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1、考向19 阅读理解命题来源句式高考英语阅读理解命题点来源高频句型 类型一 转折/对比强化句式1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed s
2、ome birds sitting on the backs of sheep.2. The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.3. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the
3、"apples" have more internal fat than external fat. 4. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.5
4、. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）6. While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life.
5、 （前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）7. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. 8. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new house of stone.
6、 In fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St. Paul's. （in fact, actually 事实上，表示转折）9. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple-s
7、haped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)10. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lo
8、wer-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doi
9、ng most of the eating. （even 表示递进） 类型二 分类说明（举例/ 讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found tha
10、t the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.类型三 原因/结果突出常用词汇：because / as / since / for /as a result / cause / ma
11、ke / contributed to / rest on / rest in / marked by / one result / therefore / aimed at1.As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything.（as 引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）2. For about a century
12、, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. .3. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the sur
13、face shake and sigh as though it were breathing. （cause, make 等表示使动含义的动词）4. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.5. Women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support,
14、 but men's relationships are marked by shared activities.（rest on 基于）6. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）7. The major market force rests in the growing Populat
15、ion of white-collar employees. （rest in 在于）8. the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）9. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and fr
16、iendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. （aim at 目标）10. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,Second, by
17、trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.11. Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment(环境)friendly products have&#
18、160;contributed to the pollution problem.类型四 强调句/倒装句加强表达力度1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.2. Where was it that you found your lost pen?3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece. 4. Among these people
19、was a man named Alfred Butts. 5. Outsides were two men.类型五 使用rather (than) / instead / more than / less than 1.With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0c, it may seem more like a survival tes
20、t than a relaxing hotel break. 2.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat. 3.In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United Stated, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. 4.Thus, the
21、 ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer. 5.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild. 6.There is
22、 relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. 7.Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible
23、with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments. 8.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods&#
24、160;instead. 【检测训练】1With the aim of educating both locals and visitors about Arctic animals and the value of preserving Norway's natural heritage. Bardu's Polar Park offers encounters(通近) with hand raised wolves.I stood nervously outside the enclosure(圈地) at Polar Park. Somewhere behind
25、 the wire were five Norwegian grey wolves. "These are just big dogs," I kept saying to myself. “And they probably have had breakfast already.”Stig Sletten, Polar Park's animal manager, said,' "Once youre in with the wolves, lie down and don't stare them in the eye. Let the
26、m approach you. Don't stick your hands out. And absolutely don't stick your tongue out." That we were about to enter a cage full of “socialized” wolves was all down to Stig and his devoted team. It was Stig who founded Polar Park back in 1994. And it was Stig and his team who hand-raise
27、d the park's wolves from birth.“These wolves have all been brought up to be comfortable among humans,” he explained. “Allowing them to meet visitors is actually a good way to reduce boredom and stress” Confident that we understood the strict rules of interacting, Stig opened the enclosure and we
28、 all followed him. Within seconds the pack was running rewards us, eyes forward, long noses down. For an exposed human, the first approach of five grey wolves, socialized or not, was a slightly unrest and heart-quickening experience.But any sense of trepidation was quickly replaced by delight. The f
29、ive wolves turned out to be fun and curious, and eager to check us out as we were them.“Most people consider wolves unapproachable. There are a lot of negative or unpleasant impressions about wolves, both in Norway and across the world." said Stig. "One of our main aims here is to educate
30、both locals and visitors about Arctic animals. Once they've got touch with the wolves of Polar Park, many of our visitors leave with a different view. ”1. Why did the author keep saying to himself outside the enclosure?A. To memorize strict rules.B. To restrict his excitement.C. To study wolves
31、in advanceD. To relieve his nervousness.2. What is Stig Sletter's advice on the encounter with the wolves?A. Approaching them actively.B. Standing up with hands out.C. Avoiding sticking your tongue out.D. Looking at them with a kind smile.3. What does the underlined word "trepidation"
32、in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. funB. fearC. curiosityD. confusion4. What may the different view be in the last paragraph?A. Humans and wolves can bond well.B. Preserving animals turns out easy.C. Wolves are able to protect humans.D. The value of education is ignored.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A【解析】本文是一篇
33、记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在巴尔迪的极地公园与人工饲养的狼邂逅的故事。1. 推理判断题。 根据第二段“I stood nervously outside the enclosure(圈地) at Polar Park.( 我紧张地站在极地公园的围栏外。)”及“"These are just big dogs," I kept saying to myself. “And they probably have had breakfast already.”(“这些只是大狗，”我一直对自己说。它们可能已经吃过早餐了。)”可推断，作者自言自语是为了缓解自己的紧张。故选D。2. 细
34、节理解题。根据第三段“Once youre in with the wolves, lie down and don't stare them in the eye. Let them approach you. Don't stick your hands out. And absolutely don't stick your tongue out.( 一旦你进入狼群，躺下，不要盯着它们的眼睛。让它们接近你。不要伸出你的手。还有千万别吐舌头)”可知，Sig Settet 建议在与狼见面的时候不要伸出舌头。故选C。3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段 “For an expo
35、sed human, the first approach of five grey wolves, socialized or not, was a slightly unrest and heart-quickening experience.(对于一个暴露的人类，第一次接近的是五只灰狼，不管是否社会化，这都是一个稍微不安和心跳加速的经历。)”及第五段“But any sense of trepidation was quickly replaced by delight. The five wolves turned out to be fun and curious, and eage
36、r to check us out as we were them.(但所有的trepidation很快就被快乐所取代。这五只狼看起来很有趣，也很好奇，它们急切地想看看我们是不是它们。)”可推断，这种由稍稍不安和心跳加速的经历所造成的“恐惧感”很快被快乐所取代，划线词的意思与“fear(恐惧)”的意思最为接近，故选B。4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Most people consider wolves unapproachable. There are a lot of negative or unpleasant impressions about wolves, both in Norw
37、ay and across the world.( 大多数人认为狼是不可接近的。在挪威和世界各地，人们对狼有很多负面或不愉快的印象)”及“Once they've got touch with the wolves of Polar Park, many of our visitors leave with a different view(一旦他们接触到极地公园的狼，我们的许多游客离开时就会有不同的看法).”可知，很多人认为狼是难以接近的且对狼的印象是不好的，但是他们在极地公园与狼邂逅之后会改观。由此可推断，这个“不同的看法”可能是“人类可以与狼相处得很好”。故选A。2 For ma
38、ny of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environm
39、ent?The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of
40、Environmental Protection. She advises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “Its just like brushing your teeth, ”she says. “You dont want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk: W
41、ashing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to educate the public about storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny regions wat
42、erways. “We ask people to consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable(透水的)surfaces where the water gets absorbed, ” Schombert says. “Soil can break down and help filter(过滤)those things,” Schombert says. “Storm sewers are not made for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soap
43、s to wash their cars, which Schombert says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding waste water in storm sewers. According to the International Carwash Association(ICA), professional car washes must use water
44、reclamation systems. These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment systems, but they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.5. What does the underlined word probably mean in the first paragraph?A. topB. bottomC. insideD. outs
45、ide6. What worries people when they have their cars washed?A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.B. Large quantities of water are wasted.C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.D. D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.7. Whats the disadvantage of washing cars at home?A. It is not
46、easy to deal with.B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.C. It consumes a larger amount of water.D. It does much damage to the environment.8. What can be the best title of the text?A. Do You Put Car washing at Risk?B. Which Is Better: Car Wash or DIY?C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing?D
47、. Do Americans Use Less Water than They Did Years Ago?【答案】5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哪一种洗车方法对环境更有益处：在家还是去洗车公司。5. 词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles
48、.”可知，对于我们中的许多人来说，夏天意味着去海滩或山上的公路旅行，或者至少意味着在我们车的exterior有一些灰尘和鸟粪。结合句意和常识可知，灰尘和鸟粪通常在车的外部，即划线词意为 “外部，外面”，与outside同义。故选D。6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Its just like brushing your teeth,” she says, “You dont want to leave the water running of more than you need for the job.”（ “这就像刷牙一样，”她说，“你不想让水流得比所需的更多。”）”可知，人们在外边洗车时担
49、心会浪费掉更多的水。故选B。7. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.（但即使遵循这一建议，也会带来环境风险：在车道或街道上洗车会将脏水冲进雨水沟）”可知，在家自己洗车的缺点是对环境有害处。故选D。8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“The extra dirt leads us to do one of
50、 two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?（这些额外的脏东西会让我们做以下两件事之一：在私人车道上洗车，还是去洗车处洗车。但是哪种选择对环境更好呢？） ”结合下文对两种方法优缺点的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了在专业洗车店里洗车和自己动手洗车，到底哪个对环境更有益处，故B选项“洗车处和自己动手洗车哪个更好?”符合文章标题。故选B。3Integrity is the quality of being honest an
51、d strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the dev