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1、十年（20102020）高考英语真题分项详解20阅读理解·夹叙夹议类1.（2020年，江苏卷） I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely re
2、cognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amaz
3、onian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the m
4、atch ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in hi
5、s world. In Juans world, each village could have its own moon. In Juans world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to fi
6、nd. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juans village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juans question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in pa
7、rt, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new
8、 species, new monkey, new spider, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as
9、 it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biolo
10、gical discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of
11、exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that i
12、nsects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?A.Out of place.B.Full of joy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.2.What made tha
13、t Amazonian evening wonderful?A.He learned more about the local language.B.They had a nice conversation with each other.C.They understood each other while playing.D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.3.Why was the author surprised at Juans question about the moon?A.The question was too stra
14、ightforward.B.Juan knew so little about the world.C.The author didnt know how to answer.D.The author didnt think Juan was sincere.4.What was the authors initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A.To sort out what we have known.B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.C.To improve his reputat
15、ion as a biologist.D.To learn more about local cultures.5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.B.They followed other scientists closely.C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.6.What c
16、ould be the most suitable title for the passage?A.The Possible and the Impossible .B.The Known and the Unknown .C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized .D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent.【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现
17、的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。1.推理判断题。根据第一段“We didnt speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didnt entirely recognize the food. We couldnt have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone k
18、new the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juans world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这
19、个世界知之甚少。故选B项。4.推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider.,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species .I started a third drawer for these bi
20、g discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。5.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peer
21、s.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。6.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。2.（2020年，全国卷II）I have a special place in my heart for libr
22、aries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first jo
23、b was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books wer
24、e our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !
25、It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with l
26、ibraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers
27、should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.7.Which word best describes the authors relationship with books as a child?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inse
28、parable.D.Casual.8.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Pleasure from working in the library.B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.D.A closer bond developed with the readers.9.What does the author call on other write
29、rs to do?A.Sponsor book fairs.B.Write for social media.C.Support libraries.D.Purchase her novels.10.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB.My Idea about writingC.Library: A Haven for the YoungD.My Love of the Library【答案】7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的
30、读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。7.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the boo
31、ks I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。8.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to lo
32、ad up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。9.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all w
33、riters should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C
34、。10.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。3.（2016年，全国卷I）Grandparents Answer a CallAs a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daught
35、er and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have
36、 had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the W
37、hite House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by , 83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and
38、couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raising children.”Moving is not
39、 for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life
40、you know may be harder.11.Why was Garzas move a success?A.It strengthened her family ties.B.It improved her living conditions.C.It enabled her to make more friends.D.It helped her know more new places.12.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision?A.17% expressed their support for
41、it.B.Few people responded sympathetically.C.83% believed it had a bad influence.D.The majority thought it was a trend.13.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A.They were unsure of themselves.B.They were eager to raise more children.C.They wanted to live away from their parents.D.They had li
42、ttle respect for their grandparents.14.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own.B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.D.Get to know themselves better.【答案】11.A 12.D 13
43、.C 14.A【解析】本文是一篇关于人与社会问题的报道类夹叙夹议文。通过描述部分祖父母选择搬去和孩子们生活在一起，以便为孩子们提供帮助，引发更多人的选择与思考。11.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.”可知这次搬家给他们带来了更紧密的家庭联系。故选A。12.细节理解题。根据第二段结尾处“.83 percent of the pe
44、ople said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.”可知83%的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定会影响美国家庭，2/3的人相信更多家庭会效仿，所以“多数人认为这是一种趋势”。故选D。13.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt ge
45、t away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”可知那时的人们一心希望离家越远越好、越快越好。本题出错主要原因在于考生对“cant.enough表示越越好”不熟悉，而按字面理解成了“没能力离家足够远”。故选C。14.推理判断题。第四段首句“Moving is not for everyone”已经说明“移居并非适合每一个人”，再结合下文“Having yourgrandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult ch
46、ild is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.”可知“（祖父母）得知孩子们在异地艰苦的生活，是很难过的，但（祖父母）放弃自己熟悉的生活也许会更难过”，所以推断出作者建议“作选择时要慎重，要以自己最大的需求为衡量标准”。故选A。4.（2016年，天津卷）Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience
47、 this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not so
48、mething in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never
49、letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, h