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1、LESSON 11 如何讲述个性人物：绝不吃亏的家伙Part 1 词汇脱口秀1. Turn1）做了件有利于人的好事/不利于人的坏事do sb. a good or bad turn.If you do someone a good turn, you do something that helps or benefits them.（为某人做）好事，善事；（做）有助于某人的事If you do someone a bad turn , you do something harmful to them.做了件不利于人的坏事Mike 教我如何利用互联网来学习，这帮了我的大忙。Mike did me
2、 a good turn by showing me how to study on the Internet.但 John 把我的电脑给弄坏了，给我造成很大麻烦。（听记 1）善有善报。One good turn deserves another.恶有恶报。One bad turn deserves another.2）转弯旅行时给开车的朋友指路： 我们要在十字路口右拐/左拐We will make a turn to the right/left at the intersection.或 make a right/left turn请掉头 We should make a U-turn.I
3、f you make a U-turn when you are driving or cycling, you turn in a half circle in one movement, so that you are then going in the opposite direction.3）中文说的风水轮流转The tables are turned. 局势已经扭转A Turns the tables on B. A 转败为胜，占上风，B 转胜为败，占下风公牛队还落后 1 分，乔丹在最后终场前 6.9 秒投中 2 分球反超，拿下总冠军。In the beginning ,the Ut
4、ah Jazz was taking the lead.But the Chicago Bulls turned the tables on the Utah Jazz at the last moment.2. Deservev. 应得到，值得If you say that a person deserves something, you mean that he or she should have it or receive it because of their actions or qualities.你的同学获得了演讲比赛大奖。你对他说：Congratulations, you d
5、eserve to win.或者（听记 2） 你的同事 Sean 工作非常出色，获得了晋升。Sean did a great job in his work and he deserved the promotion.= He deserved to be promoted.He deserves the credit. 他值得赞赏。Langping deserves our respect.注意：You deserve it! 不同场合意思不同，关键看 it 指什么。* 一个同学 Mark 寒窗苦读，最后考上哈佛，获得全额奖学金。拿着录取通知书，你说 Mark, you deserve it
6、. 这是你应该得到的回报。* 一个小偷半夜翻墙偷东西把脚摔折了，被警察抓住。 警察说：You deserve it. / It serves you right. 你活该！3. Lawyern. 律师Just learn some key words about law.如果 A 控告 B，A 将成为原告，而 B 就是被告。If A sues（控告）B, A will be the plaintiff(原告) and B will be the defendant（被告）.他们会聘请律师代表他们出庭。They will hire attorneys（多用于美国）or lawyers to re
7、present them in court (in court 在法庭上).律师将会进行法庭辩论。The lawyers will have a court debate.陪审团会在法庭上听取案件的事实，并且决定被告是否违法了。The jury（陪审团） will listen to the facts of a case in a court and decide whether or not the defendant is guilty of a crime.最终，法官将作出法定裁决。Finally , the judge（法官） will make the legal decision
8、.4. Bank1) 银行银行账户：bank account存款：n. depositJ de + posit 放置 -“往下放”： 放在箱底，存起来定期存款：time deposit活期存款：current deposit current 可以表示流动的 或 demand deposit 根据需要的存款存款 to deposit (v.) money：He has deposited a million dollars in his bank account.取款 to withdraw money：He withdrew some money from the bank.汇款：I remi
9、t(=send) money to my family every month. I have wired (电汇) $1000 into Abbys bank account.或简单一点：I have wired $1000 to Abby.2）库（如血库等）You use bank to refer to a store of something. For example, a blood bank is a store of blood that is kept ready for use.血库：a blood banka bank of knowledge 知识宝库Internet i
10、s a bank of knowledge.充电宝: a power bankYou need to take a power bank with you in case your cellphone needs power supply.数据库: data bank (or data base) 3）河岸A funny question:Q:What is the richest thing in the world? A: A river. Because it has two “banks”.5. Salaryn. 工资他的工资很高。（听记 3）这个词来自词根 “salt” 盐。在古代欧
11、洲，盐很贵重，很多古罗马士兵会发专门的钱买盐。In ancient times, salt was very valuable. Roman soldiers were given a sum of money to buy salt. Their pay was called “salarium”. (字面意思就是买盐的钱)慢慢地，salarium 这个词逐渐用来指代发给士兵的军饷以及发给罗马帝国官员的报酬。Over time, salarium was used to mean the money paid the soldiers, and even the officials of t
12、he Roman Empire.最后，这个词用来统指“薪水、薪资”。Eventually , it refers to salaries in general.* the salt of the earth : 社会中坚力量，中流砥柱 elite：精英 of the world来自圣经.马太福音中的一句话：耶稣对他的门徒（disciple）说：You are the salt of the earth. You are the light of the world. 你们是地球之盐，世界之光。意思是你们的使命要让这个世界变得更加有味道，更加光明。* above the salt地位高中世纪时期
13、，大概英国的伊丽莎白一世时代，王公贵族们的餐桌上都摆着一个很大的盐罐，贵族首领坐在餐桌的头部，就是 above the salt，盐罐上方位置，表示“上等位置。所以，above thesalt 表示地位很高。Our boss is above the salt in the company.Michael considered himself above the salt, since getting the promotion last month.上个月他升职后，他觉得自己在公司里地位高人一等。 和工资相关的词：salary 月薪，年薪（通常是给予专业工作者的工资）Salary is us
14、ually used for professional jobs such as teachers, managers, doctors etc.wage 一般指按小时、天、周来计算的工资hourly/daily/weekly etc. wagepay 报酬Pay means the money you receive for doing a job. The employees complain about their pay.员工对报酬不满。raise 加薪：Tom is asking for a raise. Tom 要求加薪。加薪之前，先要知道你自己做了什么贡献。Before you
15、ask for a raise, you have to know what contribution you have made.income 泛指所有收入，包括工资、股息、租金等所有收入yearly income 年收入6. Immediately (adv.) 立刻，马上1）立刻，表示时间上接近 = right away, at once我们必须马上出发。We have to go immediately / right away/at once.我们必须马上采取行动。We should take actions immediately.正式表达：（听记 4）2）除了时间上的近，还可以指
16、关系上的“接近” They are my immediate family. 他们是我的直系亲属。Bill is my immediate superior.Bill 是我的直属上司。【听记答案】1. But John did me a bad turn by damaging my computer.2. You deserve the award.3. He gets a good / handsome（数量可观）salary.4. Immediate actions should be taken.LESSON 11 如何讲述个性人物：绝不吃亏的家伙Part 2 句型精讲1. I was
17、 having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.【讲解】（1） at a restaurant：at 往往表示一个具体的地点他们住在维多利亚街 58 号。They live at 58 Victoria Street. 我们在一家咖啡馆邂逅。We first met each other at a cafe. (first adv. 首次，第一次)（2）这句话中，when 有“正在那时，突然”的意思我们正在看世界杯决赛，突然停电了。We were watching the world cup final,when the powe
18、r went out / there was a blackout.我刚刚睡着，突然电话铃就响了。（听记 1）2. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.【讲解】（1）复习：频度副词（从低到高）从不 Never 很少 seldom 偶尔 occasionally 有时 sometimes 经常 often 通常 usually 总是 always（2） pay back the money 还钱下周我会把我所有欠你的钱还你的。Next week, I
19、will pay you back all the money I owe you.如果小 A 做了很多伤害小 B 的事，小 B 对小 A 说： Some day, Ill pay you back for all that you did to me ! 总有一天我会把你对我做的一切还给你的。（报复） B is saying he will take revenge on A some day.It is tit for tat. 这是以牙还牙。（tit for tat 当作不可数名词使用）pay off the debt 把债还清Mike 已经把他的债都还了。（听记 2）很多人买房按揭，可
20、能要还 30 年。It may take you 30 years to pay off the housing loan.loan n. 贷款助学贷款：student loan很多大学毕业生要花 10 年还清助学贷款。It may take a graduate 10 years to pay off his/her student loan.pay off 另一个意思：成功，有回报If an action pays off, it is successful after a period of time.别放弃，你的努力会有回报的。Dont give up. Your efforts wi
21、ll finally pay off.pay v. 表示有回报,值得做If you say it pays to do something, that means it is worthwhile to do it.坚持总是有回报的。It pays to be persistent.诚信是有回报的。（听记 3）Honesty is the best policy.诚实是最好的策略。作弊是没有好处的。Cheating doesnt pay.3. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table.【讲解】（1）重新认识 and：不仅仅表示并列，而可以表示
22、动作或事件连续发生We can use and to link two events when one of the events follows the other.我向他挥手告别，然后上了火车。I waved him goodbye, and got on the train.（2）一般来说，连续的三个动作只需要一个 and，用 A，B and C 的结构。Susan 刷了牙，洗完脸，然后上学去。（听记 4）再如：Kevin 参加长跑比赛，跑了一半摔倒了，只见他爬起来，拍拍身上的尘土，继续向终点跑去。Kevin got up , shook off the dirt and kept ru
23、nning toward the destination.而课文中用了两个 and 特意表达对每个动作的强调。体会当时，作者看到 Tony 的心情，肯定惴惴不安。发现 Tony 看到我，然后向我走来，然后坐下。两个 And 把当时作者的心情非常精准地描述出来。用法举例：如前面的句子：Kevin got up and shook off the dirt and kept running toward the destination.加了个 and，好像把慢镜头回放每一个动作。通过连续的 and 来加强语气：比如：一个小朋友一个人在家，看到房子里有很多老鼠。Mom, there are rats
24、 all over the house.加强语气：Mom, there are rats and rats and rats all over the house.【听记答案】1. I had just fallen asleep when the phone rang.2. Mike has paid off all his debts.3. It pays to be honest.4. Susan brushed her teeth, washed her face and went to school.LESSON 11 如何讲述个性人物：绝不吃亏的家伙Part 3 故事转述【转述练习
25、】中英文对照场景想象：你在和一个外国朋友聊天，聊到有些特别吝啬（mean）小气(cheap)的人。你想到，你的表弟 Kevin有一位特别小气、喜欢占便宜的朋友 Tony。于是，你给这位外国朋友聊 Tony 的故事。我的表弟 Kevin 有一个朋友叫 Tony。这个家伙特别喜欢占别人便宜。My cousin Kevin had a friend called Tony. This guy likes sponging on others. 注意：sponge on sb. 就是揩油的意思Tony 多年前曾在一家律师事务所上班，现在一家银行工作。Tony used to work for a la
26、wyers office several years ago and is now working at a bank.尽管 Tony 的薪水很高，但他常常向朋友借钱。Even though Tony earns a handsome salary, he frequently borrows money from his friends.借钱没什么问题，但是你知道为什么我的表弟很讨厌 Tony?It is ok to borrow money , but do you know why my cousin hates Tony?因为他从来欠朋友的钱都不还。Because he never p
27、ays back the money he owes his friends.有一天，Kevin 在一家非常好的餐厅吃晚餐，猜猜他遇见了谁？One day, Kevin was having dinner at a very nice restaurant and guess who he met ?对了，他遇到了 Tony。Tony 看见了我的表弟，向他走去，然后和 Kevin 坐在同一张桌子旁边。Yes , he met Tony. Tony saw my cousin and walked to him and sat at the same table with Kevin.我想 Ke
28、vin 心里一定非常担忧，因为 Tony 从来没有向他借过钱。I think Kevin must have been very anxious, because Tony had never borrowed any money from him.因此，Kevin 决定先下手为强。So Kevin decided to make the first move.不等 Tony 开口向他借钱，Kevin 提出向 Tony 借 20 英镑。Instead of waiting for Tony to borrow money from him, Kevin asked Tony to lend h
29、im 20 pounds.Kevin 认为，这样相当于告诉 Tony，他没钱。In this way, Kevin thought he was telling Tony he didnt have any money.令人惊讶的是，Tony 立刻就答应了 Kevin 的请求。Surprisingly, Tony accepted Kevins request right away. 答应要求：accept ones request然而，Tony 后来要求 Kevin 为他付晚饭钱作为回报。However, Tony then asked Kevin to pay for his dinner
30、 in return.Tony 肯定是一个小事精明，大事糊涂的人。Indeed(确实), Tony must be penny wise and pound foolish.【转述练习】全英文（请在课后自行练习）My cousin Kevin had a friend called Tony. This guy likes sponging on others. Tony used to work for a lawyers office several years ago and is now working at a bank. Even though Tony earns a hands
31、ome salary, he frequently borrows money from his friends.It is ok to borrow money, but do you know why my cousin hates Tony? Because he never pays back the money he owes his friends.One day, Kevin was having dinner at a very nice restaurant and guess who he met ? Yes , he met Tony. Tony saw my cousi
32、n and walked to him and sat at the same table with Kevin. I think Kevin must have been very anxious, because Tony had never borrowed any money from him.So Kevin decided to make the first move. Instead of waiting for Tony to borrow money from him, Kevin asked Tony to lend him 20 pounds. In this way,
33、Kevin thought he was telling Tony he didnt have any money. Surprisingly, Tony accepted Kevins request right away. However, Tony then asked Kevin to pay for his dinner in return.Indeed, Tony must be penny wise and pound foolish.【内容点评】Tony 是一个非常现实的，或者说，喜欢占别人便宜的人。这样的人可以叫做 moocher (或 mooch)n. 游手好闲，喜欢白吃白
34、拿，揩油的人。A moocher likes sponging on other people. 揩别人的油 sponge on / off others或者：a spongern. 依赖别人，喜欢揩油的人A sponger is a person who gets money or food from others without giving anything back.Tony 做过律师，西方律师是高收入，但是很多人对律师的评价不高。因为很多人认为：Lawyers are liars and greedy.世界各地关于律师的评价：【具体讲解请听音频】Lawyers and painter
35、s can soon change white to black. Danish proverbA Lawyer will do anything to win a case. Sometimes he will even tell the truth. Patrick Murray （British Sitcom actor） 请体会这句话中的讽刺语气：ironic adj. 讽刺的A lawyer looks at you with one eye, but he looks at your pocket with two.Jamaican（牙买加）proverbIt is better
36、to be a mouse in a cats mouth than a man in a lawyers hands.Spanish proverb然而，尽管律师饱受争议，但却是很多西方家长热衷的职业。 Everyone wants to say they hate lawyers, and yet Ive never met a parent who didnt want their kid to be a lawyer.- Jessi Klein (American writer)Most western parents wish to send their kids to one of the three schools： law school, medical school , business school.