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1、Lesson 1 名词定义：名词(noun)，缩写为 n.是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。1、名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China 等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：fam
2、ily。3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：名词专有名词（Tom，Shanghai，USA,UN)举例普通名词可数名词个体名词person，desk，集体名词audience，crew 不可数名词物质名词stone，iron 抽象名词glory，
3、quality 2、名词复数的规则变化名词单数的特征复数构成方法举例规则名词在名词单数后直接加-s worker-workers bag-bags computer-computers 以 y 结尾y 前面是辅音字母，变y 为 i加-es city-cities body-bodies country-countries y 前面是元音字母，直接加-s boy-boys key-keys 以 o 为结尾的名词以元音字母加0 结尾的名词，直接加-s radio-radios bamboo-bamboos zoo-zoos 以字母加0 结尾的缩写词，直接加-s disco-discos photo
4、graph-photographs 以辅音字母加0 结尾的名词，有时加-es hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes echo-echoes 以字母0 结尾的外来词或者新产生的词，直接加-s piano-pianos solo-solos zero-zeros 以 f 或者 fe 结尾的名词多数情况下，变 f 或 fe 为-ves half-halveswife-wives knife-kniveslife-lives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves thief-thieves；有些，直接加-s belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safe
5、sgulf-gulfs；3、名词复数的不规则变化1）child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth mouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意：与man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen.但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman 是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2）单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币
6、元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters 3）集体名词只在动词使用时区分，如果将名词所表示的集体是为一个整体，则位于动词用单数；如果将名词表示的集体是为分散的个体，位于动词则用复数。如：The class is small.这是小班。The whole class are working very hard at English.这个班上的学生学习英语很刻苦。4）以 s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。c
7、.the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945 年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。5)表示由两部分构成的东西，永远以复数形式出现如：glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;tw
8、o pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，且只能在表示不同种类时采文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V
9、3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10
10、V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K1
11、0V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K
12、10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9
13、K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E
14、9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9
15、E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6用复数，如：goods 货物，waters 水域，fishes（各种）鱼4、不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时。比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类 时，名词可数。This factory produces steel.(不可数)We need various steels.(可数)2）抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations
16、四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表 一定的数量。如：a glass of water 一杯水a piece of advice一条建议5、名词所有格名词所有格（possessive case）表示人或物的所属关系。主要有三种形式：s 形式，of+名词形式和双重所有格形式1）s形式所有格即：表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格表示有生命的东西的名词(人或动物)的末尾，加上 s，即构成所有格，可放在另一名词之前，作定语用。如：Johns friend约翰的朋友Xiao Wangs notebook小王的笔记本childrens books儿童读物my fathers room我父亲的房间注意形
17、式1）单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加 s，如 the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所，children s book 儿童读物。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。2）of+名词形式常用于没有生命的事物：the title of the song 歌的名字文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L1
18、0F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L
19、10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2
20、L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J
21、2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2
22、J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT
23、2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 Z
24、T2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I63）双重所有格形式即结合上述两种形式of+名词所有格 ，表示部分观念或感情色彩。如（1)表示部分观念：a friend of my sisters(=one of my sisters friends)我妹妹的一个朋友；a picture of Mr.Wus吴先生(具有的照片中)的一张照片(比较：a picture o
25、f Mr.Wu吴先生本人的照片，即照片上是吴先生的像)。（2)表示感情色彩：this lovely child of your aunts你婶母的这个可爱的孩子名词所有格所修饰的词的省略名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。如：The dictionary is not mine,but Xiao Wangs.这本词典不是我的，是小王的。名词所有格后面指地点等的名词，有的习惯上可省去不用。如：I met him at the Johnsons(shop).我在约翰逊商店遇见了他。I went to my uncles(house)yesterday.我昨天到我叔叔家去
26、文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I
27、6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1
28、I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F
29、1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10
30、F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L1
31、0F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6文档编码:CB10H4L3I7R1 HY9E9K10V3W2 ZT2J2L10F1I6