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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）19记叙文体类七选五【命题意图】 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理
2、解和掌握。可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。【考试方向】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对
3、完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。 语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连
4、接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。【得分要点】 （1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。（2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、
5、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。（3）从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关
6、联词，请大家一定要背熟：（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neithernor, eitheror, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently,
7、 accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even i
8、f, nevertheless, despite, in spite of （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同（1）若问题在
9、段首 （i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。 （ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会有某种的衔接手段。 （iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。（2）若问题在段尾 （i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、概括性语句
10、。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现
11、同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。（3）若问题是一整个自然段 （i）承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可以从选项中较长的选项开
12、始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 （ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 （iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。【真题再现】【2020年7月·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处
13、的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My lo
14、ve of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 32 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapter
15、s. Reading opened new worlds to me. _33_ My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were.
16、34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me. 35 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weathe
17、r or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. Theyre all memories I treasure today.A. I wasn't alone any longer.B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.C. I was in
18、vited to play with another kid.D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.G. My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.【答案】31. G 32. D 33. A 34. F 35. E【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者养成几个生活
19、习惯的原因。31.设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。故选G项。32.根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D项“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。D项切题
20、。故选D项。33.根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。A项切题。故选A项。34.根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项“于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。F项切题。故选F项。35.根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E项“我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。E项切题。故选E项。【题型演练】1My mother is a diligent and
21、 kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher, she works hard.1. Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us.My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon.
22、2. She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times.3. Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning
23、the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but hig
24、h quality clothes for us. 4. She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints.Often she says to us, “work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and gay. If you do not work, you will become
25、 lazy and be of no use to society”. What a piece of good advice this is! 5. This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her. A. As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.B. She enjoys listening to clas
26、sic music.C. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.D. She loves her students and cares for them.E.My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.F.Can you tell us something about your mother?G.I never forget it and always bear it in my mind.2There was once a lonely girl who longed
27、 so much for love. One day while she was walking in the woods she found two starving birds. 6. She cared them with love and the birds grew strong. Every morning they greeted her with a wonderful song. The girl felt the great love from the birds.7. . The larger and the stronger of th
28、e two birds flew from the cage. The girl was so frightened that he would fly away. As he flew close, she grasped him wildly. Her heart felt glad at her success in capturing him. 8. . She opened her hand and stared in horror at the dead bird. Her desperate love had killed him.She noti
29、ced the other bird moving back and forth on the edge of the cage. She could feel his great need for freedom. He needed to fly into the clear, blue sky. 9. . The bird circled once, twice, three times.The girl watched delightedly at the birds enjoyment. 10. . She wanted the bird t
30、o be happy. Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the sweetest songs that she had ever heard.The fastest way to lose love is to hold on it too tight, while the best way to keep love is to give it wings! A. Her heart was no longer concerned with her loss.B. She gave
31、 them some delicious food and left.C. One day she left with the two birds at home alone.D. She took them home and put them in a small cage.E.She lifted him from the cage and threw him softly into the air.F.One day the girl left the door of the cage open.G.Suddenly she felt the bird go soft
32、ly.3If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 11. The friends who introdu
33、ced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 12. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bil
34、l for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 13. Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.14. We have done a lot o
35、f it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.15. It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her
36、way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A. This time there was no tent.B. Things are going to be improved.C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After the
37、 trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.4I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 16. His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in t
38、he neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 17. I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several b
39、ooks. I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 18. My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of
40、 wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 19. I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things
41、with me.20. My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. Theyre all memo
42、ries I treasure today.A. I wasn't alone any longer.B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.C. I was invited to play with another kid.D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.G.My older brot
43、her couldnt be bothered to play with me.5It was a little before nine o'clock on Tuesday night. 21. “Do you need a second helping of pudding?"a waitress asked. Antonio, who had already finished a plate of pasta,a Fish Stew and a slice of cake, couldn't answer it right away. The question
44、might be common for most diners, but for him, it was entirely novel because he was homeless and was having the meal for free. 22. .He had no preparation for it.23. But at night, it transforms itself into a pioneering place where homeless people such as Antonio can dine free of charge, at tables set
45、with flowers, metal cutlery（餐具）and proper glasses.The restaurant is the latest initiative（初步行动）from the charity Mensajeros de la Paz.It was founded 54 years ago by Father Angel Garcia Rodriguez. Its business model using breakfast and lunch takings from paying customers to fund free evening meals for
46、 the homeless - is simple enough. 24. “The inspiration came from Pope Francis, who's spoken again and again about the importance of giving people dignity, whether it's through bread or through work," said Father Angel. “ 25. People with nothing can come and eat in the restaurant and get
47、 the same treatment as everyone else. It's just common sense."A. By day, the Robin Hood restaurant, which sits on a side street near the center of Madrid,is a typical Spanish bar.B. So we thought, why not open a restaurant with tablecloths, proper cutlery and waiters?C. They plan to extend
48、the scheme and hopes it will attract famous chefs to come to cook.D. It was the first time that he had been asked such a question.E.The homeless are treated with respect at the restaurant.F.Antonio found himself facing a welcome dilemma.G.Its aim, however, is a little ambitious.6About 43 years ago,
49、spotted an advertisement in the paper for the YMCA wilderness program. 26. My first experience was a boat trip. I still have the images of sunrises and sunsets with all the beautiful colours on Lake of the Woods.27. Even now I can feel the cold water dripping down my arm as we sat in the boat pulling the paddles awkwardly through running water. It was my first experience in a boat and my arms became tired after many hours of paddling.We