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1、. the Passive Voice （被动语态）（被动语态）文综之家 http:/ 一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by主动语态主动语态主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态判断
2、动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语/ 宾语宾语. by them in that factory. 1. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. 2.He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. Be要随着主语变要随着主语变逻辑主语逻辑主语by来引来引文综之家 http:/ 被动语态的大体构成：被动语态的大体构成
3、： Be + PP（过去分词）（过去分词）主动语态变被动之歌：主动语态变被动之歌：被动语态强调宾，被动语态强调宾，be后加上过去分。后加上过去分。Be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。行为对象作主语，行为对象作主语， 逻辑主语逻辑主语by来引。来引。1. They make shoes in that factory. 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时被动结构：一般现在时被动结构： am/is /are +过去分词过去分词Exercise:Exercise:2. They
4、bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时被动结构：一般过去时被动结构： was/were +过去分词过去分词Exercise:3. Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时被动结构：现在进行时被动结构： am/is/are + being +PPExercise:Exercise:They are playing volleyba
5、ll now.Volleyball is being played (by them) now4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.The famous man was being interviewed by her 过去进行时被动结构：过去进行时被动结构： was/were + being +PPExercise:He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.Basketball was being played at 8:00 yesterday.5.They
6、will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时被动结构：一般将来时被动结构： will+ be +过去分词过去分词be going to + be + ppExercise:The girl will finish her homework in twenty minutes.Her homework will be finished( by the girl) in twenty minutes.6. He said the workers would build a
7、new school in two weeks.He said a new school would be built in two weeks.过去将来时被动构成：过去将来时被动构成： would + be + pp7.Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词变被动：情态动词变被动：情态动词情态动词 + be+过分过分Exercise:8.We have made twenty keysTwenty keys have been made by us.现在完成时被动结构：现在完成时被动结
8、构： have/has + been+过去分词过去分词Exercise:9.We had seen this film before you came here.This film had been seen by us before you came here.过去完成时被动结构：过去完成时被动结构： had +been +PPExercise:The doctor knew that he had known his problem. The doctor knew that his problemhad been known by him.各种时态的被动情况：各种时态的被动情况：一般现在
9、时：一般现在时： 一般过去时：一般过去时： 现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时： 过去完成时：过去完成时： 一般将来时：一般将来时：过去将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：情态动词变被动：am / is / are donewas / were doneam / is / are being donewas / were being donehave / has been donehad been doneshall / will be donebe going to be donewould/should +be+ done情态动词情态动词+be+ don
10、eExercise: Pick out the passive voice We have an old musical instrument. It was called clavichord It was made in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a vi
11、sitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. We arent allowed to touch it. Now it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Exercises:一.选择填空:1. Windows of glass.A.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house
12、 in 2004.B.is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can for keeping warm.C.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA4. Watches_ Shanghai. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6.The things on show were _ the old days. A.
13、 used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces A A DA1. I was given a book by him. (间宾作主）间宾作主）He gave me a book. (变被动）变被动）主语主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾直宾2. A book was given to me by him.My mother bought me a birthday cake. 主语谓语谓语间宾间
14、宾直宾1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.2. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或或for。变为被动时，间宾前加变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾的带有双宾语的动词有：语的动词有：14个个bring, teach, pass, hand, g
15、ive, lend, refuse,leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.变为被动时，间宾前加变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的的带有双宾语的动词有：动词有：5个个buy, get, do, pay, sing.把下列句子变为主动语态：1.They made shoes in that factory.2.They will make shoes in that factory.3.They would make shoes in that factory.4.They can make shoes in that facto
16、ry.5.They have made shoes in that factory.6.They had made shoes in that factory.7.They are making shoes in that factory.8.They were making shoes in that factory带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework
17、 by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see notice原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或或 for。情态动词变被动，情态加情态动词变被动，情态加be加过分。加过分。 1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _well.(照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him l
18、ast year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in Beijing in 2008.was opened be looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The w
19、indows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. His doctor made him ha
20、ve only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were
21、 many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of
22、the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.Germ
23、an _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong 1.必须照看好孩子们。必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。 This bo
24、ok was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。昨天那支笔是他给我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR 4.这辆自行车能修吗？这辆自行车能修吗？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他们清理了。街道已由他们清理了。 The street has
25、 been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWRThey made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making
26、 shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song (by us).This song i
27、s often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).一感二听三使四看feel / hear listen/ make have let/ look see watch notice这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上to使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪， to在句子像妖怪。主动句里to 走开，被动句里to回来。动词let要除外， to词可来可不来。Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate
28、by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawforI bought my brother a book.注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。
29、Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped /
30、 supposed that .We report 1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。 如：如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits
31、me well.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误【误】The blackboard is looked at by you 4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正【正】You must look after yourself 【误【误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。The book is sold out.