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1、非谓语动词一、定一、定义 不不充充当当句句子子谓语的的动词叫叫做做非非谓语动词。它它们不不受受主主语限限制，无制，无时态与与语态变更，又称非限定性更，又称非限定性动词。二、形式二、形式1.动词不定式（不定式（to do sth.）2.动名名词（v.-ing）现在分在分词（v.-ing)3.分分词 过去分去分词（v.-ed或不或不规则变更）更）考点一考点一 动词不定式不定式 动词不定式可作主不定式可作主语、表、表语、宾语、定、定语、状、状语和和宾语补足足语，我，我们主要主要驾驭不定式作不定式作宾语、宾语补足足语及目的状及目的状语的的用法。用法。功能例句说明主语To swim here is da
2、ngerous.在这儿游泳是危险的。动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语表语My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。多数情况下，动词不定式作表语，可转换为作主语功能例句说明宾语I want to be an actor.我想成为一名演员。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语宾语补足语She asked me to speak English.她要求我说英语。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to定语Do you have anything to say?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词
3、的后面状语I come here to see you.我来这里是为了见你。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致此外，不定式可以与疑此外，不定式可以与疑问词连用用,用作主用作主语、宾语、表、表语等。等。I cant decide which one to buy.我不能确定我不能确定该买哪一件。（作哪一件。（作宾语）When to start hasnt been discussed.什么什么时候起先候起先还没有被探没有被探讨。（作主。（作主语）【温馨提示】【温馨提示】(1)help后接不定式后接不定式时可以省略可以省略to；(2)有有些些动词后后接接不不定定式式时通通常常省省略略to：
4、feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have（简记为一感一听三看三一感一听三看三让）。）。上述上述动词变为被被动语态后，其后的不定式必需后，其后的不定式必需补上上“to”。Tom helped his brother(to)learn to swim.汤姆帮他的弟弟学姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。游泳。变为被被动语态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom.We often hear Jack sing English songs.我我们常听常听见杰克唱英文歌。杰克唱英文歌。变为被被动语态：Jack is oft
5、en heard to sing English songs.【巧学妙【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作】只能跟不定式作宾语的的动词决心学会有希望（决心学会有希望（decide,determine,learn,wish,hope）,同意支配莫假装同意支配莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒胆敢拒绝会失会失败（dare,refuse,fail）,准准备设法来帮忙法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),供供应恳求求负担起担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),答答应支配理支配理应当（当（promise,arrange,be supposed）,以上后跟
6、不定式，以上后跟不定式，劝君牢君牢记永不忘。永不忘。考点二考点二 动名名词 动名名词相当于名相当于名词、形容、形容词。可作主。可作主语、宾语、表、表语和定和定语。功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示习惯性的动作Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是用来寄信的。功能例句说明表语His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下可
7、转换为动名词作主语定语Bill is in the reading room.比尔在阅览室里。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙【巧学妙记】宠爱（enjoy)不断不断(keep)提建提建议（suggest)盼望盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完却完毕(finish)想要想要(feel like)花花费(spend)去去练习(practice)忍俊不禁忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意介意(mind)后接后接动词-ingMy grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldnt help laughing.爷爷不
8、停地不停地讲笑笑话，我忍不住笑了。，我忍不住笑了。【温馨提示】【温馨提示】部分部分动词既可接既可接动名名词作作宾语，又可接不定式作，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意，两者意义区分区分较大。大。remember doing sth.记得做得做过某事某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘了做忘了做过某事某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（未做）忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事need doing sth.须要做某事（
9、被要做某事（被动含含义）=need to be doneneed to do sth.须要去做某事（主要去做某事（主动含含义）try doing sth.尝试做某事做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事尽力做某事hear/see sb.doing sth.听听见/望望见某人正在做某事某人正在做某事hear/see sb.do sth.听听见/望望见某人做了某事某人做了某事 考点三考点三 分分词 1.分分词的构成的构成分分词分分为现在在分分词和和过去去分分词两两种种。现在在分分词由由“动词+-ing”构构成。成。过去分去分词的基本形式是的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不，但也有不规则的
10、形式。的形式。2.分分词的句法功能的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the boy playing football?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？Please hand in your written exercise.请交上你的笔试练习。现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我
11、们的学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语功能例句说明表语The news is exciting.这个消息令人兴奋。Im interested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态补足语Dont keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等很长时间。I had my hair cut last night.昨天晚上我理发了。现在分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系).用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1.（20
12、12安安顺中中考考）Mr.Scott made a living by _(sell)old things.2.（2011遵遵义中中考考）Trust him!He has no difficulty _(work)out the problem.答案：答案：1.selling 2.working 3.（2011滨州州中中考考）David preferred _(sell)newspapers to doing housework when he was young.4.（2011兰州州中中考考）The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in Engli
13、sh learning.5.（2011梧梧州州中中考考）Davy enjoys _(play)tennis and baseball.答案：答案：3.selling 4.named 5.playing.单项选择1.(2012安安顺中中考考)Do you know whether the man _ by the door is Mr.Smith?Sure.Weve known each other for a long time.A.stand B.standing C.stood D.stands【解解析析】选选B。standing by the door是是现现在在分分词词短短语语作作后后
14、置置定定语语表表示示动动作作正正在在进进行行，与与被被修修饰饰的的man之之间间存存在在主主动动关关系系。故故选选B。2.（2012随随州州中中考考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal.A.for us to play B.of us playingC.for us playing D.of us to play【解解析析】选选A。Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.意意为为“做做某某事事对对某某人人”，其其中中it为为形形式式主主语语，动动词词不不定定式式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选是真正的主
15、语，故选A。3.(2012自自贡中中考考)When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting【解解析析】选选A。have sth.done“让让被被做做”。过过去去分分词词作作宾宾语语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。4.（2011山山西西中中考考）Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking,or they will break the law.A.drive B.driving C.t
16、o drive【解解析析】选选C。allow sb.to do sth.“允允许许某某人人做做某某事事”，其其被被动动语态为语态为sb.be allowed to do sth.“某人被允许做某事某人被允许做某事”。故选。故选C。5.（2011重重庆中中考考）We dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whether to do D.to do whether【解解析析】选C。“特特殊殊疑疑问词+to do”在在此此作作know的的宾语，再再由由it可知，句中已有可知，句中已有动词do的的宾语，
17、故，故选C。6.（2011绵阳阳中中考考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities.A.to take B.takeC.taking D.to taking【解析】【解析】选A。encourage sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事。激励某人做某事。7.（2011江江西西中中考考）How kind you are!You always do what you can _ me.A.help B.helpingC.to help D.helps【解析】【解析】选选C。动词不
18、定式短语。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。作目的状语。8.(2011济南南中中考考）The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals.A.to hurt B.to eatC.to help D.to kill【解解析析】选C。try to do sth.“努努力力做做某某事事”。句句意意：这位位女女士士宠爱动物，她努力地去帮助物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的些失去家园的动物。故物。故选C。9.（2011眉眉山山中中考考）Its a little cold today.Would you mind _ the w
19、indow?Of course not.A.not opening B.not to openC.dont open D.no opening【解解析析】选选A。Would you mind doing sth.?“你你介介意意做做某某事事吗吗？”,其否定形式为其否定形式为Would you mind not doing sth.?10.（2011昆昆明明中中考考）The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article.A.writing B.write C.to write D.wrote【解析】【解析】选选A。finish doing sth.完成某事。故选完成某事。故选A。