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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第17讲一介词和介词短语【复习概览】介词和介词短语介词和介词短语介词和介词短语语法知识语言能力在语境中 理解和运 用新的语 法知识1 ,单句填空2 .语篇填空3 .单句翻译4 .书面表达一、命题要求介词和介词短语考点，是英语高考常考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：常用介词的用法、介词短语 的用法等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1 .语法填空；2.书面表达。介词和介词短语在语法填空中是常考点。2022年介词和介词短语还有可能考，让学生掌握这个考点是必要的。【基础巩固】知识点：介词和介词短语重难点知识：考点1常见介词的用法【典例】.【2
2、021英语全国甲卷】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It was built originally to protect the city 42. the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored （修复）.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知， 表示“在某个朝代
3、”应用介词in。故填in。1 .【2021 全国高考乙卷】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 , trips are now being classified as ecotourism.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态 旅游。various types of为固定搭配表示“各种各样的“，所以空格处应填of。故填of。2 .【河南省平顶山市 2021 届高三 10 月阶
4、段测试Doctors say 60 minutes of exercise is needed teens tobuild up their bone and muscle strength.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。医生说，青少年需要60分钟的锻炼来增强骨骼和肌肉力量。本句含有不定式复合结构 “for sb. to do sth.”作状语。for表示“对于。故填for。3 .【吉林省吉林市2021届高三上学期第一次调研考试】A Weibo user remarked, Lis success lies herpassion fbr life.,5【答案】in【解析】考查固定短语。李的成
5、功在于她对生活的热情。句中涉及固定短语“liein.一，意为“在于.”，句中指“李的成功在于她对生活的热情”符合句意。故填in。【方法指南】常用介词如 in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across 等含义较多，应全面把握。1. against有“违背，违逆；反对；对.不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.假期帮助我们在工作中表现得
6、更好，提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。2. beyond可表示范围，限度，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one reach/one*s control,意为无法用语言形容/无法用 语言描述/想象不出来/无法相信/够不着/无法控制”。“I came to thank you, “she said, surprising me beyond speech.“我是来感谢你的。”她说。（听到这）让我惊讶地说不出话来。3. by可表示程度或增减的幅度，还可作“按；以计；依据讲。As far as I know, w
7、orkers are generally paid by the month.据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。4. for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为.”之意。The biggest concern fbr most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。The mother continued to care fbr the young panda fbr more than two years.这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。5. off有“在离.不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。She drove so
8、 fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。6. across有“横跨”之意。Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？7. on/upon有“刚就；一就之意，后接名词或动词一ing形式。Upon graduation, Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.夏洛特一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔，开
9、了一个私人诊所。8. over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到结束，Talks with the teachers* union over the weekend have averted a strike.周末与教师工会举行的谈判避免了一场罢工。Over coffee, she lit a cigarette, her eyes daring him to comment.喝咖啡时，她点燃了一支烟，用挑衅的眼神看着他，谅他也不敢吭声。9. within可表示范围、程度，意为“在之内”。The government was doing everything within its power to
10、 help the victims.政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。10. of表不在范围内。The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.停火决议要求释放所有战俘。 A common memory they all have of their schooldays is the school uniform.他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。【变式】.【宁夏银川一中 2021 届高三第三次月考】Nations or countries are often linked certain food
11、. Forexample, many people think of Italy when eating pizza.【答案】to/with【解析】考查介词。民族或国家通常与某种特定的食物联系在一起。be linked to/with为固定短语，意为“与 有联系”。故填to/with。1 .【吉林省长春市普通高中2021届高三质量检测】Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon（桦卯）technique, which means no nails or glue are involved the entire process
12、 of building the arch bridge.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。阿木爷爷遵循中国古代的桦卯技术，这意味着在整个建造拱桥的过程中不涉及到钉子或胶水。此处是短语be involved in意思为“包括中，涉及到故填水。考点2介词的固定搭配【典例】.【江西省赣州市会昌县七校2021届高三联合月考】the study said. nClimate change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected.nThe report identified six areas that the
13、 world needs to deal immediately.【答案】with【解析】考查固定短语。该报告确定了世界需要立即处理的六个领域。deal with处理，该短语是固定短语， 所以填witho.【山西省长治市2021届高三期中考试联考】It was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意:九岁的时候，我开始患上抑郁症。suffer from患病”,故填from。【方法指南】考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。Mary was silent
14、during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。I hate it when she calls me at workPm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes to
15、 animals both on land and sea?你听说过成为海陆两栖动物的栖息地的树吗？They believe that there are transport developments around the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.他们相信交通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来很多更好的变化。Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way fbr us to survive is to live in harmo
16、ny with nature.人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，严格说来，我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。1 .与介词in搭配的常用短语in a way在某种程度上in no way 没门in the way挡住道路in vain徒劳in general通常，大体上in detail详细地in turn轮流in return作为回报in need需要in time迟早；及时，.与out of搭配的常用短语out of date/time 过时/过期out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能out of shape 变形out of fashion
17、 不流行out of order 出 了故障out of reach遥不可及.“in+名词+。产常用搭配in honor of 为名己念in charge of负责；掌管in terms of依据；就而言in praise of 赞扬in favor of支持；赞同in need of 需要.与介词at搭配的常用短语at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at one time 一度/曾经at times不时地/有时at one*s request应某人的要求at a loss不知所措.其他常考短语on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然afte
18、r all毕竟；别忘了regardless of 不管，不顾on the whole总的说来on the contrary 相反【关键能力】介词与语法填空在语法填空中，介词是必考内容，常考表示方位、时间、地点、方式、原因、计量、材料等以及习惯 用语中的介词。典题试做在空白处填入适当的介词1. But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when Iwas the first.2. . Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morn
19、ing than we are later in the day.3. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.答案：l.to 2.on 3.with应对策略如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前一定是填介词。其次，还要 注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。书面表达中介词易错点聚焦1 .句尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少He is the man I just spoke. 口 误He is th
20、e man I just spoke to.匚正I dont know which school he studies.二误I dont know which school he studies in. 正vI dont know in which school he studies. Z IEJ don*t know where he studies. DIE2 .因不熟悉介词及介词短语语法功能和不同搭配而造成语句混乱、搭配不当等错误3 误）1 often come to school take bus, but sometimes I come by my fathers car.4 正）
21、1 often come to school by bus, but sometimes I come in my fathers car.3.英汉差异造成的介词错用误二 He got married with her last month.IE DHe got married to her last month.、二正 L He married her last month.误二 He has a knife wound with the leg.正 口 He has a knife wound in the leg.口 误匚 He drove onto a tree yesterday.;二正二 He drove into a tree yesterday.二误二A is different with B.正 匚 A is different from B.二误二 under the help of the teacher 正匚 with the help of the teacher口误匚He made holes on the wall.上正二He made holes in the wall.