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1、主语主语不及物动词不及物动词Shecame/Myheadaches.主语主语及物动词及物动词宾语宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语主语系动词系动词主语补语主语补语(表语）表语）Sheishappy主语主语双宾动词双宾动词间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语ShegaveJohnabookSheboughtabookforme.主语主语宾补动词宾补动词宾语宾语宾语补语宾语补语ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词
2、序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语）方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences:1.The world loves nature.2.Knowledge is power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjec
3、tpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I d
4、ont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在它在复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同主语、宾语、表语、同位语位语等等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句句、表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句名名词性从句性从句nounclause
5、主语从句主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句宾语从句objectclause 表语从句表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句同位语从句appositiveclause主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 不不可省可省),whether;代词有代词有who,what,which;副词副词when,where,how,why等等.如如:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous sing
6、er.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)We believe(that)he is honest.I told him(that)I would come back soon.He said(that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that
7、 常常可省略可省略),whether,if;代词有代词有who,whose,what,which;副词副词 when,where,how,why 等等.如如:表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 不可省不可省),whether;代词有代词有who,what,which;副副词词 when,where,how,why 等等.如如:The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem.His suggestio
8、n is that we(should)finish the work at once.如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时等名词时,后面引导后面引导的表语从句用的表语从句用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词一般放在名词 fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion 等之后等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连引导词有连词词 that;少数情况下也可用连接副词等少数情况下也可用连
9、接副词等.如如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名词名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用要用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.What are noun
10、clauses?What are noun clauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.Subject clauseObject clauseObject clause after a prepositionPredictiv
11、e clauseAppositive clausePracticetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类指出下列各名词性从句的种类1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoa
12、t.5.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有:连词连词:that/whether/as if(though);连接代词连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever /whichever，连接副词连接副词:where/when/why/how
13、 /wherever/whenever。引导词引导词句型转换1.They are good doctors.He told us.2.He hadnt said anything at the meeting.The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用成名词性从句用that引导。引导。3.Does your sis
14、ter get up early?Do you know?4.Do animals have the same senses as humans?I often wonder.Do you know if/whether your sister gets up early?I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用变成名词性从句用if或或whether引导。引导。5.When did he buy this new bike?C
15、ould you tell me?6.My question is this:where will the lecture be given?Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。问词来引导。总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看另外，一般情况下，名词
16、性从句均看作单数概念。由作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。句保持一致。1.What we need more time.2.What we need more English dictionaries.areisPractice time.单句改错1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that y
17、ou will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules._is_hasnt_would_was_hewill_EnglishhasSubject Clauses 主语从句主语从句1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).That he will succeed is certain.2)Whether he wil
18、l go there is not known.3)What he said is not true.4)Where he hid the money is to be found out.5)Whoever comes is welcome.6)Its certain that he will succeed.7)How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主
19、语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词由连词whether和和if,连接代词连接代词what,who,which和连接副词和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导等引导.也也常常后置常常后置:Itisapitythatyoumi
20、ssedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.It 的用法：的用法：（形式主语）（形式主语）It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布 It seems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、显然、明显、碰巧碰巧.Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无
21、疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知）众所周知）/a common saying.（俗话说）俗话说）考点二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _is_ that book.What he needs _are_ some book.what引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分充当句子成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,而而that则不然则不然,它在句子中只起连接作它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：用。例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterday
22、isright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.What与与that引导主语从句引导主语从句 由由that引导引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)that无意义无意义,后接一个完整的句后接一个完整的句子子.that不可省不可省ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance注注 意：意：1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidiso
23、fgreatimportance.3.Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.4.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.“if”不能引导主语从句，应用不能引导主语从句，应用“whether”引引导。导。主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般不能省。一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。）根据句子的语境而定。1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Wh
24、y C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which;belong to b.As,belonged to c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwateris
25、C.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhaveObject Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句
26、的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是陈陈述述句句时时（包包括括肯肯定定句句和和否否定定句句），连连词词由由that引引导导，因因为为that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略vLinTaofeelsLinTaofeels(that)(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.hisownteamisevenbetter.vSheShe
27、sayssays(that)(that)sheshewontwonttaketakepartpartininthethesportssports meetingnextSunday.meetingnextSunday.vJimJim thoughtthought (that)(that)thethe traintrain waswas likelike a a bigbigmovingparty.movingparty.2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略：（1）当）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语
28、时，第二个宾语时，第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所
29、跟跟的省略的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句的从句也可算是宾语从句vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.2.2.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是一一一一般般般般疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连词词词词whetherwhether或或或或if if引引引引导导导导（口口口口语语语语中中中中常常常常用用用用if if），因因因因为为为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译译译成成成成：“是是是是否否否否”，具具具
30、具有有有有一一一一定定定定的的的的意意意意义义义义，所所所所以以以以不不不不能能能能省略省略省略省略vLilywantedtoknowLilywantedtoknow if/whetherif/whether hergrandmahergrandmalikedthehandbag.likedthehandbag.vLetsseeLetssee if/whetherif/whether wecanfindoutsomewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.informationaboutthatcity.vSheaskedmeSheaskedme if
31、/whetherif/whether shecouldborrowshecouldborrowthesebooks.thesebooks.whether与与if的辨用的辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式(whether to do sth.)f.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句连在一起引导宾语从句时不用时不用if1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句a.当当whether后紧跟后紧跟ornot时时,不用不用
32、if.eg:IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别Practicetimeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know
33、_ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句时时，由由连连接接代代词词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或或连连接接副副词词（when,where,how,why）引引导导，因因为为连连接接代代词词或或连连接接副副词词在在从从句句中中担担任任一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，具具有有一一定定的的意意义义，所所以以不不可可以省略以省略vDoyouknowDoyouknowwhatwhathesaidjustnow?hesaidjustnow?vIdontrememberIdont
34、rememberwhenwhenwearrived.wearrived.vIaskedhimIaskedhimwherewhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Icouldgetsomuchmoney.vPleasetellmePleasetellmewho(whom)who(whom)wehavetosee.wehavetosee.vDoyouknowDoyouknowwhatwhattimetheplaneleaves?timetheplaneleaves?带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellush
35、owoftenhowoftenyougoabroadforyougoabroadforaholiday?aholiday?vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowlonghowlongthemeetingwilllast?themeetingwilllast?vIdontknowIdontknowhowfarhowfaritistothecinema.itistothecinema.vPleasetellusPleasetellushowmanyhowmanystudentsthereareinstudentsthereareinyourschool?yourschoo
36、l?vCanyoutellusCanyoutellushowoldhowoldhisbrotheris?hisbrotheris?vPleasetellusPleasetellushowsoonhowsoonyouwillbeready.youwillbeready.vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowmuchhowmuchitcoststoflytoitcoststoflytoHainan?Hainan?二、时态二、时态1.1.1.1.如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时
37、（包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vIknowheliveshere.Iknowheliveshere.vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.
38、Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过
39、去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）vIknewwholivedhere.Iknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.tomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.Hesai
40、dthathehadseenit.3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatt
41、hey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)will be goes were playing have returned had been 6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)wrote has taken had been 三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其
42、他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.1could/would是是委委婉婉语语气气，而而不不是是过过去去式式，因因此此宾宾语语从从句句的的时时态态根根据据实实际际情情况况用用不不同同时态。时态。注意事项vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowo
43、urCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?tickets?vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是say时时，连连词用词用thatvShesays(that)shewi
44、llleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3.否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上主句谓语上,从句谓语用
45、肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)4.it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放从句则放在句尾在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.主句主句主句主句从句从句从
46、句从句一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态 一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词DoDo youyou knowknow ifif _back_back nextnext weekweek?IfIf hehe _back,pleaseletmeknow.back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesA.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,w
47、illcomeC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome5.5.连词连词连词连词 ifif和和和和 whenwhen在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：CIdontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes1.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB
48、.thatC.weatherD.whetherA.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.2.Wedontknow_theydidit.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichA.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.3.TheThe teacherteacherasksasks usus _ JimJim cancan comecome backback onontime.time.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeA.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime 4.4.DoesDoesa
49、nybodyanybodyknowknow_orornotnotwewewillwillhavehavea asportsmeetingthisweekend.sportsmeetingthisweekend.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatA.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.5.Couldyoushowme_?Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationA.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettot
50、hestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeA.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarriv