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1、英 语 动 词 的 种 类提示：以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。切记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此，我们要特别注意一词多义现象。 动词的种类分类总表：(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.)情态动词1只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 请你参考复习以前发放的资料2可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/ dare3可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/ should/ will/ would4勉强可作情态动词have to
2、/ had better/ used to助动词1be 形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同时是实义和系动词2do 形式变化：does/ did 同时是实义动词3have 形式变化：has/ had/ having同时是实义动词4shall形式变化：should同时是情态动词5will 形式变化：would同时是情态动词系动词1状态系动词be特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词本身都是实义动词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合句意去理解判断。2表像系动词look / appear/ seem3感官系动词feel / smell/ sound/ taste
3、4持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay5变化系动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run6终止系动词prove/ turn out实义动词1不及物动词（vi）本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。第2页有更多内容及物动词 （vt）后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。vt后面可以直接跟宾语。2静态动词静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。A. 表示存在
4、、从属意义的动词。如：be（“是”）、have（“有”）、own, exist, live, belong toB. 与五官感觉有关的动词如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell及watch, notice, observe, find, catchC. 表示心理状态或情感状态的动词believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; underst
5、and; want; wishD. 接度量衡名词的动词 (+数词+单位) (这些动词的主语通常是物)weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat动态动词动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。A延续性动词：表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。eat， listen， read， run， walk，work，write第3页有更多相关内容.B终止性动词：表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完成结束。arrive; begin; break; b
6、ring; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump C表示状态改变或位置转移的动词.arrive，change，come，die，go，land（着陆），leave3使役动词A.表示“使、令、让、叫”等意义的动词. 如: make, have, let, get, keep第4页有更多相关内容.B.表示“使人，令人”的心理状态的动词。如：interest; excite; astonish; move; amu
7、se; surprise(+ sb.)4表示动作的动词表示状态的动词表示结果的动词put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find;listen to/ hear;study/learn; try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。请大家注意积累.5A谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。B非谓语动词在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。A不定式 to do形式变化：to have don
8、e/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to doB动名词doing形式变化：not doing今后有专题复习有关内容.C现在分词doing形式变化：having done/ having been done/ not doingnot having done/ not having been doneD过去分词done形式变化：not done相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容）及物动词与不及物动词vi用法（1）主语+ vi(+状语)(不及物动词):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer
9、; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; ac
10、t, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand.(不及物动词短语): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .vi用法（2）主语+vi+介词+宾语aim + atlook +atstare +atstay +atglance + atlaugh + atcontact +with sbdeal + withdisagree + withend + in/up with wait +for d
11、epend + onoperate +onrely + oninsist + on doinglive +in/onbelong + to sbcome + to sbgo + tohappen +to sblie + to/inlisten + toobject +tooccur +torefer +torelate +toreply +toreturn +tostick +to sth graduate + fromsuffer +fromfail + insucceed +in doingfall +off/ ontostruggle + for/ againstvote +for/ a
12、gainst care + for/aboutapologize + to sb for doingargue + about sth with sbdie +in/ from/ of/talk +about sth/ to sbthink +of/ about/ overcompete + in sth with sbagree + to/ with / onwork +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at(要熟记它们的搭配。)vt与vi近义词对比listen to sbsound like sthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbelon
13、g to sbown sthpossess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact with sbtouch sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbreply toanswerappearshow sth to sbrise / go up / increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak intogo outturn offlook forfindgive ingive upagree
14、with sbpromise sbA既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。 如: begin 开始。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.B既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是升高
15、；举起。He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长/ vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 发出（气味）/ vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响/ vt.打电话 speak vi. 讲话/ vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术/ vt. 操作run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 经营C 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允许 allow for 考虑到感官动词 感官动
16、词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to的用法归纳总结: (感官动词+ sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surfa
17、ce of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表示被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 试比较（注意理解）:）I heard him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至
18、终整个过程）。）I heard him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。）I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。）延续性动词与终止性动词的对比注: “”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词); “”右边的是延续性动词更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词): borrow, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize.borrowkeepbuyhavebecomebeput on wearmove tolive in
19、recognizeknowcatch a coldhave a coldget to knowknowopen sthkeep sth openleavebe away frombegin/startbe ondie be deadfinishbe overreturnbe backjoinbe in + 组织机构 /be a member of + 组织机构come herebe herego therebe therecome backbe backfall asleepbe asleepget to/arrive/reachbe (in)go (get) out be out fall
20、illbe illget upbe up 在有表示时间的场合，要注意根据句子或上下文提供的时间关系判断句子中的动词该使用延续性动词还是终止性动词。1. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。但: come/ begin/ get + to + 延续性动词可表示一瞬间的动作。(“点时间”指具体某一时间点;“段时间”指某一时间内.)It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误)因为rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示点时间，前后矛盾。It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正)-When d
21、id you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.2. 终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词一般只能用延续性动词。When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终
22、止性动词; when不可用while替换.)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.3. 终止性动词的完成时态，表示动作的完成并产生了影响与结果。但一般不能与表示延续的时间段短语“for”或“since”以及“How long ”连用，终止性动词否定式除外。He has joined the League. 他已经入团。He has been a League
23、 member for three years. He has been in the League for three years. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years.It is 4 years since the old man died.Four years has passed since the old man died.I bought the book 5 days ago.I have had the book for 5 days. 4.注意句型(1): “It is 一段时
24、间since从句(+ 终止性动词的过去时)” “一段时间has passedsince从句( + 终止性动词的过去时)”: 句子的含义是: “自从起, 有(多长的时间)”。如果在since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时，那么与其一般过去时的含义就完全相反了。注意比较理解: I have been at school since I have been ill. 我生病以来一直在学校里。I have been at school since I was ill. 我病愈以来一直在学校里。Its 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生戒烟已有四年了It is fo
25、ur months since my elder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英国已有四个月了。More than three years has passed since Mary came to China. 玛丽来中国已有三年多了5. 注意句型(2): “not + 终止性动词 + until/till .” 意为“直到才”。“延续性动词 + until /till”表示：“一直延续到.”I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。I won
26、t leave till my parents come back. 我将呆在家里直到我父母回来。言外之意是，我父母不回来，我就一直呆在家里，我父母回来后我就离开家。I didnt receive the notice until last evening.直到昨天晚上我才收到通知。言外之意是，昨天晚上前我一直没有接到通知。We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上一直工作到11点。高考中常见使役动词的用法与搭配1. makemake sb. do sth 使/让/逼某人做某事; (被动形式)sb. be made to domake sth
27、 done 使/让某事得以 make sb. adj 使某人处于的状态make sb sth 使/让某人成为 She will make a good wife. 她会成为一个好妻子。make oneself done 使某人的为他人所 (make oneself heard/ understood)2. havehave sb do sth 使/让/请某人做某事. have sb doing. 使/让某人一直做某事have sth done 请/让某人做某事; 招致或遭遇到(不好的事情) have sb adj. 使/让/某人处于的状态 It had the salesmen busy ar
28、ound.3. let let sb do sth 让/允许某人做某事 let sb+介词短语 让某人处于的状态4. keepkeep sb doing sth 使/让某人一直做某事keep sb/sth +介词短语. 让某人或某物处于的状态5. getget sb to do sth请/让某人做某事 Would you please get them to bring down the price?get sth done. 请/让某人做某事 Ill get my hair cut.get sb doing. 请/让某人一直做某事 The joke got us laughing.6. le
29、aveleave sb (to) do sth 让某人做/干某事 Well leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb doing sth 让某人继续处于某种状态 Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.leave sth done 让某事保持的状态The workers left the rest of the work untouched.工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。7. causecause sb to do sth 使得/促使/引起某人做某事 What caused him to quit his jo
30、b? 是什么原因使他辞职的?8. leadlead sb to do sth. 使得/引导某人做某事 What led you to think so? lead sb in doing sth 领导某人/带领某人干某事. The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up.9. forceforce sb to do sth 迫使/ 强迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器10. drivedrive sb+adj 使/逼
31、迫某人变成的状态 The loud noise have driven us mad.drive sb to do sth 迫使/逼迫某人做某事 He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承认。drive sb+介词短语 迫使/逼迫某人进入的境地The men drove the young man to the wall. 这几个人把这青年人逼得走投无路.11. obligeoblige sb to do sth 使某人(按法律、条约、合约等要求)而必须做某事。The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 这一丑闻迫使部长辞职。12
32、. sendsend sb doing sth 使某人进入(特定状态); (迫)使某人处于的状态The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space.send sb+介词短语 (迫)使某人进入的状态The failure sent him into discouragement.send sb to do sth 派某人干某事13. setset sb to do sth 使某人开始或着手做某事 set sb doing sth 使某人开始或着手做某事They set him
33、 to mow the lawn. 他们叫他给草坪刈草.Her words set me thinking. 她的话使我深思。set + sb./ sth + adj 使处于(的状态) She set the caged bird free. 14. placeplace sb in/into 使某人处于地位/位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position.15. putput sb in/into 使某人处于地位/位置 (用法同place.)16. bringbring sb/sth+介词短语 使某人或
34、某物处于的状态bring sb. back to life. 使某人起死回生 bring under control. 使处于控制之下The joke brought the class into laughter. 17. land land sb in 使某人在(地方)着陆 Ill land you safe in Liverpool.18. costcost sb sth. 使人遭到损失；使人赔了本The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years.这次比赛失败使我们丢失了保持已10年之久的冠军宝座。1
35、9.具有使役意义, 表示“使人，令人”的心理状态的动词。如：interest sb in(使某人对感兴趣) excite sb (使某人激动)astonish sb(使某人震惊)move, amuse, surprise, terrify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify上述V-ed/ V-ing的用法区别: 如: The story was
36、so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.役动词用法常见役动词词组1. 以break为中心的词组 break away from 脱离，逃离 break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚 break in 闯进，打断；使顺服 break into 闯入；强行进入；突然
37、开始 break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break ones promise 失言 break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解 2. 以catch为中心的词组 be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风，感冒 catch ones word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现，瞥见 catch up with 赶上，追及，追上 3. 以come为中心的
38、词组 come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付 come along 一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现 come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击 come back 回来；恢复，复原 come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒 come from 来自，起源于，从产生，生于 come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次 come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成 come into power 开始执政，当权，当选 come into use 开始使用，获得应用 come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出 come out 出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪
39、色；（秘密）泄露 come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于 come to an end 终止，结束 come to know 开始了解到 come true 实现，成为现实；证实 come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽 4. 以do为中心的词组 be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束 do a good deed 做一件好事 do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费 do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于 do its work 有效，有作用 do much 极有用 do
40、 wrong to 做错 do ones best 尽某人最大努力 do ones homework 做作业 do ones utmost 尽力而为 do proud 足以使骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人 do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮 do with 和相处，忍受，处理 do without 不需要，不用 do wonders 创造奇迹 have much to do with 和很有关系 have nothing to do with 与无关 have s
41、omething to do with 和有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下 That will do. 行了；够了 5. 以get为中心的词组 get about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传 get above oneself 自视高傲 get accustomed to 习惯于，对习以为常 get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解 get ahead of 胜过，超过 get along 前进，进步；同意；离去 get along with 与相处 get at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击 get away 离开，逃脱 get back 取回，回来
42、；报复 get behind 落后；识破 get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁 get down to 认真对待，静下心来 get familiar with 熟悉 get hold of 获得，取得 get home 到家 get in 进入，陷入；牵涉 get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身 get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处 get upon with 进步；在方面获得成功 get ones hand in 熟悉；习惯 get out of 由出来，从得出；避免；退休 get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get ready for 为作准备 g
43、et rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 到达，完成，通过；及格 get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见 get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织 get used to 习惯于 have got to do 不得不，必须 6. 以give为中心的词组 be given to 沉溺于，癖好 give about 分配；传播 give and take 相互迁就 give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发 give back 归还 give cause 给予的理由 give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出，放出；发表
44、 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give in to 同意，接受；向让步 give off 发出（烟，气味） give oneself out to be/as 自称为 give oneself up to 专心于；向自首 give out 分发，公布 give place to 让位于，被所替代 give rise to 引起，导致；使发生 give sb. to understand 通知某人 give up 放弃；停止 give way to 让步，退却；屈服于 7. 以look为中心的词组 look about 四下环顾；查看 look after 照顾，看管 look around 东张西望 look at 注视，着眼于 look back 回顾 look for 寻找；期待，期望 look down on 俯视；轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 窥视；调查；浏览 look like 看起来象 look on 旁观；面向 look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防 look over 从上面看过去；检查 look through 透过看去；看穿；浏览 look up to 仰望，尊敬 8. 以make为中心的词组 be made from 由原料制成 be made o