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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）25说明文体类语法填空【命题意图】 在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。【考试方向】作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点：文章以记叙文和说明文为主，文章长度控制在190220词，10道题中，有67个试题给出提示词(全国卷都是7个)，要求考生；考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结
2、合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非谓语动词，各种从句等。 从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看，给出提示词的考点主要包括：词类的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换）；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等。给出提示词考点多为实词，所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是13个单词。挖空分布均匀，考点的安排注重多样化。不给提示词的考点主要包括：连词（并列连词和从属连词）、介词（动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。【得
3、分要点】1、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；2、给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词（前缀）；3、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；4、不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。【真题再现】【2020·新高考
4、全国卷I（山东）】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, _36_ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too
5、 big _37_ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _38_ (form) the core collection of the British Museum _39_ opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public _40_ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a
6、 museums collection _41_ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _42_ (they) living at a different time in history o
7、r _43_(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical _44_ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete _45_peoples spare time and money with o
8、ther amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.【答案】36. wealthy 37. or 38. formed 39. which/that 40. are called 41. is 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. for【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。36.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品
9、和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。38.考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。39.考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museu
10、m，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museums collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for re
11、search.中的is也是提示。故填is。42.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为”他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。43.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb. doing sth.”想象某人做某事”。故填walking。44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词hi
12、storical之后，应使用名词，意为”历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。45.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为:”为了竞争”。故填for。【题型演练】1阅读下面短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中单词的正确形式。There is a gigantic study thats been done in 38 cultures. 1. turns out that in every culture, both males and females desire their potential mat
13、es to be bright. But we dont have our IQs 2. (print) on our forehead. How do we know that someones 3. (intelligence)? In Western cultures, at least, its often by the persons sense of humor. Because creating and appreciating jokes both require us to make 4. (connect) between many separate pieces of i
14、nformation, 5. (have) a sense of humor shows that we possess a wide knowledge and 6. we know how to think about things in novel and creative ways.Take a cartoon 7. example: a mouse is standing outside his house, having just pulled a gun on a cat, who pretends to give in by raising one paw (爪). “Six
15、rounds. Nine lives. You do the math,” the cat says. In order to appreciate this joke, you need to know that mice are 8. (usual) the victims of cats, many guns have six bullets (子弹), and cats 9. (say) to have nine lives because of their ability to always land on their feet. You also need to be able t
16、o do some math 10. (understand) that the cat has the advantage in this scene after all.【答案】1. It 2. printed 3. intelligent 4. connections 5. having 6. that 7. for 8. usually 9. are said 10. to understand【解析】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲了在西方文化中，人们经常通过一个人的幽默感来判断其智商，并解析了原因。1. 考查代词。句意：研究结果显示在每一种文化中，男性和女性都渴望自己未来的一半是聪明
17、的。本句是主语从句，谓语 turns out之前缺少主语，其真正的主语为turns out 后面的句子，因此，可知本句缺少形式主语，故填It。2. 考查非谓语。句意：但是我们的IQ并不是印在额头上。本句已经有了谓语dont have, 给出词print跟谓语并无并列关系，因此可知print为非谓语。IQs跟print之间为被动关系，用have sth. done结构，故填printed。3. 考查词性转换。句意：我们怎么知道一个人是聪慧的呢？根据know that可知后面为宾语从句。因此，someones不是所有格形式，而是someone is 的缩写形式。be动词后需要形容词充当表语。故填i
18、ntelligent。4. 考查词性转换。句意：因为创作和理解笑话都需要关联好多信息，所以具有幽默感意味着我们知识渊博，并且我们懂得以一种新奇且有创造性的方式来思考问题。本句make为及物动词，后面需要添加名词充当宾语，再结合between many separate pieces of information可知需要跟很多条信息相关联，用名词复数。故填connections。5. 考查动名词。句意：同上。前面的Because为原因状语从句，可知have后面整个部分为主句。主句的shows为谓语，可知前面为主语，因此have须变为动名词。故填having。6. 考查从属连词。句意：同上。前面的
19、Because为原因状语从句，可知have后面整个部分为主句。shows后面为宾语，两个句子之间有and可知它们都为宾语从句。第二个句子意思完整，故填that。7. 考查固定搭配/介词。句意：以一部卡通片为例。本题考查固定搭配take sth for example，意为“以为例”。固填for。8. 考查副词。句意：为了能够理解这个笑话，你需要知道老鼠是猫的天敌，很多枪有六发子弹，猫据说有九条命，因为猫总有能安全着地的能力。从are the victims of cats 可知此处为系表谓语，usual为形容词。usual修饰系表谓语时，需要变为副词。故填usually。9. 考查被动语态。句
20、意：同上。主语本句有后面的动词都为不定式，故可知say为谓语。主语cats与say之间为被动关系，再结合上下文，可知时态为一般现在时，故填are said。10. 考查非谓语。句意：你也需要会做数学题，以便能够理解在此幕中猫所拥有的优势。本句的谓语为need to be able to do sth ,因此可知understand为非谓语，understand表目的，故填to understand。2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The Burj A1 Arab is a luxury hotel in Dubai. It stands on a ma
21、n-made island 11. (locate) just off Dubais coast, and is connected to the mainland by means of a private bridge. The amazing building is one of the tallest hotels in the world. It was designed to look like the sail of a “dhow”， 12. type of Arabian boat. Tom Wright, the designer of the hotel, said he
22、 wanted the Burj A1 Arab to be a symbolic 13. (construct) for Dubai like the Eiffel Tower is for Paris.The Burj A1 Arab has 202 rooms as well as six award-winning restaurants. One of these restaurants, the A1 Muntaha, 14. (offer) fantastic views of Dubai, because it is 200 metres above sea level.Gue
23、sts 15. decide to stay at the Burj A1 Arab can look forward to 16. (receive) extremely good service. From the moment you check in to the moment you are dropped off at the airport, the hotels staff take care of everything.17. (fortunate), entry into the Burj A1 Arab is not allowed unless you are a ho
24、tel guest. But dont worry; views of the outside of the hotel are as 18. (impress) as views of its inside. So, if you ever visit Dubai, be sure 19. (take) a photograph of the Burj A1 Arab. It is 20. a doubt one of the most beautiful hotels in the world!【答案】11. located 12. a 13. construction 14. offer
25、s 15. who/that 16. receiving 17. Unfortunately 18. impressive 19. to take 20. without【解析】本文介绍迪拜的一家豪华酒店阿拉伯塔。11. 考查过去分词。句意：它坐落在离迪拜海岸不远的一个人工岛上，通过一座私人桥梁与大陆相连。此处island 和locate之间是被动关系，是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为located。12. 考查不定冠词。句意：它是为了看起来像“单桅三角帆船的帆,一种阿拉伯船。A type of一种类型的，故答案为a。13. 考查名词。句意：他希望阿拉伯塔能像埃菲尔铁塔一样成为迪拜的标志性建筑。
26、形容词修饰名词，故答案为construction。14. 考查时态。句意：其中一家名为A1 Muntaha的餐厅，可以看到迪拜的美景，因为它海拔200米。句子用一般现在时态，主语是the A1 Muntaha，单数第三人称形式，故答案为offers。15. 考查定语从句。句意：决定住在阿拉伯塔的客人可以期待得到非常好的服务。此处Guests是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中做主语，故答案为who/that。16. 考查固定搭配。句意：决定住在阿拉伯塔的客人可以期待得到非常好的服务。固定词组：look forward to后面跟名词、代词宾格或动名词做宾语，故答案为receiving。17. 考
27、查副词。句意：不幸的是，进入阿拉伯塔是不允许的，除非你是酒店客人。此处是副词修饰整个句子，结合句意可知答案为Unfortunately。18. 考查形容词。句意：但别担心；酒店外面的景色和里面的一样令人印象深刻。结合句意可知答案为impressive。19. 考查固定搭配。be sure to do sth.一定会做某事，故答案为to take。20. 考查介词。句意：毫无疑问，它是世界上最美丽的酒店之一! without a doubt毫无疑问，故答案为without。3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The World Expo 2020 will be h
28、eld in Dubai,in the United Arab Emirates (UAE),between October next year and the following April, 21. the design of the China Pavilion （展馆） has been made public in the city.The blueprint for the China Pavilion 22. (present) at a ceremony last Wednesday.With the design presented,the next step is to s
29、peed up construction. 23. (occupy) an area of more than 4,600 square meters,it will be one of the largest at the expo.Its 24. (inspire) was drawn from a Chinese lantern,25. symbolizes hope and a bright future.It combines Chinese elements with modern technologies and shows Chinas latest achievements2
30、6. science and information communication.The China Pavilion will be built with the theme “Building a community with a27. (share) future for mankind-Innovation and Opportunity.”The Dubai World Expo is a platform to display the economic and social development of the participating 28. (country).It also
31、 showcases the bilateral 29. (friend) exchange between the UAE and other countries.The UAE plays a big role in Chinas Belt and Road Initiative and says it hopes the World Expo will help to improve ties with China . The World Expo has been 30. (irregular) held once every few years since 1851 and each
32、 Expo lasts for six months or so.【答案】21. and 22. was presented 23. Occupying 24. inspiration 25. which 26. in 27. shared 28. countries 29. friendly 30. irregularly【解析】这是一篇说明文。2020年世博会将于明年10月至明年4月在阿联酋的迪拜举行，中国馆的设计已在迪拜公开。文章介绍了中国馆和世博会的一些信息。21. 考查并列连词。句意：2020年世博会将于明年10月至明年4月在阿联酋的迪拜举行，中国馆的设计已在迪拜公开。此处是并列的递
33、进关系。故填and。22. 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：中国馆的蓝图是上周三在一个仪式上展示的。句子主语The blueprint 是单数第三人称形式，和谓语动词present之间是一种被动关系，再根据last Wednesday可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填was presented。23. 考查现在分词作原因状语。句意：占地面积超过4600平方米，它将是世博会最大的建筑之一。句子主语it和occupy之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词作原因状语，故填Occupying。24. 考查名词。句意：它的灵感来自于中国的灯笼，象征着希望和光明的未来。此处its是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词
34、，故填inspiration。25. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：它的灵感来自于中国的灯笼，象征着希望和光明的未来。此处lantern是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少引导词和主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。26. 考查介词。句意：它将中国元素与现代技术相结合，展示了中国在科学和信息传播方面的最新成就。此处表示在某一方面，要用介词in，故填in。27. 考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：中国馆的主题是“构建人类命运共同体创新与机遇”。此处share和future之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作前置定语，故填shared。28. 考查名词复数。句意：迪拜世博会是展示参展国家经
35、济社会发展的平台。世博会参与的国家不止一个，所以这里要用名词复数，故填countries。29. 考查形容词作定语。句意：它还展示了阿联酋与其他国家的双边友好交流。此处exchange是名词，由形容词修饰，故填friendly。30. 考查副词。句意：自1851年以来，世博会每隔几年就不定期举行一次，每次世博会持续6个月左右。此处held是动词，由副词修饰，故填irregularly。4阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end
36、of the Palace of Westminster in London. Its sound so well known 31. it has often been used in films. The Clock tower was completed in 1859 and the Great Clock started on 31 May，with the Great Bells strikes 32. (hear) for the first time on 11 July. It celebrated its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009,
37、during 33. celebratory events took place. The tower has become one of the most outstanding 34. (symbol) of both London and England.The Clock Tower you see today is not the first tower to be built in Parliaments ground. The 35. (origin) tower was built in 1288- 1290 during the reign of King Edward I.
38、 Unfortunately 36. big fire destroyed most of the Palace of Westminster. Architects 37. ( invite) to submit their designs and Sir Charles Barrys was successful. Reconstruction of the Clock Tower began in September 1843.38. was designed in the Victorian Gothic style.With time passing by, the top of t
39、he clock tower is leaning one-and-a-half fee off a level positionand 39. (get) worse each year now, partly as a result 40. decades of underground excavation.【答案】31. that 32. heard 33. which 34. symbols 35. original 36. a 37. were invited 38. It 39. getting 40. of【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦威斯敏斯特宫北端大钟大本钟的有关历
40、史知识。31. 考查句型固定句式。句意：大本钟的声音如此有名以至于它经常在电影里出现。sothat.为固定搭配，意为“如此以致于”，故填that。32. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大钟于5月31日开始报时，大钟在7月11日第一次敲响。在with的复合结构中，介词宾语the Great Bells strikes与动词hear二者是被动关系，即敲钟的声音被听到，用过去分词作宾补。故填heard。33. 考查定语从句。句意：它于2009年5月31日庆祝成立150周年，其间举行了庆祝活动。本句是定语从句，其中31 May 2009是先行词，在定语从句中作介词during的宾语，指物要用which，定语从
41、句中常把介词与关系词一起提到前面，即介词+关系代词which，表示在此期间。故填which。34. 考查名词的复数形式。句意：这座塔已成为伦敦和英国最突出的象征之一。“one of+名词复数”，可知，空格后要跟名词的复数形式。故填symbols。35. 考查形容词。句意：最初的钟塔建于12881290年爱德华一世统治时期。本空格修饰名词tower，一般用形容词修饰名词tower，故填original。36. 考查不定冠词。句意：一场大火摧毁了威斯敏斯特宫的绝大部分。此处是表示数量，表示“一”，故填a。37. 考查被动语态。句意：众多设计师应邀提交设计方案，其中查尔斯·巴里的方案脱颖而
42、出。主语Architects与动词 invite二者是被动关系，即设计师是被动，表示设计师是“被邀请”要用被动语态；本文叙述的过去的事，要用一般过去时。综合可知，空格处要用一般过去时的被动形式，主语是复数，故填were invited。38. 考查代词。句意：它是按维多利亚哥特式风格设计的。根据语境可知，空格处指代上文中的Clock Tower，英语中常用it指代上文提到的事，故填It。39. 考查时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，钟楼的顶部已经偏离水平位置倾斜了1.5英尺，而且每年的倾斜幅度都在增加，造成这一结果的部分原因是长达几十年的地下挖掘。句末的时间状语now和上文中is leaning的运
43、用都表明应该填现在进行式，强调动作现阶段一直在进行。故填getting。40. 考查介词。句意：随着时间的流逝，钟楼的顶部已经偏离水平位置倾斜了1.5英尺，而且每年的倾斜幅度都在增加，造成这一结果的部分原因是长达几十年的地下挖掘。“as a result of”是固定搭配，意思是“因为；由于”，故填of。5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Astronomy is the oldest science 41. （know）to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered
44、about the heavens. But man was 42. （limit）by the six planets that he could see only 43. his eyes alone. The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size colour, and 44. （bright）of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars 45. （move ）as the seasons
45、changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens. Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Man knew a little about the moon 46. there were telescopes.He did not know that the planet called Saturn had 47. （ring）around it. His sight was 48
46、. limited that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Before the spectroscope, man did not know what kind of gases 49. （be）around the sun or other stars. Without the radio-telescope, we did not know that radio noises came from far in space.
47、Today, astronomy is a 50. （grow）science. We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.【答案】41. known 42. limited 43. with 44. brightness 45. move 46. until 47. rings 48. so 49. was 50. growing【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类探索太空的历史。41. 考查过去分词。句意：天文学是人类知道的最古老的科学。the oldest s
48、cience是know动作的承受者，故用过去分词known作定语，表示被动。故填known。42. 考查被动语态。句意：但是人类被限制在只能用眼睛观察到的六个星球上。根据句意可知此处为被动语态， be limited by被所限制。故填limited。43. 考查介词。句意：但是人类被限制在只能用眼睛观察到的六个星球上。用眼睛观察应用介词“with”。故填with。44. 考查名词。句意：他们可以看星星的大小，颜色和亮度。解析句子可知此处为and连接的三个并列的名词，brightness“亮度”。故填brightness。45. 考查动词的宾补结构。句意：他们看到星星随着季节的变化而移动。理解句意可知，本空并非表示看着星星正在移动，而是观看移动的整个过程，故用动词原形作宾语补足语。故填move。46. 考查连词。句意：直到有了望远镜人类才开始了解月球。理解句意可知，此处应用until引导时间状语从句，故填until。47. 考查名词复数。句意：他并不知道土星周围围绕着土星环。根据常识可知，土星有土星环，而且不止一个，故用名词ring“环行物”的复数形式