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1、2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can2a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to3the m
2、arriage negotiations, or the young mans parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The
3、traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days,7by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the br
4、ides and grooms wrists, and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the11. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may12with them up to a year,13they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14, but not common. Divorced persons a
5、re15with some disapproval. Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is18equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19up: The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait ten months.1单选题第（1）题选_
6、.A.as well asB.by way ofC.on behalf ofD.with regard to正确答案：A参考解析：由句意“择偶不仅涉及男方的亲朋好友，同样涉及女方的亲朋好友”可知前后是并列关系，选项中只有“as well as”表示并列关系，故选A。2单选题第（2）题选_.A.adapt toB.provide forC.compete withD.decide on正确答案：D参考解析：根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词，空格后面的宾语是“配偶”，所以根据动宾搭配的原则，D项“decide on”可以与后面的宾语搭配，构成“选择配偶”，故选D。3单选题第（3）题选_.A.ren
7、ewB.closeC.arrangeD.postpone正确答案：C参考解析：空格处后面的内容是the marriage negotiation，只能与c项“arrange”搭配，构成“安排提亲”之意，故选C。4单选题第（4）题选_.A.In theoryB.In timeC.Above allD.For example正确答案：A参考解析：根据空格后面的内容，得知女孩可能会否定她的父母为其所选的配偶，句中的may表示可能性。因此，与原文句子内容表达一致的，只有“In theory”(从理论上讲)。5单选题第（5）题选_.A.AlthoughB.LestC.AfterD.Unless正确答案：
8、C参考解析：空格处所在句的前半句是现在完成时，后半句是一般现在时，根据时态判断，前后内容存在时间上的先后性，所以C项正确。6单选题第（6）题选_.A.withinB.intoC.fromD.through正确答案：B参考解析：each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying_a good family意为“每家都会调查另一家，确保自己的孩子娶到或嫁进一个好家庭”。此处需要填入一个介词与marry构成合理搭配，介词into最合适，故选B。7单选题第（7）题选_.A.sinceB.orC.soD.but正确答
9、案：D参考解析：空格前半句说原来传统婚礼持续三天，后半句说到20世纪80年代婚礼通常持续一天半，显然前后形成了对比，故选D。8单选题第（8）题选_.A.testB.reciteC.copyD.create正确答案：B参考解析：本句句意为“佛教僧侣会为新人进行简短的布道和诵经以祈福”。“recite prayers”为固定搭配，意为“诵经”，故选B。9单选题第（9）题选_.A.foldingB.pilingC.wrappingD.tying正确答案：D参考解析：本句句意为“把浸泡在圣水中的棉线绑在新娘和新郎的手腕上”。folding意为“折叠”，piling意为“堆放”，wrapping意为“包
10、裹”，均不符合文意，tying是tie的一ing形式，意为“绑，系”，故选D。10单选题第（10）题选_.A.passingB.lightingC.hidingD.serving正确答案：A参考解析：and_a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union意为“在一圈婚姻幸福美满和德高望重的夫妇中传递一根蜡烛来祝福新人的结合”。根据语境，lighting意为“点亮”，hiding意为“隐藏”，serving意为“服务”，均不合适，只能选A项passing“传递”。11单选题第
11、（11）题选_.A.associationB.meetingC.collectionD.union正确答案：D参考解析：该句讲道：围坐在新婚夫妇身边祝福他们的_。根据语境可知应填入联姻的含义，四个选项中可以表示姻亲关系的只有union“团聚，结合”，为正确答案。meeting意为“会议、会面”，association意为“联合、联盟”，collection意为“收集、集合”，均不符合语境，故选D。12单选题第（12）题选_.A.growB.partC.liveD.deal正确答案：C参考解析：句意：传统意义上讲，新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们共同居住长达一年之久。前文讲到新婚夫妇搬去新娘的
12、父母家，后文应保持一致性，live(with)意为“和一起生活”，grow意为“成长”，part(with)意为“分离”，deal(with)意为“处理、应对”，故live为正确答案。13单选题第（13）题选_.A.whereasB.untilC.forD.if正确答案：B参考解析：句意：新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们共同生活长达一年之久，直到 他们能够在附近建成新房。空格需要填入逻辑连接词，前后为时间先后关系，故代入until意为 “直到”，语义合理。whereas意为“然而”，for表示原因，if表示条件，均不适合，故选B。14单选题第（14）题选_.A.followB.obtainC
13、.challengeD.avoid正确答案：B参考解析：句意：离婚是合法的并容易办理，但(离婚现象)并不普遍。填入词应与legal感情色彩一致，avoid意为“避免”，challenge意为“挑战，质疑”，而follow意为“跟随”，通常不 与“divorce”搭配。将obtain“获得”代入语境，表示获得离婚，搭配合理，语义通顺，故选B。15单选题第（15）题选_.A.isolatedB.persuadedC.viewedD.exposed正确答案：C参考解析：此处需填入动作，isolated意为“隔离”，persuaded意为“劝说”，viewed意为 “看待、视为”，exposed意为“
14、暴露、揭露”。代入文中viewed是最合理的，表示人们对离婚的人持反对态度，故选C。16单选题第（16）题选_.A.whateverB.howeverC.wheneverD.wherever正确答案：A参考解析：此处空前有动词retains，因此需要一个连接词引导宾语从句，并且与property搭配，共同充当从句中的宾语。wherever意为“无论何地”，whenever意为“无论何时”， however意为“然而，但是，无论如何”，都作状语，只有whatever可以与property搭配，充当宾语从 句的宾语，表示“一切财产”，故选A。17单选题第（17）题选_.A.changedB.bro
15、ughtC.shapedD.pushed正确答案：B参考解析：句意：夫妻各自保留他她带进婚姻的任何财产。此处需要填入一个动词， 能和property形成动宾搭配。changed意为“改变”，brought意为“带来”，shaped意为“形成”， pushed意为“推搡”，故选B。18单选题第（18）题选A.withdrawnB.investedC.donatedD.divided正确答案：D参考解析：此处需要填入一个动词，作用于jointly-acquired property“共同获得的财产”。 divided意为“分割”，invested意为“投资”，donated意为“捐赠”，withd
16、rawn意为“取钱，撤走资 金”，均能和jointly-acquired property构成动宾搭配，但是此处的情境是讨论离婚时的行为，故 选d。19单选题第（19）题选A.clearsB.showsC.warmsD.breaks正确答案：B参考解析：句意：但是，性别歧视此时显现出来了。clear up意为“(天空)放晴，治疗，处 理，解释”，warm up意为“使变热；(使)更活跃”，show up意为“显现，出现”，break up意为“结 束，使破碎”。后文提到离婚后，男士可以立即再婚，而女士必须要等十个月，可知符合文意，并 且能够和“性别歧视”搭配的只有B项。20单选题第（20）题选
17、A.whileB.onceC.so thatD.in that正确答案：A参考解析：上文指出，离婚男士在他再婚前没有一个等候期，空格后提到“女性必须要 等待10个月”，显然，这二者形成对比关系，so that意为“所以”，in that意为“因为”，均排除；once意为“一旦”，表条件关系，亦排除，故选A。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to d
18、efine physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifti
19、ng motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end upimpingingon health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for
20、 the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that pe
21、ople should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using
22、a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countrie
23、s, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revise
24、d Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), w
25、hich is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards
26、 of a particular industry.21单选题According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New runways would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would thrive.D.The fashion industry would decline.正确答案：A参考解析：文章开篇即讲“France，which prides itself as the global i
27、nnovator of fashion， has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women”(以作为全球时尚创新者为荣的法国承认其时尚业已经失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利)，这说明法国以前制定的形体关的标准已不再适用，现在需要做出改变，故选A。22单选题The phrase impinging on (Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to_.A.indicating the state of.B.heighten
28、ing the value of.C.losing faith in.D.doing harm to.正确答案：D参考解析：由题干关键词“impinging on”(Line 2，Para2)，定位到第二段的第二句 “They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health”意为“他们认为美不应该以健康的外表来界定。”该句承接本段第一句Such measures have a couple of up-lifting motives，其中，Such measures指代第一段中阐述的“雇
29、佣过瘦的模特定为犯罪”的法律规定，且excessive一词表明了贬义的感情。由此可推断出impinging on对health是“有害的、不利的”，故选D。23单选题Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.Its inherent problems are getting worse.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.New standards are being set in De
30、nmark.正确答案：D参考解析：由关键词定位在原文第五段。由该段第二句可知，丹麦、美国等国家正在制定模特的标准。与B项“丹麦正在制定新的标准”相符合，故选D。24单选题A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for_.A.pursuing perfect physical conditions.B.caring too much about models character.C.showing little concern for health factors.D.setting a high age threshold for mod
31、els.正确答案：C参考解析：根据题干关键词，定位到倒数第二段，其中指出“enforcement is to deny access for designers”，意为“法案拒绝设计师进入CFW，它是由丹麦时装学院创办的。”再根据该段前两句可知，丹麦时尚界同意关于模特的年纪、健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁，也就是说，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，也关注健康。而设计师一般都是以瘦为美，而忽视健康。综上所述，设计师被拒绝的原因是不太考虑健康因素，故选c。25单选题Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.The Great T
32、hreats to the Fashion IndustryB.Just Another Round of Struggle for BeautyC.A Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceD.A Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body Ideals正确答案：D参考解析：文章首段指出法律要求时尚界不能用过瘦的模特，接下来的段落重点说明时尚界的模特还需考虑年纪、健康以及其他方面的因素等。因文章中心是对时尚界理想体型观点的挑战，故D项“A Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Bo
33、dy Ideals”正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate the countryside alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudes
34、t of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience a
35、 refreshing air. Hills pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They dont make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conser
36、vatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising off-plan building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose
37、development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories a
38、nd offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stifling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The id
39、ea that housing crisis equals concreted meadows is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high stree
40、ts. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After
41、the Netherlands, Britain is Europes most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternativethe corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ire
42、land. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26单选题Britains public sentiment about the countryside_.A.is not well reflected in politics.B.is fully backed by the royal family.C.didnt start till the Shakespearean age.D.has brought much benefit t
43、o the NHS.正确答案：A参考解析：由题干“英国大众对于乡村的观点”可定位至文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将“乡村”和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列为让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。“is not well reflected in politics”(在政治中没有得到很好的体现)是对原文的同义替换，故选A。27单选题According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being_.A.largely overshadowe
44、d.B.properly protected.C.effectively reinforced.D.gradually destroyed.正确答案：D参考解析：第二段通过第一句的“A century ago”和后面的“later”可知是在进行古今对 比。题干中问的是“now”，对比后半部分中的“They dont make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it”一句表明现在的National Trust已背离了它原始的初衷，它之 前的那些成就已经消失了。gradually destroyed正是对这一
45、意思的表述，故选D。28单选题Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A.Labour is under attack for opposing development.B.The Conservatives may abandon off-plan building.C.Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.D.The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.正确答案：C参考解析：第三段主要讲了
46、各大党派对于这个观点的态度：基本都不赞同。该段倒数第二句“0nly Ukip，sensing its chance，has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land”说明只有Ukip这个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。c项正是对原文 的同义转换，故选C。29单选题The author holds that George Osbornes preference_.A.shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.B.stre
47、sses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.C.highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.D.reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.正确答案：A参考解析：根据第五段第三句“George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal”和第四句“He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets”的谓语都用了favours“喜欢”一词，又分别在宾语部分使用了rural new-build“开发乡村”和out-of-town shopping sites“郊外