negotiations are carried out. The two men are being honored for their work in deve
10、loping an economic idea. It is called game theory. Game theory began as the study of decision-making in competitive situations, like games. John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern linked the theory of games with economic activities more than sixty years ago. In the nineteen fifties, John Nash develop
11、ed an idea known as the Nash equilibrium 平稳. The Nash equilibrium is the point where all sides in a competitive situation believe they have been given the best offer they will ever get. He proved this with mathematical methods. Mr. Nash won the Nobel Prize in economics with two other men in 1994. Mr
12、. Schelling used the ideas of game theory to study real-life problems, such as the arms competition between the United States and the Soviet Union forty years ago. He was interested in what influenced negotiating groups. He showed how one side might decide to harm its interests for a short period of
13、 time to make gains over a longer period. Mr. Schelling also used game theory to show how people become divided by race. He found that divided societies can result even among persons mostly willing to live near people of another race. Mr. Aumann developed game theory mathematically so that it can be
14、 useful for different areas of study. He showed that peaceful cooperation can provide good results for all competitors in a game over a long period. This is true even among competitors with a temporary conflict of interest. Mr. Aumann also considered how reasonable decisions are made among groups. 名
15、师归纳总结 He showed that knowing what competitors know is important to 第 2 页,共 34 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载decision-making. The work of both men has influenced areas of study other than economics. International negotiators, military planners, business leaders and biologists use
16、methods developed by Mr. Schelling and Mr. Aumann. Mr. Schelling, an American, is a retired professor of the University of Maryland. Mr. Aumann is a citizen of both the United States and Israel. He is a retired professor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 1. Mr. Schelling and Mr. Aumann share th
17、e 2005 Nobel Prize in economics for . “ game theory ”B. developing the Nash A. developing equilibrium C. proving “ game theory ” D. theory ”beginning the study of “ game 2. The underlined phrase “ make gains ”in the sixth paragraph probably refers to . improve health C. make money D. make A. suffer
18、loss B. a profit 3. According to Mr. Aumann, when we want to reach a reasonable decision among groups, we . A. don t have to be informed what our competitors think B. must have a good understanding of what our competitors know C. need only think about how we can make the most of our own interests D.
19、 neednt peacefully cooperate with our competitors to make a profit 4. We can infer from the text that . A. Mr. Aumann used “ game theory ”to study the arms competition between the US and the Soviet Union. B. Mr. Schelling and Mr. Aumann only explained the game theory mathematically C. most of the pe
20、ople are willing to live near their own competitors according to Mr. Schelling D. the game theory developed by both men is very valuable to more than economics 二Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need fo
21、r them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero. Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of 名师归纳总结 adventure to tell and a community who w
22、ill listen. But a hero goes beyond 第 3 页,共 34 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载mere fame. Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people. The
23、 hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for what would be heroes is what or whom do they serve. What are they willing to live and die for. If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their ow
24、n fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life richer. Heroes are catalysts催化剂 for change. They have a vision from the mountain top. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibi
25、lities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated 隔离的 buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large scale change to occur without leaders with vision magnetic personalities, but the pa
26、ce of change would be slow, the uncertain, and the committee meetings endless. 5. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they _. A. generally process certain inspiring characteristics B. probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people C. are often influenced by previous generations D. a
27、ll unknowingly attract a large number of fans 6.Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical leaders who _ . examples of outstanding A. are good at demonstrating their charming characters B. can move the masses with their forceful speeches C. are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships D. can p
28、rovide an answer to the problems of their people 7.The author concludes that historical changes would _ . A. be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities B. not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices C. take place if there were heroes to lead the people D. produce lead
29、ers with attractive personalities 三 One would have to be a fool to overlook the importance of using positive thinking for you rather than allowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology 精神药理 学 has proved what many people have known over the centuries:
30、a positive attitude is good for you, good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything. Researchers found that a positive attitude produces a 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料欢迎下载while negative specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, thi
31、nking results in a decline of hormone 荷尔蒙 and shuts down the immune 免疫的 system. This leads to illness and depression. Positive thoughts will make you feel better. Even if you must begin by literally forcing yourself to be positive faking it, so to speak, it will become contagious 会传播的 and the positi
32、ve thoughts will generate nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts. For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you dont feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can generate
33、 thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career objectives than your own att
34、itude. Its often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant 好战 negativism, the positive events, but you can workers shine like gold. You cannot control external learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude a
35、nd be happy. This vital key to success is totally within your control. Use it. 8. We can infer from the passage that . A. positive thinking can cure you of your diseases B. positive thinking can easily be generated by anyone C. a decline of hormone may cause you to be depressed D. a specific chemica
36、l reaction is the cause of negative thinking 9. According to the passage, which of the following is true. A. Feeling and thoughts can generate each other. B. Its easier to control thoughts than to control feelings. C. Your success depends wholly on your attitude. D. Keeping smiling will surely make
37、you successful. you should . 10. Just like a one-eyed man in the land of the blind, A. take positive attitude in the office of militant negativism B. be king in your office C. pay no attention to what is going on around you D. control your feeling to what is happening to you 11. The best title to th
38、e passage is . A. Thinking Benefits People B. B. Why Should People Think C. Positive Thinking and Negative Thinking D. Thinking: The Vital Way 其次讲 细节题答题要诀阅读中,抓住文章中心是懂得文章的关键,然而,中心不行能孤立地存在,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载作者会用各种不通的方法对其作进一步阐述；要想充分懂得文章的中心, 我们必须懂得烘托或帮忙进
39、展主题的那些重要的事实或细节,这些是对主题的补充说 明,或是加强和支持主题的主要理由、证据；有关细节的问题是以 what, who, which, when, where, how, why 等词引导的特别疑问句,就文中某一个词语、某一个句子、某一个段落或某一细节或事实进行提问；事实细节判定题的命题特点是： 所提问题一般是可直接或间接从文章中找到 答案；故解题原就是：忠实于原文,决不要主观臆断；细节与中心内容的关系是 辩证的,只有抓住中心才能正确懂得有关细节；同时文章事实细节不是孤立的,所以只有留意上下文及全篇的规律关系,组织结构对快速捕获所需信息也很重要；才能做出精确判定； 此外,弄懂文章的
40、要诀一：从问题中查找关键词对事实比较明显的辨认题第一可从问题中找出关键词,然后到段落里快速找到这一细节, 再把细节所在的段落细读一遍以确保对细节的正确懂得,从而选出正确答案；典例透析 NMET 2001 Shanghai: Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry. The
41、 first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car books. rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choice-deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are
42、 the big favorite. Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Years Day, with some recording 100 percent rental. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar
43、employees, who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu ,marketing manager of Shanghai Angel Car Rental Co. 1. Which of the following statements is true according to the text. A.70%of the cars can be rented out on holiday. B.70%of the customers are white-collar employees. C. More firms are open fo
44、r service during holiday seasons. D. some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons. 分析 这是一道确认短文供应事实的题目； 短文第四自然段表达了这些汽车出租公司每月能吸引顾客租用他们70的小汽车,节假日期间,租用数字仍要猛增；只有 D项与短文内容相符； 2 Shanghais car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to _. A. better cars supplied by producers B. fast servic
45、e offered by car rental firms C. the increasing number of white-collar employees D. peoples growing interest in traveling during holidays 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 分析优秀学习资料欢迎下载短文最终一段, 说明此题考查同学是否懂得并把握短文所供应的信息；了租用出租汽车的主要市场力气,是能够负担得起这种新的客运业务费用、且队伍不断壮大的白领雇员,明确指出了上海汽车出租业迅猛进展的主要缘由,故 C 是正确选项；要诀二：区分主要事实和次要事实,把问题与文中的全部事实进行对比分析,然后确定答案典例透析 The nature of what is news may change. What essentially makes news is what affects our lives and the big political events, the courage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue muc