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1、名词性从句名词性从句1.1.种类种类2.2.宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态。3.that3.that 什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。4.whether4.whether 和和 if if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。5.5.如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.I wonder _ y
2、ou will go shopping or stay at home.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.This is _ he was often late for school.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move一名词性从句的概念：一名词性从句的概念：一个句子在连接词连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。二名词性从句的功能：二名词
3、性从句的功能：相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。His job is important.(主语)What he does is important.(主语)This is his job.(表语)This is what he does every day.(表语)I dont like his job.(宾语)I dont like what he does every day.(宾语)I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.(同位语)I dont know about the man,Mr.Wh
4、ite.(同位语)得出结论得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。语从句和同位语从句。三引导名词性从句的连接词：三引导名词性从句的连接词：1、连接代词：who,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,whichwho,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。I dont believe _ he has achieved so far._ breaks the law should b
5、e punished.2、连接副词：when,where,why,howwhen,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。_ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill.3、连接词：that,whether,if,as if,as thoughthat,
6、whether,if,as if,as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。I dont care about _ you have money or not.The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time._ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.It looks _ it is going to rain.The truth is _he didnt come for the concert
7、._ the earth is round is true.四名词性从句的类型：四名词性从句的类型：1.1.主语从句：主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有 that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why 等。如:_ he is a famous singer is known to us._ he will go to America is not yet fixed._ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much._ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.注意：
8、注意：1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用 it it 作形式主语作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下记住以下 it it 作形式主语的句型作形式主语的句型：Its likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said/reported that据说/据报道It seems/appears/happens that显然、明显、碰巧Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fac
9、t/a common knowledge(众所周知）/a common saying（俗话说）thatIt worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forIt remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatIt is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
10、2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。When and where he was born hasnt been found.When he was born and where he was born havent been found.When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.Exercises:Exercises:.
11、_ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever_I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.HowIts not clear _ was responsible for the accident.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That_ in the regulations that you should not
12、tell other people the password of your e-mailaccount.A.What is requiredB.What requiresC.It is requiredD.It requires2.2.表语从句：表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词 that,whether,as if,as though;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because 等。如:The problem is _ we didnt get in touch with him.This is _ Henry solved
13、the problem.His suggestion is _ we(should)finish the work at once.It looked _ it was going to rain.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意注意：1.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用表语从句用should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should 可省略可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.His suggestio
14、n is that we(should)finish the work at once.2.The reason is that 的理由是，的原因是The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3.It is because 这是因为Exercises:Exercises:This is _ she w
15、as born.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whatThe question is _ we cant go there today.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whenThe reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whatMy advice is that he _ school by bike.A.go toB.would go toC.goes toD.went to_ she couldnt underst
16、and was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;thatEnergy is _ makes things work.A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything3.3.宾语从句：宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导词有连词 that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why 等。如:(1)V+宾语从句，即“动宾”：We bel
17、ieve that he is honest./I asked if they had a cheap suit./Can you tell me which dictionary is hers?/Ireally dont know what he is doing.I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as onemight expect.A.why it doesB.what it doesC.what it isD.why it is-Dont you believe me
18、?-_,I will believe _ you say.A.No;whateverB.Yes;no matter whatC.No;no matter whatD.Yes;whatever“What did your parents think about your decision?”“They always let me do _ I thinkI should.”A.whenB.thatC.howD.what.(2)prep+宾语从句，即“介宾”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday./Pay attention to what the teac
19、her said.I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A.whomeverB.no matter whoC.whoeverD.anyoneMary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.thatIt was a matter of _ would take the position.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever(3)adj+宾语从句，即“形宾”：Im sure
20、that my brother will love the jacket./I am glad that you can come and help me.不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.注意注意：(1)whether 与 if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用 if，不用 whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.用 if 会引起误解，就要用 whether。Please let me k
21、now whether you want to go.（如果把 whether 改成 if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的 whetherwhether 与与 or notor not 直接连用，就不能换成 if；不直接连用，可换成 if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。whether 可与不定式连用，构成 whether to dowhether to do 结构。whether 也可引导主语从句
22、、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用 if，而不能用 whether。They dont know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.Exercises:Exercises:I asked her _ she had a bike._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Were worried about _ he is safe.I dont know
23、_ he is well or not.I dont know _ or not he is well.The question is _ he should do it.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.(2)如果宾语从句是由 that 引导，and 或 but 连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个第一个thatthat 可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的 thatthat 不能省略不能省略.He said(that)the text w
24、as very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.My deskmate told me(that)he watched a football match last night,but that it was very discouraging.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用 it 作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且并且 thatthat 不可以省略不可以省略.He has made it clear that he will win the game.I find it necessary that we should learn E
25、nglish well.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.(3)表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如 advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等，从句用虚拟语气，即 should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should 可省略可省略。(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。I dont think he will come.I dont
26、think Ill trouble you again.I dont expect that they will get married soon.(5)宾语从句的时态呼应：a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.He believes _.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Please tell me _.b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实客观事实、真真理理、自然规律自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备.He told me _.他说他
27、已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的.The teacher told us _.Exercises:Exercises:Do you see _ I mean?A.that B./C.howD.whatTell me_ is on your mind.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whyWe must stick to _ we have agreed on.A.whatB.thatC./D.howLet me see _.A.that can I repair the radioC.I can repair the radioKeep in
28、mind _.A.that the teacher saidB.what did the teacher sayB.whether I can repair the radioD.whether can I repair the radioC.that did the teacher sayD.what the teacher said4.4.同位语从句：同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词 ideaidea；beliefbelief；factfact；truthtruth；problemproblem；news,information;hope;thought;promisen
29、ews,information;hope;thought;promise等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引导(whose 和 which 不引导同位语从句)We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whetherWe heard the news _ our team had won.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whereThe problem _ it is right o
30、r wrong has not yet been decided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.ifThey expressed the hope _they would comeover to China.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whenThe fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what注意：注意：1.名词 suggestion,advice,order 等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用 should+动词原形,should 可省略。a.The suggestion t
31、hat he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A.was put forwardB.put forwardC.should look forwardD.looked forwardb.The suggestion that we _ to picnic onSunday was agreed to by most people.A went B.would go C.go D.were allowed to go2.同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news from Ma
32、ry that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whetherTheres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.thatB.whichC.of whichD.whatIt remains a question _ we can g
33、et so much money in such a short time.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatDanby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which3.如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?a.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that 不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中
34、不做任何成分，只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.五名词性从句的考点归纳：五名词性从句的考点归纳：1.名词性从句的语序：a.That+陈述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he brokeB.What he brokeC.He brokeD.His breakb.疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序,即“疑问词+句子的
35、剩余成分”。I dont know when he will go to Nanjing./This is what we are looking for.a.How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.()b.Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?()2.表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion,(advise)advice,ord
36、er,request,demand等，要用虚拟语气，即 should+动词原形,should 可省略。3.that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的 that 可省略that 不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用 it 做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词 that 不能省略I dont think _ she is coming.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.The reason is _ he is careless.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.I
37、 dont think it necessary _ you shouldread English aloud.He told me _ his father had diedand _ he had to make a living alone.4.关于 whether 与 if 的使用：What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious diseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyElephants have their own way to tell
38、the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.A.不填B.whetherC.howD.whatThe question is _the film is worth seeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how_ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Even ifExercise:Exercise:我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is
39、not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with
40、you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we(should)have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we(should)take part in this competition.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The
41、problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is.判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句?1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arri
42、ved at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.8.He spoke as if he understood what
43、 he was talking about.9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10.I wonder why she refused my invitation.相关练习：相关练习：1.I have no idea _he will come back.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that2.The news _surprised everybody yesterday now proves tobe false.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how3.One of
44、the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what thatB.that whichC.that whatD.which that4.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which5.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.whichB.whenC./D.that6._ I cant understan
45、d is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soonB.that hell come soonC.of that hell come soonD.his coming soon8.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the busB.when will come the busC.when does the bus comeD
46、.when the bus comes9.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.that if10.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what11.Wed like to do_ we can _ the poor.A.how;helpB.all;to
47、 helpC.whatever;helpD.however;to help12.-I rang you at about ten,but there was no reply.-Oh,that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that13.See the flags on top of the building?That was _ we did this morning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what14._ makes this shop different is that it of
48、fers more personal services.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever15.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever16.The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A.in whichB.in whatC.from whatD.from which17.Great changes have taken place in that school
49、.It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago,_ it was sopoorly equipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that18.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a care for AIDS will be found.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether19.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether20.A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where