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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第17讲介词和介词短语【复习概览】在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养介词和介词短语语言能力语法知识1.单句填空2.语篇填空3.单句翻译4.书面表达生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价关键能力必备知识（）【命题分析】一、命题要求介词和介词短语考点，是英语高考常考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：常用介词的用法、介词短语的用法等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.书面表达。介词和介词短语在语法填空中是常考点。 2022年介词和介词短语还有可能考，让学生掌握这个考点是必要的。【基础巩固】知识点：介词和介词短语重难点知识：考点1常见
2、介词的用法【典例】1.【2021·英语全国甲卷】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It was built originally to protect the city 42 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造
3、的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。2.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填
4、of。3. 【河南省平顶山市2021届高三10月阶段测试】Doctors say 60 minutes of exercise is needed _ teens to build up their bone and muscle strength.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。医生说，青少年需要60分钟的锻炼来增强骨骼和肌肉力量。本句含有不定式复合结构“for sb. to do sth.”作状语。for表示“对于”。故填for。4. 【吉林省吉林市2021届高三上学期第一次调研考试】A Weibo user remarked, “Lis success lies _ her passio
5、n for life.”【答案】 in【解析】考查固定短语。李的成功在于她对生活的热情。句中涉及固定短语“lie in”，意为“在于”，句中指“李的成功在于她对生活的热情”符合句意。故填in。【方法指南】常用介词如in，on，for，with，against，of，beyond，out of，across等含义较多，应全面把握。1against有“违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。Vacations help us perform better at work，improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depres
6、sion.假期帮助我们在工作中表现得更好，提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。2beyond可表示范围，限度，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one's reach/one's control，意为“无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/想象不出来/无法相信/够不着/无法控制”。 “I came to thank you，”she said，surprising me beyond speech.“我是来感谢你的。”她说。(听到这)让我惊讶地说不出话来。3by可表示程度或增减的幅度，还可作“按；以计；
7、依据”讲。As far as I know，workers are generally paid by the month.据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。4for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为”之意。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。 5off有“在离不远处；在沿海的
8、海面”之意。She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。6across有“横跨”之意。Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？7on/upon有“刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。Upon graduation，Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.夏洛特
9、一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔，开了一个私人诊所。8over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到结束”。Talks with the teachers' union over the weekend have averted a strike.周末与教师工会举行的谈判避免了一场罢工。Over coffee，she lit a cigarette，her eyes daring him to comment.喝咖啡时，她点燃了一支烟，用挑衅的眼神看着他，谅他也不敢吭声。9within可表示范围、程度，意为“在之内”。The government was doing everything within
10、its power to help the victims.政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。10of表示在范围内。The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.停火决议要求释放所有战俘。A common memory they all have of their schooldays is the school uniform.他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。【变式】1. 【宁夏银川一中2021届高三第三次月考】Nations or countries are often linked _ c
11、ertain food. For example, many people think of Italy when eating pizza.【答案】to/with【解析】考查介词。民族或国家通常与某种特定的食物联系在一起。be linked to/with为固定短语，意为“与有联系”。故填to/with。2. 【吉林省长春市普通高中2021届高三质量检测】Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon(榫卯) technique, which means no nails or glue are involved _ the
12、entire process of building the arch bridge.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。阿木爷爷遵循中国古代的榫卯技术，这意味着在整个建造拱桥的过程中不涉及到钉子或胶水。此处是短语be involved in意思为“包括中，涉及到”。故填in。考点2介词的固定搭配【典例】1. 【江西省赣州市会昌县七校2021届高三联合月考】the study said. "Climate change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected."The re
13、port identified six areas that the world needs to deal _ immediately.【答案】with【解析】考查固定短语。该报告确定了世界需要立即处理的六个领域。deal with处理，该短语是固定短语，所以填with。2. 【山西省长治市2021届高三期中考试联考】It was in the ninth year when I began to suffer _ depression.【答案】from 【解析】考查介词。句意：九岁的时候，我开始患上抑郁症。suffer from“患病”，故填from。【方法指南】考查介词短语辨析，往往要借
14、助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。I hate it when she calls me at workI'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。Have
15、 you ever heard of the trees that are homes to animals both on land and sea?你听说过成为海陆两栖动物的栖息地的树吗？They believe that there are transport developments around the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.他们相信交通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来很多更好的变化。Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the on
16、ly way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，严格说来，我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。1与介词in搭配的常用短语in a way在某种程度上in no way没门in the way挡住道路in vain徒劳in general 通常，大体上in detail 详细地in turn 轮流in return 作为回报in need 需要in time 迟早；及时2与out of搭配的常用短语out of date/time 过时/过期out of question 毫无疑问out of
17、 the question 不可能out of shape 变形out of fashion 不流行out of order 出了故障out of reach 遥不可及3“in名词of”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责；掌管in terms of 依据；就而言in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持；赞同in need of 需要4与介词at搭配的常用短语at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at one time 一度/曾经at times 不时地/有时at one's request 应某人的要求at a lo
18、ss 不知所措5其他常考短语on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然after all 毕竟；别忘了regardless of 不管，不顾on the whole 总的说来on the contrary 相反【关键能力】介词与语法填空在语法填空中，介词是必考内容，常考表示方位、时间、地点、方式、原因、计量、材料等以及习惯用语中的介词。典题试做在空白处填入适当的介词1 But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first
19、.2 Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.3 Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _ their hands.答案：1.to2.on3.with应对策略如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前一定是填介词。其次，还要注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。书面表达中介词易错点聚焦1句尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少2因不熟悉介词及介词短语语法功能和不同搭配而造成语句混乱、搭配不当等错误(误)I often come to school take bus，but sometimes I come by my father's car.(正)I often come to school by bus，but sometimes I come in my father's car.3英汉差异造成的介词错用