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1、解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。【备考建议】做细节理解题时，应该注意以下的命题方式：1.特殊疑问句形式。以w
2、hen, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3. 以According to 开头提问方式；4. 以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_.（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that_.（3）It seems that now a countrys e
3、conomy depends much on_.（4）If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be, you may visit_.（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_.（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to_.5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现
4、的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句仔细品味，对照比较确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极
5、其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确
6、的判断此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。【真题对点析】1（2020·海南高考真题）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal
7、 plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxi
8、de and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from
9、the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating
10、insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are
11、 not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there i
12、s a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.1What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?AThey produce oxygen.BThey cove
13、r a vast area.CThey are well managed.DThey are rich in wildlife.2Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?AHeavy rainsBBig trees.CSmall plants.DForest animals.3Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?AFor more sunlight.BFor more growi
14、ng space.CFor self-protection.DFor the detection of insects.4What can be a suitable title for the text?ALife-Giving RainforestsBThe Law of the JungleCAnimals in the AmazonDWeather in Rainforests【答案】1D2B【分析】本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产
15、生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。1细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。2细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and le
16、aves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。【对点模拟练】1During the cold winter days, there are some interesting festivals (节日) i
17、n the world. Look at the following ones.Harbin Ice and Snow FestivalPlace: ChinaTime: January 5 to February 5People build incredible things out of ice and snow,decorating them with lights.The Carnival of VenicePlace: ItalyTime: between February and MarchOne of the most beautiful festivals in the wor
18、ld,people wear masks and elaborate costumes to hide differences among classes,and there are contests for the best costumers.Holi FestivalPlace: IndiaTime: late February/March, on the last dull moon dayHindus and Sikhs,in India,Nepal,and Sri Lanka celebrate the main day of this incredibly fun 16-day
19、festival by throwing colored powder and water at each other.Sundance Film FestivalPlace: Utah, the USTime: end of FebruaryThe largest independent film festival in the US. Watch both feature films and shorts. You need to buy a ticket.1Which of the following festivals cant be celebrated at the end of
20、February?ASundance Film Festival.BHarbin Ice and Snow Festival.CHoli Festival.DThe Carnival of Venice.2If you want to watch wonderful films, you may go to .AIndiaBChinaCAmericaDItaly3If you go to Europe, which festival can you celebrate?ASundance Film Festival.BHoli Festival.CThe Carnival of Venice.
21、DHarbin Ice and Snow Festival.【答案】1B 2C 3C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季的一些有趣的节日。1细节理解题。根据Harbin Ice and Snow Festival部分中的Time: January 5 to February 5可知，哈尔滨冰雪节的庆祝时间是一月五日到二月五日，因此不能在二月底庆祝的是哈尔滨冰雪节。故选B。2细节理解题。根据Sundance Film Festival部分中的The largest independent film festival in the US. Watch both feature films an
22、d shorts. You need to buy a ticket.可知，美国最大的独立电影节。看故事片和短片。你需要买一张票。由此可知，要想看很棒的电影，你也许可以去美国。故选C。3细节理解题。根据The Carnival of Venice部分的Place: Italy可知，The Carnival of Venice是意大利的节日，去欧洲可以参加威尼斯狂欢节。故选C。【考点精准说】2-信息寻找题、广告阅读题信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常
23、常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”
24、和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。（2）联想推测法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩
25、写词有：Tel. =telephone number Ph. =phone Add (r). =address co. =company Ltd=LimitedMax=maximum Min=minimumhr=hour t=timefig=figure ft=foot ml=mile doz=dozenMt=Mountain P=pageprof. =professor Dr. =doctors=south n=north w=west Sta=Station pop=popular vs=versusXmas=Christmas info=information VIP=very impo
26、rtant persons hrs=hoursaft=after ad=advertisement p/t=part time exp=experienced PC=personal computer MA=Master of ArtsBS degree=bachelor's degree (学士学位)【真题对点析】2（2020·北京高考真题） Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of ac
27、tive subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from A I specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the w
28、orld of language leaning. Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorde
29、d with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue leaning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our leaner
30、s, not for any third party. And it's all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat. Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learni
31、ng type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will, find it very rewarding to learn with Lanco
32、m. Choose Your Subscription and Get Started1 month3 months6 months12 months$12.95/m$8.95/m$7.45/m$6.95/mBuy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren't satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days. Contact & Support: customerservice17Who can provide Lancom with a
33、huge potential for innovation in learning?ACulture researchers.BAI specialists.CLanguage experts.DArt designers.18What lies at the core of the Lancom app?AA flexible system.BAn effective method.CThe brain-training technique.DThe informative content.19Lancom claims that it is unique in its _.Apersona
34、lised coursesBmultiple languagesCpricing policyDservice team【答案】17C18B19A【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为Lancom的全球性语言学习应用程序，介绍了其特色、价格以及联系方式等信息。17细节理解题。根据第一段中“With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow Lancom with an enormous potential for innovatio
35、n within the world of language leaning.”可知，在人工智能专家、艺术设计师和文化研究者的建议下，我们的多语言专家为Lancom在语言学习领域提供了巨大的创新潜力。由此可知，语言专家为Lancom提供学习创新的巨大潜力。故选C。18细节理解题。根据第二段“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language leaning with advanced technology.”可知，Lancom的核心是一种世界级的有效方法，利用先进的技术来增强语言学习。由此
36、可知，Lancom应用程序的核心是有效的方法。故选B。19细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know.”可知，Lancom是唯一一款为您的母语量身定制课程的产品，以您已经掌握的语法和单词为基础，由此可知，Lancom声称它的个性化课程是独一无二的。故选A。【对点模拟练】24 Study and Homework Apps for Android!BrainlyPri
37、ce：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per yearBrainly is a social network for learners. You sign up, ask questions, and get answers (usually).Additionally, you can browse the site, answer other people's questions, and help them out as well. There They charge on a quarter basis ($15)or a yearly basis($24)
38、.ForestPrice: Free/Up to $1.99Forest is a different type of app. One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone.Forest helps put a stop to that. You open the app and a tree grows.The tree dies if you leave the app.Thus, there is a little motivation to leave the thing alone while you
39、 study or do homework.Google Play BooksPrice: Free app, book costs varyGoogle Play Books is an excellent source of learning material. Sometimes your textbook just isn't enough and apps like this have plenty of additional resources. Books cost money obviously. However, you only pay for them once.
40、 Books are available offline on your smartphone or tablet.QuizletPrice: Free/$19.99 per yearQuizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning. You can create flashcards play memory games, and even share flashcards with classmates. It also supports 18 languages for about any sub
41、ject or topic. The free version should work just fine for simple uses, though. The premium version costs $19.99 per year, which isn't expensive for a study aid.21. What is special about Forest?A. It helps keep youfocused. B. It answers your questions.C. It provides textbooks for your study. D. I
42、t motivates you to plant more trees.22. Quizlet is designed for _.A. Bookworms B. Job seekersC. Game players D. Language learners23. What do these apps have in common?A. They provide interesting games for learners. B. They charge for some services.C. They have enough learning resources. D. They are
43、designed to do homework quickly.【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个安卓系统的学习应用程序。21. 【答案】A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone. Forest helps put a stop to that.”可知，学习时最大的干扰之一就是你的智能手机。Forest有助于阻止发生这种情况，由此可知，Forest的特别之处是能够帮助你集中注意力，故A项正确。22.【答案】D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Quizlet is one
44、 of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning.”可知，Quizlet是最流行的语言学习抽认卡应用程序之一故D项正确。23.【答案】B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Price：Free/$15 per 3 months/$24 per year”，第二段中的“Price: Free/Up to $1.99”，第三段中的“Price: Free app, book costs vary”及第四段中的“Price: Free/$19.99 per year”等信息可知，这四个应用程序都会针对一些服务收费，故B项正确。【考点精准说】3
45、-数据计算题 此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。【真题对点析】3【2020·全国新课标II】 The Lake District Attractions GuideDalemain M
46、ansion & Historic GardensHistory, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, muse
47、ums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct).House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct)Town: Pooley Bridge & PenrithAbbot Hall art Gallery & MuseumThose viewing the quality of Abbot Halls temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary