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1、全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟真题（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Advances in genetic technologies allow scientists to take an unprecedented glimpse into the genetic makeup of every person.The information from this testing can serve many valuable1：It can save lives, assist couples trying to decide whether or not to have c
2、hildren, and help law-enforcement officials solve a crime.2breakthroughs in genetic testing also3some troubling social concerns about privacy and discrimination.4, if an individuals genetic information becomes widely5, it could give health insurers cause to deny coverage to people with certain risk
3、factors or encourage employers to reject certain high-risk job applicants. Furthermore, many genetically6problems are more common among certain racial and ethnic groups.Many minority groups fear that the7of genetic testing could create whole new8of discrimination.Of particular concern are genetic te
4、sts that9light on traits such as personality,intelligence, and mental health or potential abilities.Genetic tests that10a person is unlikely to get along with other people could be used to limit a persons professional advancement.In other cases, tests that11a genetic risk of heart failure could disc
5、ourage a person12competing in sports.New technologies that13the manipulation of genes have raised even more disturbing possibilities.Gene therapy advances, which allow scientists to replace14genes with normal alleles, give people with typically fatal diseases new hope for healthy lives.15,gene thera
6、py has focused on manipulating the genetic material in body cells16gametes (the cells involved in reproduction), so the changes will not be17to future generations.However, the application of gene therapy techniques to gametes seems18.Such manipulation might help prevent the19of disease from one gene
7、ration to another, but it could also20unforeseen problems with long-lasting consequences.1单选题第1题答案是A.purposesB.perspectivesC.fieldsD.vocations正确答案：A参考解析：purpose意图、计划、目的 perspective 观点、看法 field 领域、视野 vocation职业、使命基因技术的进步使得科学家们能够看见每个人的基因构成，而这是前所未有的事情，检测所得来的信息有多种宝贵的_. A表示有多种用途。正确。2单选题第2题答案是A.YetB.AndC.
8、ThereforeD.Whereby正确答案：A参考解析：空格前说了基因检测的多种用途。空格后面指出基因检测的重大突破也使社会越来越关注隐私和歧视这样令人不安的话题。其中存在转折的逻辑关系。A正确。3单选题第3题答案是A.decreaseB.settleC.raiseD.keep正确答案：C参考解析：主语是breakthroughs in genetic testing，宾语是some troubling social concerns 空格填写一个动词表明主语和宾语的联系。由句意可推测“令人不安”是负面影响，即基因检测所导致的一些问题，C正确。4单选题第4题答案是A.In contrastB
9、.For exampleC.In consequenceD.As usual正确答案：B参考解析：上一句提到对社会话题的忧虑。后面的主句又指出这就给了健康保险公司拒绝为有某种风险因素的人承保的理由。或会使雇主拒绝聘用某类高风险的求职者。很明显这句话是对上的举例说明。B正确。5单选题第5题答案是A.reliableB.identifiableC.suitableD.available正确答案：D参考解析：reliable可信赖的、可靠的 identifiable 可辨认的、可视为相同的 suitable 合适的、适宜的 available 可用的，可获得的翻译：如果个人的基因信息变得_，这就给了
10、健康保险公司拒绝为又某种风险因素的人承保的理由。available有“可获得的”的意思。D正确。6单选题第6题答案是A.integratedB.complicatedC.combinedD.linked正确答案：D参考解析：integrate 合并、成为一体 complicate 使复杂化 combine 使结合、混合 link 联系、有关系Furthermore表递进，翻译：此外，很多和基因_问题在某些种族和族群里更为普遍. linked“相关联的”符合此处文意。D正确。7单选题第7题答案是A.expansionB.inflationC.extensionD.verification正确答案
11、：A参考解析：expansion 扩大、扩张 inflation 膨胀、通货膨胀 extension 延期、延长 verification 证明、证实翻译：很多少数民族担心,，基因检测的_会引起全新的歧视. A符合题意。8单选题第8题答案是A.informationB.avenuesC.placesD.words正确答案：B参考解析：information 信息 avenue 方法、途径 place 放置、安顿、地方 word 词语、消息翻译：很多少数民族担心，基因检测的扩大使用会引起全新的歧视_。B符合题意。正确。9单选题第9题答案是A.embodyB.shedC.setD.shoot正确答
12、案：B参考解析：固定搭配shed light on：使.清楚的显出10单选题第10题答案是A.concludeB.predictC.indicateD.allege正确答案：C参考解析：conclude 推断出、总结 predict 预言、预测 indicate 表明、暗示 allege 断言、宣称翻译：那些基因结果_一个人不太可能与其他人相处融洽的基因检测可能被用来限制一个人的职业晋升。 C正确。11单选题第11题答案是A.certifyB.rectifyC.identifyD.justify正确答案：C参考解析：cetify 证明、给颁发结业证书 rectify改正、校正 identfy
13、认出、辨别 justify 证明.有理 前面举了一个例子与人相处不融洽的基因会限制一个人的晋升，另外一些情况应该也是讲述基因检测带来的一些不良影响。 基因检测_心理衰竭的基因风险的检测会阻止一个人_体育竞技。第一个空应该填写identify“确认”。12单选题第12题答案是A.fromB.intoC.withD.on正确答案：A参考解析：固定搭配discourage sb from doing：劝某人不要做什么。13单选题第13题答案是A.preachB.allowC.fundD.grant正确答案：B参考解析：that引导的定语从句修饰主语New technologies，空格处应填人一个动
14、词作定语从句的谓语。翻译：_操纵基因的新技术引起了甚至更多不安的可能性。 allow“允许、使可能” 符合题意。14单选题第14题答案是A.infectiveB.effectiveC.productiveD.defective正确答案：D参考解析：infective会传染的; 有传染性的 effective有效的、实际的 productive 富有成效的、多产的 defective有缺陷的、有毛病的基因疗法的进步使得科学家们用正常的等位基因替代_基因，这也给那些患有某种致命疾病的人燃起了健康生活的新希望. D正确。15单选题第15题答案是A.As a resultB.In a senseC.T
15、o dateD.In effect正确答案：C参考解析：As a result 所以、结果 In a sense 在某种意义上、在一定程度上 To date 到目前为止、迄今 In effect 实际上空格后面指出，基因疗法专注于操纵身体细胞里的基因物质，用的是完成时态has focused on。 各个选项带入空格，只有To date“迄今为止”符合题意。16单选题第16题答案是A.less thanB.more thanC.other thanD.sooner than正确答案：C参考解析：less than 小于、以内 more than 超过、多余 other than 除什么以外 s
16、ooner than 早于翻译：迄今为止，基因疗法集中于操纵配子(生育细胞)_身体细胞里的基因物质.17单选题第17题答案是A.passed onB.given upC.put forwardD.turned over正确答案：A参考解析：pass on 传递、传给 give up 放弃、投降 put forward 提出、将什么前移 turn over 移交转换翻译：因此，这种改变也不会_未来的子孙. 前文说基因疗法集中于操纵除配字以外的身体细胞。所以passed on“传给”代入后符合文意。18单选题第18题答案是A.invisibleB.inactiveC.inevitableD.inc
17、apable正确答案：C参考解析：invisible 看不见的、无形的 inactive 不活动的、不活跃的 inevitable 不可避免的、必然发生 incapable 无能力的、不会的翻译：然而，配子基因疗法技术的应用似乎是_。 前文说这种改变不会传染给后代。然后however转折。inevitable“不可避免的”代人空格后表明其趋势。19单选题第19题答案是A.observationB.transmissionC.evaluationD.demonstration正确答案：B参考解析：observation 观察、监视 transmission 播送、传送 evaluation 评估
18、、估价 demonstration 示范、演示翻译：这种技术有助于预防疾病由一代_另一代. transmission代人后意为“疾病的传播。20单选题第20题答案是A.leadB.indicateC.reflectD.produce正确答案：D参考解析：lead 领导、导致 indicate 表明、暗示 reflect 反映、反射 produce 引起、产生翻译：但这也会_一些不可预见的问题，导致持久的后果. produce有“引起，带来”的意思。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题The 60th anniversary of the expedition that first took h
19、umans to the highest spot on earththe peak of Everestwas widely celebrated seven years ago. The 60th anniversary of the first expedition to its deepest point has gone almost unnoticed. Yet that trip to the bottom of the Challenger Deep, at the southern end of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean,
20、 was an equally remarkable feat and has rarely been repeated.While thousands of climbers have since climbed Everest in the footsteps of Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary, only two more people have followed the route of Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, who reached the bottom in 1960. It was not until 2
21、012 that film-maker James Cameron conducted a solo dive to the almost 11km-deep valley, collecting samples and video. Last year, explorer victor Vescovo followed suit.True, other reaches, not quite as distant, have been better explored. But though more than half the world is covered by ocean more th
22、an 200m deepthe point at which the sunlight fades and one enters the twilight zoneit was not until 1930 that humans reached the deep sea for the first time. Though scientists have since discovered extraordinary creatures and features, much remains to be discovered.The reaches of the sea beneath 6km
23、are known as the hadal zone, taking their name from the underworld of the ancient Greeks：the depth of the Mariana Trench ensures it is perpetually dark, and that temperatures are only just above freezing. Yet we are discovering that if it is an inhospitable space for humans, it is far from deserted.
24、 Four years ago, a live video feed from a remotely operated vessel allowed ordinary viewers to see the abundant, though not very diverse, life to be found down there. The area now enjoys protection, escaping unscathed after it was listed as one of the 27 national monuments that Donald Trump placed u
25、nder review in 2017.Other parts of the deep sea are at immediate risk. Even as researchers increase their ability to explore this world, the race is on to exploit it. An analysis published last month in the journal One Earth warned of the threat to the oceans from blue acceleration, the recent rise
26、in marine industrialization, which includes seabed mineral mining.Greenpeace warned last year that 29 ocean-floor exploration licences had been issued, covering an area totaling 1.3 million sq kmthreatening to worsen the climate emergency by disrupting carbon stores in seafloor sediments, as well as
27、 destroying barely explored habitats that might offer extraordinary scientific insights and even new medicines. Though the UN is supposed towrap upa global ocean treaty this year, many campaigners are pessimistic about the prospect of it offering the kind of protection they believe is needed. Govern
28、ments must do better. To fall short would not only threaten the habitats and creatures of the deep, but humans too, however unlikely most of us are to ever venture down there.21单选题In Paragraph 2, James Cameron and Victor Vescovo is cited to show that_A.samples and video should be collected in 11km-d
29、eep valleyB.extraordinary creatures and features can be discoveredC.the deepest point on earth has gone rarely exploredD.the trip to the 11km-deep valley has not been repeated正确答案：C参考解析：While thousands of climbers have since climbed Everest in the footsteps of Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary, only
30、 two more people have followed the route of Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, who reached the bottom in 1960. 第二段讲述了，有很多人沿着Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary的脚步接着攀登珠穆拉玛峰，但是很少人探索地球最深处的“挑战者深渊”，故选项C为正确答案。22单选题Which of the following is true of the hadal zone?A.It is a liveable space for humans to live.B.It
31、allows people to see abundant life there.C.It is named after the underworld of the Roman.D.It fails to pass the national monuments review.正确答案：B参考解析：Four years ago, a live video feed from a remotely operated vessel allowed ordinary viewers to see the abundant, though not very diverse, life to be fou
32、nd down there. 根据题意B选项“在这里人们可以看到丰富的生物”为正确答案。23单选题What does the immediate risk in Paragraph 5 refers to?A.Humans growing capacity for research.B.The speeding up of the industrialization.C.Humans exploitation of the ocean.D.The deteriorations of environment.正确答案：C参考解析：Other parts of the deep sea are a
33、t immediate risk. Even as researchers increase their ability to explore this world, the race is on to exploit it. 研究人员除了提高探索深海的能力外，也在竞相开发这片深海，由此可知，这里的immediate risk指的即是人类对海洋的开发，故选项C为正确答案。24单选题The phrase wrap up (Para 6) is closest in meaning to_A.endorseB.condemnC.bargainD.formulate正确答案：A参考解析：endors
34、e 签署 condemn 谴责 bargain 讨价还价 formulate 制定翻译：尽管联合国本应在今年_一项全球海洋条约，但许多海洋保护人士对该条约所提供的必要保护措施的前景感到悲观. 海洋条约应该是签署或者缔结，故选项endorse“签署”正确。25单选题Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Prospect of Global Ocean TreatyB.Introduction of the Hadal ZoneC.Adventure of the EverestD.Expedition of t
35、he Deep Sea正确答案：D参考解析：文章从探索珠穆拉玛峰和太平洋马里亚纳海沟南端的对比，引出了海洋的探索，及其海洋探索的价值与问题。本文通过举例的方式，表达了对海底未知区域进行探索是十分有必要的，但也要注意保护这些未开发地。D正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题Economists have come to rival even journalists and politicians in lack of public esteem.That might be partly because so many economists seem as interested in jour
36、nalism and politics as in advancing their science.But theres also a deeper problem：Far from advancing, the science of economics has been going backwards.Economists tend to be either practitioners or theorists.Practitioners on Wall Street, in central banks, and in government aim to say where the econ
37、omy is headed and offer advice on how to improve its trajectory.Academics in universities and business schools spin the theories that guide the practitioners.The trouble is, too many theoristsespecially in the mainstream of the disciplinehave drifted far from the real world.Their ambition has been t
38、o build mathematically elegant and internally consistent models of the economy, even if that requires wholly unrealistic assumptions.Granted, just as maps have to simplify complex terrain, theoretical models must ignore aspects of reality to be any use.But theres a line between simplification and gr
39、oss distortion, and modern maeroeconomics has crossed it.Before the 2008 financial crisis, for example, the standard models more or less ignored finance.No banks, no indebtedness, no leverage.As a result, they couldnt make sense of the worst global recession since the 1930s. They also typically asse
40、rted that fiscal stimulus had little or no effect on consumer spending, which follows from the models mathematically convenient assumptions.If President Barack Obama and Congress had applied such thinking in 2009, the recession would have been much worse.Fortunately,policy was guided not by modern m
41、acro but by old-fashioned Keynesianism, long since abandoned by the academy.Given such spectacular failures, youd think the profession would have gone back to the drawing board.It hasnt.True, some improvements have been attempted, and some scholars have done valuable work on the history of crises, t
42、he role of household debt, the drivers of inequality, and much else.But the error at the core of modern macroeconomicsthat mathematical consistency matters more than empirical relevanceprevails.Just glance through the leading academic journals.Reviving economies as a science will require economists
43、to act more like scientists.If models are refuted by the observable world, toss them out.Rely on experiments, data and replication to test theories and understand how people and companies really behave.Editors of the most prestigious journals should open their pages to research that challenges the s
44、tandard theories, even if it doesnt yet point to encompassing new alternatives.In just about every branch of science,theoretical research has been crucial to achieving breakthroughs.In macroeconomics, it has held progress back.To stop the discipline fading into irrelevance, this will have to change.
45、Who knows? If it does, economists might finally start getting some respect.26单选题In the first two paragraphs, the author shows his concerns that_A.economists are no longer solely interested in economies.B.theorists do not provide useful advice to the government.C.the scientific status of economics wo
46、uld keep declining.D.economists would hardly regain their public respect.正确答案：C参考解析：Far from advancing, the science of economics has been going backwards. 作为一门科学而言，不但没有向前发展，经济学一直在倒退，作者担心经济学的学术地位会进一步下降。C正确。27单选题Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3?A.Academic models accept proper si
47、mplification.B.Reality should be evaded when designing models.C.Unrealistic assumptions should be adopted in models.D.Macroeconomics concentrates on oversimplification.正确答案：A参考解析：Granted, just as maps have to simplify complex terrain, theoretical models must ignore aspects of reality to be any use.But theres a line between simplification and gross distortion, and modern maeroeconomics has crossed it. 作者进一步指出当前经济学家身上出现的问题，即偏