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1、课时分层作业（七）I.阅读理解A（2021福州市质量检测）The new year always brings predictions. You know who gets them right?BLUETOOTHIn his futuristic 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury anticipated Bluetooth, describing wireless earphones that allowed for “an electronic ocean of sound, music and talks“ to be transferred
2、 through the air. Imagine how thrilled he would have been with a Bluetooth toaster! That was the idea behind Griffin，s Connected Toaster, which warned you via your smartphone when your toast was done. At $ 100, this baby cost a lot of bread, which may be why it was discontinued just two years after
3、being launched.SMART WATCHThe Apple Watch lets you chat, play games, and watch videos on a device fastened to your wrist. Cool, huh? The Jetsons thought so. in 1962-when Steve Jobs was still in second grade!WI-FINikola Tesla called it! In 1909, the famous electrical engineer told The New York Times,
4、 “It will soon be possible to send wireless messages all over the world so simply that any individual can carry and operate his own equipment. n No doubt he was thinking of the Kerastase Hair Coach brush, which measured brushing speed and employed a microphone to listen to your hair, all to compute
5、an overall hair- quality score sent to your smartphone. （Alas, it is gone too.）GPSWriter Arthur C. Clarke （2001 ： A Space Odyssey） saw a world in which no one got lost. In 1956, he wrote that satellites could make possible a position- finding grid （坐标方格）whereby anyone could locate himself by means o
6、f a couple of dials on an instrument about the size of a watch. Clarke didn，t mention that his system might also track another person, such as a criminal. Last year, the New York City policeShe，d always find a way to show us how we should admit our mistakes, take personal responsibility, and resist
7、the temptation to blame others.A. My mother said it once.B. Moms are working from home.C She would gather us for a lesson.D. She sighed and glanced over at me.E. Rarely did my mother tell us how to behave.F. Immediately, my mom patted my dad on the shoulder.G. All this led me to wonder how my mother
8、 would handle it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆小时候的经历讲述了母亲 对自己的爱、教育和影响。1. B 空前讲到由于新冠肺炎疫情的影响，妈妈们这一年都过得很艰难， 日托所关闭了。空后讲到妈妈们要在家教孩子、清扫卫生，所以空处应是在继续 描写妈妈们的“艰难”，故B项符合语境。2. E 空格后面的转折连词But说明上下文之间是转折关系。下文讲到妈 妈平静而坚定地让我和妹妹们坐下，并告诉我们，我们会一直尊重他们，这说明 妈妈当时在教我们应该如何去做。E项能与下文形成语意上的转折，符合语境3. D 根据下文的T 11 be very disappointed if you
9、 ever drive like that”可知， 此处内容是有关妈妈看到驾车人的表现后的反响，故D项“她叹了 口气，瞥了 我一眼”符合语境。4. A 根据下文的I remembered what she said. ”可知，空处应该与妈妈说 了什么有关，故A项“妈妈曾经这样说过一次”符合语境。5. F 前一句讲到电影里有暴力场景出现，后一句讲到我被带离剧院，由 此可知，空处应涉及母亲看到暴力场景后是如何做的，故F项“妈妈立即拍了拍 爸爸的肩膀（示意他带我离开）”，符合语境。arrested a robber who was wearing a GPS ankle monitor一becaus
10、e he was still on probation（缓开lj） for a prior crime.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过去一些人对科技方面的预测，包括蓝牙和全球定位系统等。1. Which of the predictions is the earliest?A. BLUETOOTH.B. SMARTWATCH.C. WI-FLD. GPS.C 细节理解题。根据各种预测的内容可知，C项对应的时间为1909年， 而A项对应的时间为1953年，B项为1962年，D项为1956年，应选C。2. Why might Griffins Connected Toaster dis
11、appear?A. Too expensive.B. Out of date .C A little awkward.D. Energy- consuming.A 细节理解题。根据题 干中的 Griffin5 s Connected Toaster定位至 BLUETOOTH 局部，根据该局部中的 “At $100, this baby cost a lot of bread, which may be why it was discontinued just two years after being launched ”可知，其 消失的原因可能是价格太高，应选A。3. What was Cl
12、arke，s prediction?A. A GPS ankle monitor.B. A robber- arresting instrument.C. A watch that could see the world.D. An instrument that could locate a person.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的Clarkes定位至GPS局部，根据该局部中 的“whereby anyone could locate himself by means of a couple of dials on an instrument about the size of a wat
13、ch”可知，答案为 D。B（2021济南市模拟）The only thing better than receiving a book is getting one delivered by a horse. Caitlin Gooch, the founder of Saddle Up and Read（SUAR）, literally saddles（跨上马鞍）up one of her family5 s horses and visits primary schools, libraries and youth groups to encourage students to read.
14、 The non- profit in Wendell, North Carolina, also organizes book drives and school- wide reading competitions.Along with her five brothers and sisters, Gooch grew up on a family farm owned by her father. Although he worked as a used car salesman, he built a race track on their 87- acre farm, where h
15、e hosted races. Gooch said she grew up around 80 horses and felt blessed to have grown up with them.In 2017, Gooch, who had been working at daycare centers and youth groups, noticed that some of the younger children struggled to read. She decided to work with a local library： Any student who checked
16、 out more than three books would be entered into a prize draw. Five names would be selected out of the draw and each received a trip to visit the horses on the Gooch family farm.It was a hit. Gooch expanded her services by creating her nonprofit, SUAR. When Gooch shared her organization, s story on
17、social media, it reached over 70, 000 likes in a week. She even got a shout out from Oprah Winfrey, a famous talk show hostess. Shes raised over $ 20, 000 from supporters across the world. Now that if s sort of, all eyes on me, theres definitely an opportunity to do something more, “ Gooch said.Gooc
18、h isn，t just encouraging children to read more. Shes also showing them that horseback riders can look like her. Online, shes often referred to as the “Black Cowgirl It feels amazing to be that kind of representation, v Gooch said.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Caitlin Gooch创立了公益组织“马鞍上 阅读”，驯马向孩子们送书，鼓励孩子们阅读，提高阅读能力，她
19、在网上提供了 公益组织的故事后，得至I 了著名脱口秀主持人Oprah Winfrey的支持。4. Why does Gooch deliver books on horseback?A. To deliver books quickly.B To promote family business .C To get students to read.D To advertise her organization.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“who had been working at daycare centers and youth groups, noticed that som
20、e of the younger children struggled to read” 可知，Gooch注意到一些年龄较小的孩子阅读很艰难，于是和当地的一家图书馆 合作推出了旨在促进孩子们阅读的公益活动，故C项正确。5. What did Gooch do to help kids with reading difficulties?A Hold reading competitions.B Work with the youth groups.C. Donate books to a local library.D. Organize visits to the family farm.D
21、 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句Five names would be selected out of the draw and each received a trip to visit the horses on the Gooch family farm. ”可次口，获 奖者可以去Gooch家的农场参观马匹，故D项正确。6. What can be learned about SUAR from paragraph 4?A. It is well received.B. It has made a big profit.C It needs further expansion.D. It w
22、as criticized by Oprah.A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Gooch创立了自己的非营利组织 SUAR,扩大了她的服务，该组织很受欢迎，在社交平台上获得很多赞；据此可 以判断，非营利组织SUAR很受欢迎，故A项正确。7. What can best describe Gooch?A. Honest.B. Inspiring.C. Brave.D. Patient.B推理判断题。根据尾段第一、第二句Gooch isnt just encouragingchildren to read more. She，s also showing them that horseback
23、riders can look like her.可知，Gooch不仅鼓励孩子们多读书，还向他们展示骑手可以像她一样。 再结合全文内容可以判断，Gooch是一个鼓舞人心的人，故B项正确。C（2021湖南省六校联考）The summer holidays are in full swing and protests have begun in a number of popular European cities. Barcelona, in particular, is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapid growt
24、h of tourism in cities, especially during peak holiday periods. In fact, Destination Barcelona estimates that there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017, compared to a resident population of 1, 625, 137. Overtourism is not a new problem.While many tourists want to “live like a local“ and have
25、an authentic and immersive experience during their visit, the residents of many tourism-dependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their hometowns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops, crowds, tour buses and rowdy bars. They are also suffering as local amenitie
26、s （便利设施）and infrastructure are put under enormous strain. It is a truly global issue. Recently, Thai authorities were forced to act when a number of tourists visiting Maya Bay, the beach made famous by Danny Boyles film The Beach, led to shocking environmental damage.Overtourism is harming the lands
27、cape, damaging beaches, and putting infrastructure under enormous strain. It can have an impact in multiple ways. The international cruise industry, for example, delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination ports. While comparatively little is returned to communities, the cruise activity cr
28、eates physical and visual pollution.City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth. As cities transform itself to cater for tourists, the global travel supply chain prospers. This coincides with increasing property speculation and rising costs of living for local communities. Airbnb, for exampl
29、e, has been accused of reducing housing affordability and displacing residents.Overcrowding and the establishment of typical tourism- focused businesses, such as clubs, bars and souvenir shops, overwhelm local businesses, and rowdy and unmanageable tourist behaviour is common. This diminishes the un
30、ique ambience of destinations and leads to crowd and waste management pressures.Local government and planning authorities have so far been powerless to deal with the overwhelming influence of the global tourism supply chain. This has led to widespread utourist- phobia” first described by Manuel Delg
31、ado more than a decade ago as a mixture of repudiation, mistrust and contempt for tourists.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是过度旅游带来的一系列 不好的影响。8. Whats the purpose of writing the first paragraph?A To present a phenomenon.B. To introduce the topic, overtourism.C. To give readers a vivid description.D. To show the
32、 protests in Barcelona.B 写作意图题。根据题目定位到文章第一段，通读该段可知，该段主要提 到了过度旅游的问题，结合下文主要围绕过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响展开 可知，该段是为了引出主题过度旅游，故B项正确。9. The example of Thai authorities showsA. Maya Bay in Thai is a popular tourist destination attracting a great number of visitorsB visiting famous places shown in movies is a global p
33、henomenonC. too many visitors will cause great damage to the local environmentD. many local governments have already taken action to prevent overtourismC 推理判断题。根据题干中的“Thai authorities”定位到文章第二段最后一 句，由此可知，过多的游客造成了惊人的环境破坏，泰国官方不得不采取行动， 由此可推知，泰国官方的例子说明过多的游客会对当地的环境造成极大的破坏， 故C项正确。10. According to the passa
34、ge, overtourism will.A. improve the local cruise industryB. make the local business boomC. cause the rising costs of living for the residentsD. increase the business of AirbnbC 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth. This coincides with increasing property speculation an
35、d rising costs of living for local communities. ”可知，过度旅游会导致居民生活本钱上升， 故C项正确。11. What will the writer most probably talk about in the following paragraph?A. Measures to deal with overtourism.B Problems caused by overtourism.C Protests caused by overtourism.D. Environmental pollution caused by overtour
36、ism.A 推理判断题。文章前几段主要讲了过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响， 最后一段提到到目前为止，地方管理和规划部门还无力应对全球旅游供应链的巨 大影响，这导致了 “游客恐惧症”的蔓延。由此可推知，作者在下段最有可能介 绍解决过度旅游的措施，故A项正确。D（2021武汉市质量检测）Never play games with a bot （robot）一it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed
37、artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide- and- seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one d
38、ay be useful to humans.The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated （模拟的）environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directly.At first,
39、the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team playe
40、r-passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout-was the quickest way to win.But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults. Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above.
41、Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. Maybe they511 even be able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how to. However, it is a large leap （总兆跃）from virtual hide-and-seek to real
42、problem-solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation, v says ChelseaFinn at Stanford University.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学 合作技能的人工智能机器人，这种机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获 胜。12. Why did Baker and his colleagues conduct the research?A. To teach bots to play games.B. To train bots to use basic to
43、ols.C. To find if bots may cheat like humans.D. To see the potential of bots cooperation.D 细节理解题。第二段讲到OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看 OpenAI Five人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技 能。由此可知，Bowen Baker和他的同事进行这项研究是为了看机器人合作的潜 力。故D项正确。13. Whats the third paragraph mainly about?A. The tools of the research.B The des
44、ign of the research.C. The competitors of the game.D. The environment of the game.B 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员 将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩 团队捉迷藏游戏，且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。14. What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Passing objects.B - Moving boxes around.C Making us
45、e of faults.D. Hiding themselves from view.C 代词指代题。根据第五段第一句But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开 始利用问题或错误；第五段最后两句给出了相应的例子；结合尾段第一句可以判 断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。15. What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research?A It can bridge a
46、 gap in the AI research.B. It will not be influenced by the real world.C. It will definitely help the real problem- solving.D. It may not be realized out of the virtual world.D 推理判断题。根据尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所说的话“The main limitation is that it is in simulation”可知，Chelsea Finn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是 处于模拟状态下的。据此可以
47、判断，Chelsea Finn认为超出模拟范围，这种结果 可能不会出现。故D项正确。II.阅读七选五（2021温州市适应性测试）Due to CO VID-19, moms have had a rough year. Day care centers are closed. At the same time they re homeschooling and cleaning everything.Looking back 50 years or so, I found that my own mother was a mysteriously effective role model. S
48、he never hit me or raised her voice. She didnt directly boss anyone around. She indirectly gave my sisters and me very clear guidance on what behaviors were expected in our home, and out in the world.2 But once, when an African American family moved into our all- white neighborhood, she quietly and firmly sat my sisters and me down and told us that we would always treat them with respect. We did. When my mom got serious, we never questioned her authority. My mother taught us to love our neighbors, showed us how to t