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1、LESSON 23 如何讲述生活变化：喜迁新居Part 1 词汇脱口秀1. Complete1) V. 完成 (尤其强调一件事需要花费很久才完成)If you complete something, you finish doing or making something, especially when it has taken a long time.场景造句：金庸在 1955 到 1972 年间写了完成了 15 本武侠小说。Jin Yong completed 15 martial arts novels between 1955 and 1972.学校规定：学生必须学完必修课才能毕业。
2、Students must complete the required courses in order to graduate.【必修课：required courses, 选修课：electives 】地铁花了五年时间才完工。（听记 1）口语: “完成”，最简单就是 done，非常有用的词。用法 1：作为形容词：sth. is done = sth. is finished or completed 完成了,搞定了比如：一个公司里，Michael 对他的秘书 Susan 说： 如果你的报告写好了，就告诉我一声。Hey, Susan, If your report is done, plea
3、se let me know.没问题，快写好了。No problem. It is nearly done.Done 还可以表示“熟了”If you say some food is done, you mean it is cooked enough to eat.你到 China Town 点了碗牛肉面： 牛肉面条煮好了。The beef noodles are done.你吃了一口，发现牛肉没熟，面条熟透了：Oh, the noodles are well done, but the beef is not quite done yet.用法 2： sb. is done with st
4、h. = sb. has finished doing or using something场景：你如果在图书馆，看到一个同学在看一本杂志，你也想看，等他看的差不多了，把杂志放在旁边的时候，你对他说：“不好意思，你看完了吗？”。Excuse me, are you done with the magazine?= Have you finished reading the magazine?用法 3： A is done with B：A 和 B 断绝关系了（关系结束了）。I have just heard that Ross is done with Amy. Can you believe
5、 it?（Ross is done with Amy=Ross has broken up with Amy）2) complete adj. 完整的没有追逐过梦想，你的人生将是不完整的。Without having chased your dreams, your life will not be complete.没有你，我的人生将不完整。Without you, my life will not be complete. (= will be incomplete)没有音乐，我的人生将不完整。（听记 2）3) adj. 完全的（用于加重语气） 看电视完全是在浪费时间。Watching T
6、V is a complete waste of time.John 的客厅完全是一团糟。（听记 3）2. Modern1) adj. 现代的，现代风格的（时间概念）古代的: ancientModern means relating to the present time, for example the present decade or present century. Ancient means belonging to the distant past.l 现代 modern times古代 ancient timesl 现代世界：modern world古代世界 ancient wo
7、rld.l 现代都市：modern city古代城市 ancient cityl 现代历史：modern history古代历史 ancient historyl 现代艺术:modern art古代艺术ancient artl 现代技术：modern technology 古代技术ancient technology2) 现代化的，新式的 (因为现代的东西，往往是最新式的)When people say something is modern, they mean it uses the most recent designs or methods.这些建筑看上去很新潮,现代。 The bui
8、ldings look so modern.中国的高铁系统很现代。Chinas high speed train system is modern.modern 在中文中有个音译叫做“摩登”，语言在相互影响和渗透： 英语进入汉语中的一些 词汇和表达：汉堡 hamburger，三明治 sandwich，吐司 toast， 色拉 salad， 香波 shampoo，博客 blog，酷 cool， 罗曼蒂克 romantic， 基因 gene， 克隆 clone klon中文进入英文的词汇和表达：tofu tofu 豆腐， Kung Pao chicken 宫保鸡丁，dim sum 点心，Canto
9、nese 广东话，Mandarin 中文普通话，Long time no see 好久不见shanghaiv. 拐卖，诱拐 听课程音频：shanghai 为什么表示拐卖？coolien. 苦力 （a cheaply hired unskilled Oriental labourer 苦力; 便宜雇佣的无技术的东方劳动者3. Strange1) 奇怪If you say something is strange, it is unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult toexplain or understand.厨
10、房里有一股奇怪的味道。There is a strange smell in the kitchen.我听见一个奇怪的声音。（听记 4）这个房子一定有些奇怪的地方。There must be something strange about this house.这个房子可能是闹鬼了。The house may be haunted.口语表达另外两个奇怪：非常古怪,怪异的： weird = very strange or very different极为奇怪，离奇，匪夷所思:bizarre= extremely strange and unusual听音频：下面的三句有什么区别？Marks be
11、haviour is strange recently. Marks behaviour is weird recently.Marks behaviour is really bizarre recently. Is he mad ?2）陌生 （大家想想：一个东西奇怪，说明你很少见，对你而言是不是就是“陌生”呢？）If you say something is strange to you, you mean it is not familiar because you have not seen it before. You can also say a person is strange
12、, because you have never met the person before.造句：当我来到这个充满了陌生人的陌生的城市，一切对我而言都是陌生的。Everything was strange to me, when I first came to this strange city with so many strangers.春节，我回到了的家乡，看到了那么多熟悉的面孔感到无比开心。When I went back to my hometown on spring festival, I felt great to see so many familiar faces.注意：
13、熟悉是：familiarSomeone or something that is familiar is well-known to you and easy to recognize.翻译小挑战：熟悉的城市： a familiar city熟悉的歌曲： a familiar song这首歌听上去很熟：The song sounds familiar to me.我很熟悉这首歌：I am familiar with the song.好像在哪听过这首歌： The song rings a bell with me.4. District1）城市里的行政区(大小相对固定)：A district
14、is an area of a city with official borders.上海徐汇区 Xuhui district,Shanghai北京朝阳区 Chaoyang District, Beijing2） 政府规划的具备一些特定功能或特色的区：A district is an area of a town or the countryside, especially one with particular features.剧院区：the theatre district:(比如纽约的百老汇 Broadway)金融区：the financial district： Lujiazui i
15、s a financial district in Shanghai.文化区：the cultural district比如：北京著名的 798 艺术区（ArtDist）798 Art District（也有人称之为 798 Art Zone, zone 往往强调与周边不同的）【回顾】谈论一个国家或世界的区域用哪个词？region =a large area of a country or the world中国东部：the Eastern region of China.美国北部：the Northern region of America【听记答案】1. The subway/metro
16、took five years to complete.2. Without music, my life will not be complete.3. Johns living room is a complete mess.4. I just heard a strange noise.LESSON 23 如何讲述生活变化：喜迁新居Part 2 句型精讲1. 英语中如何表达“有”在介绍自己的新房时：这栋房子里有许多房间，还有一个漂亮的花园。The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.1） have 表示“拥有”，
17、侧重于 （听记 1） You may “have ” something but you may not own it.如果强调“所有权”用 own 或者 possess （possess 更为正式）If you have something, it is available for you to use. If you own something, it legally belongs to you.听音频：注意细微区别：一个教授问同学：How many of you have a cell phone? Please raise your hands. How many of you ow
18、n a cell phone? Please raise your hands.2） There be 的本质表示 (听记 2）When you say “there is” something, you mean that something exists or happens.注意不同时态：你回忆家乡的交通设施的变化：十年前，我的故乡曾经只有一个汽车站。There was only one bus station in my hometown ten years ago.（there was 这里表示过去存在）但现在，我的家乡有了两个高铁火车站。But now there are two
19、high-speed train stations in my hometown.（there are 这里表示现在存在）在过去十年中，已有成千上万的游客来我的家乡旅行。There have been thousands of tourists visiting my hometown in the past decade. （there have been 这里表示“已发生”的事情）未来，家乡将会有两个飞机场。There will be two airports in my hometown in the coming future.（there will be 这里表示未来将存在的）3）表
20、示“享有（某种福利，权利，有优势的东西）” 用：enjoyTo enjoy means to have something good that is an advantage to you.这个城市的居民享有很高的生活水平。People in this city enjoy a high standard of living.人们每年可以享有 30 天的带薪假期。（听记 3）苹果公司享有盛誉。Apple enjoys a good reputation.4）boast 表示“以拥有.为骄傲”拥有可以引以为豪的东西【boast 的原意表示：夸耀】To boast means to have so
21、mething that is impressive and that you can be proud of.中国拥有五千年历史和灿烂的文明。China boasts its history of five thousand years and splendid treasure of civilization.这个小村庄风景如画。The small village boasts picturesque scenery.【picturesque ,pktrsk adj. 如画般的】这家酒店拥有两个大型游泳池和一个高尔夫球场。The hotel also boasts two large sw
22、imming pools and a golf course.5）如果表示： （听记 4） 用: be blessed with他很幸运拥有一种极好的方向感。He is blessed with a great sense of direction.王菲拥有令人羡慕的嗓音。Wang Fei is blessed with a beautiful voice.而很多这种能力可能是天生的，表示天生拥有: be born with.Wang Fei was born with a beautiful voice.2. 课文中，作者提到新房开工的时间，有这样一句：Work on it had begu
23、n before my sister left.1）注意时态 had begun，过去完成时，强调动作发生在 left 动作之前2） work on it. = work on building the new house 建造新房的工作这里的 workn. 意思是“effort”，在本句中表示“工程的施工”，注意要搭配介词 on。比如： 当地政府于 2017 年开始这个项目的施工。The local government started work on the project in 2017.3） 另外：口语中： work on sth./doing 是很常用的动词短语，表示“花时间努力做一
24、件事，致力于.”比如：一个朋友 Susan 的电脑无法启动，让你帮她修电脑。你倒腾了半天。她有点急了说：“How is the computer now?”你说：“Dont worry. Susan I am working on it.” 别急，我正在努力修。J.K. Rowling 花了多年时间致力于写作小说哈利波特。J.K. Rowling spent many years working on the Harry Potter series.听音频：背景哈利波特系列书籍的故事。The Harry Potter fantasy series have won multiple award
25、s, and sold more than million copies. They have become the best-selling book series in history.Because of the Harry Potter series, Rowling has transformed her life from living on state benefits to being the worlds first billionaire author. However, she lost her billionaire status from giving away mu
26、ch of her earnings to charity. She deserves our respect.3. 复习：如何转述曾经说过的话？【15 课中我们重点讲过】课文回放：In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us.【这里的 could 原话是，You can stay with us。can 表示一种建议。】原话就是“直接引语”，转述就是“间接引语”特别注意间接引语时态特点：“时态后撤” 一般现在时 变成：一般过去时现在进行时 变成：过去进行时现在完成时 变成：过去完成时一般将来时(will do ) 变成：过去将来时（
27、would do）原话中如果是现在时态，在间接引语中全部变成过去时态（注意：表示仅仅是当时发生的事， 如果当时发生现在还成立这种特殊情况，我们以后再讨论）。如果原话用的是情态动词，该如何变化呢？can 变成 couldmay 变成 mightmust 变成 had to注意：must 表示必须，没有过去时态，要借用 had to 表示过去的“必须”场景造句：你和朋友 Abbey 在逛西湖：原话： Abby said, “Oh, I am too tired to walk. We may ride shared bikes.” 转述：Abby said that she was too tir
28、ed to walk and we might ride shared bikes.原话： I said, “We must download an app before we can use them.”转述： I said that we had to download an app before we could use them.原话： Abby said, “I havent downloaded the APP so I will download it. ”转述：Abby said that she hadnt downloaded the APP so she would do
29、wnload it.【听记答案】1. 使用权而非所有权2. 存在或发生3. People in this city also enjoy 30 days paid holiday every year.4. 有幸具有某种能力或拥有的东西令人羡慕LESSON 23 如何讲述生活变化：喜迁新居Part 3 转述演练1. 中英文逐句转述转述场景：假设你有个妹妹 Amy 住在英国，她给你写了信，邀请你去英国参观她的新房，还寄了新房的照片给你。有一次和英国朋友 Oliver 聊天时，你很兴奋地把这件事告诉他。Hi, Oliver, I have just received a mail from my
30、sister Amy.Amy 和她的家人住在英格兰。Amy and her family live in England.她告诉我他们现在住在一个漂亮的新房里。She told me that they are now living in a beautiful new house in a village.注意：转述的原话中，如果讲述的是现在还在发生的事情（不仅仅是原话说话的当时），那么时态任然用现在时。这样的原话往往是刚刚说的。Dad told me he is in Beijing.（说话当时在，现在也在） Dad told me he was in Beijing. (说话当时在，现在
31、不在了)去年我拜访他们的时候，他们还住在一个有 80 年历史的老式房子里。When I visited them last year, they were living in an old-fashioned house with a history of more than 80 years.【老式的：old-fashioned 】在我离开英格兰前，他们的新房就动工了。Work on their new home had begun before I left England.7 月份，房子提前两个月竣工了。It was completed two months ahead of sched
32、ule in July.在 Amy 的信中，她邀请我再去英格兰旅行，并且可以住在他们的新房里。In Amys letter, she invited me to revisit (重游) England and stay with them in their new house.Amy 还在信中附上了一张新房的照片。Amy attached a photo of their new house to her mail.【attach v. 附加 attachment 就是邮件的附件】当看到那张照片，那优雅的设计令我惊艳。When I saw the photo, I was wowed by
33、the elegant design.【口语中：wow v. = impress；be wowed by sth. 因看到很赞的画面而惊讶；elegant adj. 优雅的】房子看上去非常现代，非常吸引人。The house looks very modern and charming.它是一个两层的别墅, 屋顶的造型非常优美。It is a two-story villa with a beautifully shaped roof.新房还有一个漂亮的花园，里面有一大块草坪和各种植物。The new house also boasts a lovely garden with a large
34、 lawn and various plants.Amy 告诉我他们上周在那开了一个烧烤派对。Amy told me that they had a wonderful barbecue party there last weekend.但是，更令人印象深刻的是在二楼有个宽敞的阳台。But what is even more impressive is the spacious balcony on the second floor.白天，他们可以从阳台那欣赏壮美的山景。During the day, they can get a spectacular mountain view from
35、the balcony.晚上，他们可以坐在阳台的摇椅上，一边喝着葡萄酒，一边欣赏满天繁星。In the evening, they may sit on a rocking chair on the balcony and enjoy the starry sky while sippinga glass of wine.【rocking chair n. 摇椅 starry adj.繁星满天的sip v.小口喝】真是太棒了！我真是迫不及待想去拜访 Amy 和他们的新家。How amazing it is ! I just cant wait to visit Amy and their ne
36、w home.2. 全英文转述Hi, Oliver, I have just received a mail from my sister Amy. Amy and her family live in England. She told me that they are now living in a beautiful new house in a village. When I visited them last year, they were living in an old-fashioned house with a history of more than 80 years.Wo
37、rk on their new home had begun before I left England. It was completed two months ahead of schedule in July. In Amys letter, she invited me to revisit (重游) England and stay with them in their new house. Amy attached a photo of their new house to her mail.When I saw the photo, I was wowed by the eleg
38、ant design. The house looks very modern and charming. It is a two-story villa with a beautifully shaped roof. The new house also boasts a lovely garden with a large lawn and various plants.Amy told me that they had a wonderful barbecue party there last weekend.But what is even more impressive is the
39、 spacious balcony on the second floor. During the day, they can get a spectacular mountain view from the balcony.In the evening, they may sit on a rocking chair on the balcony and enjoy the starry sky while sipping a glass of wine.How amazing it is ! I just cant wait to visit Amy and their new home.
40、3. 点评：现代建筑有什么特点？19 世纪末，由于建筑材料和技术的变革，现代建筑开始兴起。Modern architecture emerged at the end of the 19th century from revolutions in technology, engineering and building materials.最主要推动现代建筑的材料有：cast iron（铸铁）, plate glass（厚玻璃板）, and reinforced concrete（钢筋混凝土）。所以，使得建筑风格发生了很大变化，出现了一批当时令人叹为观止的著名建筑。比如：1851 年英国举办第
41、一界世博会，举办地点在著名建筑 The Crystal Palace。水晶宫就是由钢架结构和玻璃为主要材料的建筑。The Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and plate glass construction. 这样的建筑在当时成为一道奇观。还有一个著名建筑就是巴黎埃菲尔铁塔。Another great example was the Eiffel Tower in Paris.埃菲尔铁塔在 1889 年巴黎世博会上让几百万的参观者为之惊艳。It captured the
42、imagination of millions of visitors to the 1889 Paris Universal Exposition.现代建筑有什么特点呢？What are the key features of modern architecture?最重要的就是在设计和形式上的简洁。One of the most important features of modern architecture is simplicity in design and form.传统的设计注重装饰，比如维多利亚风格 Victorian architecture，新古典主义风格 Neoclas
43、sicalarchitecture， 而现代很多的住宅剥去了层层修饰，展示建筑的基本元素。Instead of focusing on the decor （dekr 装饰）, homes are stripped（剥去） down to the basics to show the architectural elements of the home itself.现代设计崇尚住宅的干净、功能明确、简洁。Modern design encourages homes to be clean, functional and simple.设计的重点的是把整个空间当成一个整体。The focus
44、is on the space as a whole.20 世纪最著名的现代主义建筑大师之一密斯凡德罗（Mies Van der Rohe）曾有一句名言： “Less is more. ” 这句话可以说是对于现代设计哲学最简洁的总结。This is the simplest summary of the philosophy of modern design.这种设计理念不仅仅影响了建筑，在各种产品设计中也如此。 苹果公司创始人乔布斯对于 Simplicity 也是情有独钟。Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, was also a big fan of simp
45、licity.大家从苹果手机 Iphone 的早期设计中，可以看出 less is more 的设计美学。乔布斯有句名言：“Thats been one of my mantras（佛教中的祷语“曼陀罗”，引申为原则）: Focus and simplicity. Simple can be harder than complex. You have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it simple. But its worth it in the end because once you get there, you can move mountains. ”这不仅仅是现代设计的哲学，也是乔布斯思考的方式和处事的哲学.我觉得他的这句话，很像三国诸葛亮的一句名言：“非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。”That is what simplicity is all about.