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1、Unit 1 FriendshipPeriod : Grammar. 观察 仔细观察A、B、C三组句子，注意总结它们的变化规则。A. 1. He said, “I lost the bag.”2. He said that he had lost the bag.B. 1. “Do you want to take part in the sports meeting?” asked the teacher.2. The teacher asked me if / whether I wanted to take part in the sports meeting.C. 1. “When w
2、ill you go fishing?” Jane asked her father.2. Jane asked her father when he would go fishing.小结 上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语，第二句是间接引语，它们可以相互转化，转化后的间接引语常常是宾语从句，引导词有如下特征：组别直接引语间接引语A陈述句thatB一般疑问句if / whetherC特殊疑问句Wh- / how同时，时态也要进行相应的变化，一般规律如下：组别直接引语间接引语A一般过去时过去完成时B一般现在时一般过去时C一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完
3、成时温馨提示1. 直接引语变为间接引语时，一些词或词组也要变。如：指示代词：this that, these those; 动词：come go; 时间：now then, tomorrow the next day; last week the week before; 地点：here there; 人称：I he / she . 等。如：Tom said, “I will come here with my father tomorrow.” Tom said he would go there with his father the next day.2. 当直接引语强调的是客观事实或真
4、理，变为间接引语时，从句中的时态不变。如：Mr. Wang said, “The earth travels around the sun.” Mr. Wang said that the earth travels around the sun.3. 当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时间状语时，变为间接引语时，从句中的谓语时态可以不变。如：She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said (that) she was born in 1995.练习 完成句子，将下列直接引语转换为间接引语。1. Linda said, “Im meeting David for
5、dinner.” Linda said (that) she _ David for dinner.2. Bill said, “I forgot to pay my electric bill.” Bill said (that) he _ to pay his electric bill.3. I asked Jack, “Do you know the callers name?” I asked Jack _.4. The teacher asked him, “Why were you late yesterday?” The teacher asked him _.答案：1. wa
6、s meeting2. had forgotten3. if / whether he knew the callers name4. why he was late the day before.直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：She said, I am very happy to help you.She said that she was very happy to help you.2. 直接引语是一般/选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。
7、例如：He asked me, Do you like playing football?He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether he could do it or not.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：My sister asked
8、me, How do you like the film?My sister asked me how I liked the film.4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：The captain ordered, Be quiet.The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。My teacher asked me, Dont laugh.My teacher asked me not to laugh.5. 一些注意事项(
9、1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如： He asked Lucy, Where did you go?He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, What do you want, Ann?Tom asked Ann what she wanted.(2)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：They told their son, The earth goes round the sun.They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.(3)直接引语
10、变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如：He said, I havent seen her today.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。语法练习1. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. hav
11、e I already got well D. had I already got well.2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.3
12、. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter5. He said, “Dont do that again
13、.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do6.Canyoumakesure_? A.thathewillcomeheretoday B.whenhewillcomeheretoday C.willhecomeheretoday D.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow_? A.whereisheraddress B.inwhichplaceisheraddres
14、s C.whatheraddressis D.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme_? A.wherecanIgettothelibrary B.whereIcangettothelibrary C.howcanIgettothelibrary D.howIcangettothelibrary9.Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim. A.howwouldIlike B.ifornotwouldIlike C.whetherIwouldlike D.whichIwouldlike10.Idliketoknow_Chinese. A.whenhebegantolearn B.whendidhebegintolearn C.whendidhebeginlearning D.forhowlonghebegantolearn 6