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1、 Hi,everybody,Im going to continue the topic-the basic spirit of traditional Chinese culture.The fourth aspect:practical rationalism.Practical rationalism is an important proposition of traditional Chinese philosophy.Its very abstract.I will try to explain it in the simplest way.Basically it contain
2、s two meanings,One is statecraft ideology,It emphasizes that being engaged in scholarship should serve the reality.This tradition has a long history,As the psychological structure of traditional Chinese culture,its reflected in many schools,especially in Confucianism founded by Confucius and Mencius
3、.So Confucianism stressed on learning to meet practical needs which has a profound impact on Chinese culture.For example,in the novel the Romance of the Three Kingdoms,Zhuge Liang disputed with the scholars of the southern land to cooperate with the southern land to fight against Cao Cao.He debated
4、with the scholars of the southern land,He convinced them one by one.Then one scholar stood up and made a personal attack on him.The scholar asked Zhuge what kind of books you have read,People will laugh at you if they know it.That means what Confucian classics you have read,How dare you give speeche
5、s like this?People will laugh at you if they know what youve read.Zhuge Liang replied,Scholars can be divided into the noble and the mean,There is the noble scholar.Loyal and patriotic with perfect rectitude and resentment of any crookedness,The concern of such a scholar is to act in full sympathy w
6、ith his day,and leave to future ages a fine reputation.There is the scholar of the mean type,A pedant and nothing more,He labors constantly with his pen,In his callow youth composing odes,And in hoary age still striving to understand the classical books completely.Thousands of words flow from his pe
7、n,But there is not a solid idea in his breast.Who made a distinction between the noble and the mean?Confucius.Zhuge Liang meant that you guys are all mean scholars,What we advocate is noble scholars.the characteristics of a noble scholar can be summed up in four phrases,Loyalty and patriotism,Perfec
8、t rectitude and resentment of any crookedness,The concern of such a scholar is to act in full sympathy with his day,and leaving to future ages a fine reputation.This is the tradition of statecraft ideology.Its a very good tradition.And of course this tradition deviated a lot in Neo-Confucianism alth
9、ough Neo-Confucianism made important contributions in theory and practice,it had one shortcoming:It only talked about the mind which was impractical.When Song and Ming dynasties were subjugated,it was the time that Neo-Confucianism was flourishing.The enlightenment thinkers between Ming and Qing dyn
10、asties drew a conclusion about the end of the two dynasties,They thought the main cause was that Neo-Confucianism wasnt practical.Now the viewpoint appears invalid.Attributing the end of Song and Ming dynasties to Neo-Confucianism is a little bit unreasonable.So what was the main cause?It was politi
11、cal corruption,undeveloped military system and technology.Does this have something to do with Neo-Confucianism?There may be some connections.Neo-Confucianism wasnt practical and should be responsible for the ill fate.And then the enlightenment thinkers between Ming and Qing dynasties satirized the N
12、eo-Confucianists and wrote a pair of poetic couplets about them,Usually talking about the mind while doing nothing,Committing suicide to repay the emperor when in danger.This was a classic irony on the Neo-Confucianists.For example,Wen Tianxiang was a typical Neo-Confucianist.Now were talking about
13、Wen Tianxiang,we say he had a noble personality,he was a national hero.Of course thats correct.In fact,when Wen Tianxiang was young,he indulged himself in eating,drinking,gambling and frequenting brothels.His personality wasnt noble at that time.After he was influenced by Neo-Confucianism later,he b
14、ecame moral and noble.If a person was influenced by Neo-Confucianism,his personality would be noble.Many years later,Wen Tianxiang left a couple of poetic lines for later generations,Who can avert his death since time immemorial,Let my heart remain true to shine in the annals.He left to future ages
15、a fine reputation.But you know the first two sentences of the poem read like this,How panic-stricken I was retreating before the Tartars,Being a captive,I lamented over my solitary confinement.What does that mean?Wen Tianxiang led his soldiers fighting in battles there were two battles in Lingding S
16、ea and Huangkong shores,They were all defeated by the enemy.According to the historical records,When led his army fighting in battles,he never won.He had the heart of serving the country But no capability.Thats the problem.Therefore,the enlightenment thinkers between Ming and Qing dynasties advocate
17、d statecraft ideology.This tradition had a strong response in modern China.The danger of national subjugation and genocide needed pragmatism,that is,the spirit of statecraft ideology.The second is seeking the truth.In order to use what you have learnt,you must have real capability.So,you should have
18、 a learning style of seeking the truth.Thats a scientific attitude and scientific method.Seeking the truth from facts comes from the Book of the Han Dynasty.King Xian of Hejian Liu De loved to study history.He sought the truth from facts.In the Tang Dynasty Yan Shigu commented on seeking the truth f
19、rom facts,To get the facts,you need to seek the truth every time.This has a profound impact on Mao Tse-tung.Mao Tse-tung said,Our party has a tradition of seeking the truth from facts.It is the combination of the universal truth of Marxism with the reality of China.He put forward the ideological rou
20、te of seeking the truth from facts.To a large extent,It is the sublimation and development of the traditional Chinese practical rationalism.Practical rationalism basically refers to these contents.How to evaluate it?On the one hand,it makes the Chinese nation practical,able to do great things down t
21、o earth.Why could the Communist Party of China achieve success?Its related to the ideological route of seeking the truth from facts.Thats its positive effect,Its also the main aspect.But is there any negative effect?There should be.Its mainly embodied in two ways.One is in theory.It ignores the role
22、 of rationality,Just seeking short-term success and quick gains in practice,Its likely to lead to pragmatism.Well,the basic spirit of traditional Chinese culture consists of four aspects.As long as we learn the spiritual essence of these four aspects,we can understand the nature of traditional Chine
23、se culture and its specific properties.Regarding the traditional Chinese cultural resources,what kind of attitude should we take now?We have a very clear view,Its in five words.Transformation in a creative way.It means For modern society,the traditional Chinese culture is just a spiritual resource,W
24、hat were going to do now is to take modernization as subject and reference to creatively tap cultural resources,Turning it into a modern spiritual force and an important part of modern civilization.Thats the top priority.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out We should dig deeply into traditional
25、Chinese culture such as being benevolent,people-oriented,trustworthy,advocating justice,harmony and unity,And seeking great harmony.All of these thoughts have contemporary value,This sentence points out the basic characteristics of the fine traditional Chinese culture,And its quite to the point.Thats what makes Xi Jinping intelligent.Thats all for this lecture on traditional Chinese cultural spirit.Thank you for watching.