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1、专题13 完形填空之人与自我 序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】“人与自我”主题语境主要涉及两个大主题,即:生活与学习、做人与做事,具体包括:个人、家庭、学校、社区生活,健康生活方式,丰富完善自我,乐于学习,优秀品行,人生态度和创新创业意识等。【技巧点拨】1.浏览全文,理清脉络对于完形填空题,很多考生存在一个解题误区:不先浏览全文,急急忙忙就做题。在不了解文章大体意思的情况下就做题,那只能是“只见树木,不见森林”。脱离开语篇这个大语境,其结果是不断地涂改、不断地修
2、正,既浪费了时间,又导致出错率大增。所以,无论考场时间多紧,也要坚持用两三分钟的时间大体浏览一下全文厘清文章的脉络再做题。重视文章首句,通过首句作出合理的预测;重视每层首尾句,揣摩文章发展的脉络;重视议论部分,提炼文章的主旨大意。2.分层落实,能填则填浏览全文,厘清了文章的脉络后,接下来便是做题的过程。完形填空绝大部分题目应该都是基础题目,也就是上文提到的句内、句句层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意,再结合本句或相邻的几个句子做到边读边填。随着一个个空缺被填充,文章被还原,文意想要表达的内容也就越来越显现、越明朗,做题就会越来越顺手。所以做完形填空时能填的尽量填一填,先把部分残缺的信息
3、补齐。3.重读全文,解决难题对于语篇层次题不要急于下结论。这类题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇,要求考生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络,作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。我们通常称这类题目为语篇层次题。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答,所以在大部分空格填好后,再仔细推敲难题。此时难题也就不再难了。如果时间允许的话,最好在所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍来进行核查。 Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标I】Since our twins began
4、 learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, theyll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting its 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of
5、 requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids. One day theyll 47 and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48 .I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie were telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows
6、and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. Im telling them they cant open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, What if it isnt
7、 a door? That is, What if it isnt a 57 opportunity?Maybe its an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldnt lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, No. We cant go outside now. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they wont 60 to open them
8、and walk through.24941AreliefBtargetCreasonDcase42AadmitBbelieveCmeanDrealize43AgraduallyBconstantlyCtemporarilyDcasually44AresultBdangerCmethodDtruth45AmerelyBslightlyChardlyDpartly46AreviewingBapprovingCreceivingDattempting47Awin outBgive upCwake upDstand out48AdreamBlieCfantasyDfact49AparentsBtwi
9、nsCcolleaguesDteachers50ArestrictionsBexplanationsCdifferencesDconsequences51AdemandBfearCdesireDdoubt52AphysicalBbiologicalCspiritualDbehavioral53AtraditionalBimportantCdoubleDoriginal54AlifeBtimeCreplyDhistory55Aby comparison withBin addition toCregardless ofDinstead of56Aget hold ofBstare atCknoc
10、k onDmake use of57ArealBTypicalCsimilarDlimited58Asafety ruleBcomfort zoneCbottom lineDtop secret59AdelayBregretCenjoyDaccept60AhurryBdecideChesitateDintend【答案】41C42A43B44D45A46D47C48B49A50D51B52C53B54A55D56B57A58C59D60C【解析】本文主题是人与自我。作者以现实中的门,引申出生活中的“门”,从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相,这样,孩子们才可以在生活的道路
11、上,不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰,从而抓住机遇,勇往直前。41考查名词词义辨析。句意:原因是明显的。A. relief安慰; B. target目标;C. reason原因;D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。42考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们承认它是一扇门,他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认;B. believe相信;C. mean意味着;D. realize意识到。下文they'll wa
12、nt to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去,那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。43考查副词词义辨析。句意:如果我们承认它是一扇门,他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地;B. constantly不断地;C temporarily临时地;D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出,孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。44考查名词词义辨析。句意:孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果
13、;B. danger危险;C. method方法;D. truth真相。下文But our insisting its 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试,和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。45考查副词词义辨析。句意:但是,我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户,阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过;B. slightly轻微地;C. hardly几乎不;D. partly部分
14、地。我在搪塞孩子们,所以轻描淡写地说,它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。46考查动名词词义辨析。句意:但是,我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户,阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾;B. approving赞成;C. receiving收到;D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。47考查动词短语辨析。句意:有一天,他们会开始了解真相,并且发现,一直以来,他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功;B. give up放弃;C. wake up开
15、始了解真相;D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天,孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。48考查名词词义辨析。句意:有一天,他们会开始了解真相,并且发现,一直以来,他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A. dream梦想;B. lie谎言;C. fantasy幻想;D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户,可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。故选B。49考查名
16、词词义辨析。句意:我想知道父母是否应该说出真相,无论结果如何。A. parents父母;B. twins双胞胎;C. colleagues同事;D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children,可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。50考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想知道父母是否应该说出真相,无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制;B. explanations解释;C. differences差异;D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相,孩子们就总想着打开门出去,这
17、是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。51考查名词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求;B. fear害怕;C. desire欲望;D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。52考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的;B b
18、iological生物的;C. spiritual心灵的;D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时,犹豫不前。由此可知,这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。53考查形容词词义辨析。句意:窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的; B. important重要的;C. double双重的;D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。由此可知,窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。54考查名词词义辨析。句意:
19、假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。A. life生活;B. time时间;C. reply回答;D. history历史。根据Then whenthey come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。55考查短语辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与相比;B. in additio
20、n to除之外;C. regardless of不管;D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎,今后,孩子们面对生活中的“门”时,会观望,而不是打开“门”。故选D。56考查动词短语辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住;B. stare at凝视;C. knock on敲击(门、窗);D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会,不是马上抓住它,而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知,孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。57考查形容词词义辨析。句意:也就
21、是说,假如它不是一个真的机会,将会怎么样?A. real真的;B. typical典型的;C. similar相似的;D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会,犹豫不前,是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。58考查名词短语词义辨析。句意:但是,底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则;B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线;D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。59考查动词词义辨析。句意:我应该只是接受重复的说:“不,我们现在不能去外面。”A. del
22、ay推迟;B. regret后悔;C. enjoy享受;D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时,我也不得不重复的说:“不,我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实,我只能接受。故选D。60查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,当他们遇到生活中的其他门时,或真实或比喻,他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们,然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙;B. decide决定;C. hesitate犹豫;D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时,孩子们将不再犹豫,大踏步向前走。故选C。【强重难词】 1. apparently adv. 显然地;似乎,表面上_ 2. merely adv.
23、 仅仅,只不过;只是3. absolutely adv. 绝对地;完全地4. unreasonable adj. 不合理的;过度的;不切实际的;非理智的5. repeatedly adv. 反复地;再三地;屡次地6. temporarily adv. 临时地,临时7. casually adv. 随便地;偶然地;临时地8. fantasy n. 幻想;白日梦;幻觉 9. spiritual adj. 精神的,心灵的;宗教的;(人)高尚的10. the bottom line 底线11. win out最后获得成功 12. by comparison with与.相比,同.比较起来13. com
24、fort zone舒适带,宜人的地区【析长难句】1. If we admit it is a door, theyll want to go outside constantly.【解析】本句中的 If we admit it is a door,是条件状语从句,theyll want to go outside constantly是主句。【译文】如果我们承认这是一扇门,他们就会不停地想走出去。【仿写】_2. But our insisting its merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to
25、open the door.【解析】句中的our insisting its merely a window是现在分词的复合结构做主语,kept.from .是阻止某人做莫事。【译文】但我们坚持这只是一扇窗户,这阻止他们无数次打开这扇门的请求。【仿写】_3. I have a very strong fear that the lie were telling is doing spiritual damage to our children. 【解析】I have a very strong fear是主句, that the lie were telling is doing spirit
26、ual damage to our children.是同位语从句;从句中的were telling 是省略了关系代词that的定语从句,先行词是the lie 【译文】我非常害怕我们撒的谎会对我们的孩子造成精神上的伤害。【仿写】_4.What if it isnt a door?【解析】句中的What if是固定句式,意思是“如果.会怎么样呢?”。【译文】如果这不是门怎么办?【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2020·江苏卷】完形填空Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Suc
27、cess 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives.When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38 of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a container of water would b
28、ring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 44 to find
29、a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.Later, he worked
30、in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because o
31、f the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 .Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54 . He proved that its not what happens to us that 55 our lives-its what we make of what happens.36AdependsBholdsCkeepsDreflects37AdilemmasBaccidentsCevents
32、Dsteps38AwayBhopeCplanDmeasure39AcontinuallyBgraduallyCgracefullyDcompletely40AdirectBshowCadvocateDdeclare41AAnywayBMoreoverCSomehowDThus42AmistakenlyBcasuallyCamazinglyDclumsily43AeruptedBexplodedCemptiedDexposed44AdeservedBattemptedCcaredDagreed45Asubmitted toBcatered forCimpressed onDhappened to
33、46AfantasticBextraordinaryCimpressiveDcatastrophic47AaccomplishedBcrucialCspecificDinnocent48AdeafnessBdepressionCblindnessDspeechlessness49AdecideBabandonCcontrolDaccept50AuntilBwhenCunlessDbefore51AoppositionBadjustmentsCcommitmentDlimitations52ApreventableBpotentialCspreadableDinfluential53Aschol
34、arshipsBrewardsCawardsDbonuses54AfortuneBrecipeCdreamDvision55AdistinguishesBdeterminesCclaimsDlimits【答案】36A37C38A39D40B41C42A43B44B45D46D47A48C49D50B51C52A53C54D55B【解析】本文主题是人与自我的文章。因为一次意外,威尔逊失明了。但是,他并没有抱怨命运的不公,而是努力地学习,接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力,获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。36考查动词词义辨析
35、。句意:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. depends依靠;B. holds握,持有;C. keeps保持;D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知,仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on:取决于。故选A。37考查名词词义辨析。句意:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. dilemmas进退两难的处境;B. accidents意外事故;C. events事,事件;D. steps脚步,步骤。结合文章最后一句“He proved that its not wha
36、t happens to us that 55 our lives-its what we make of what happens”可知,我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。38考查名词词义辨析。句意:1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法,方式;B. hope希望;C. plan计划;D. measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。39考查副词词义辨析。句意:1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰·威尔
37、逊走进他的化学教室时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地;B. gradually逐渐地;C. gracefully优雅地;D. completely完全地。结合下文可知,一场意外导致他失明,这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。40考查动词词义辨析。句意:那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A. direct指导,引导;B. show展示;C. advocate提倡,倡导;D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。41考查副词词义辨析。句意:不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热
38、的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. Anyway无论如何,不管怎样;B. Moreover而且;C. Somehow不知怎么地;D. Thus因此。不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。42考查副词词义辨析。句意:不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. mistakenly错误地;B. casually随意地;C. amazingly令人惊奇地;D. clumsily笨拙地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水,结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。43考查动词词义辨析。句意:当威尔逊把它加热时,容器爆炸了,导致威尔逊失明。A
39、. erupted爆发,喷出;B. exploded爆炸;C. emptied腾空,掏空;D. exposed揭露,使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水,而是更容易挥发的物质,所以,当威尔逊把它加热时,容器“爆炸”了,导致Wilson失明。故选B。44考查动词词义辨析。句意:两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得,应得,应受;B. attempted视图,尝试;C. cared关心,在乎; D. agreed同意。孩子失明了,身为父母,他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B。45考查动词短语辨析。句意:
40、两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交,服从;B. catered for迎合;C. impressed on给留下印象;D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。46考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的;B. extraordinary不同寻常的;C. impressive给人深刻印象的;D. catastrophic灾难性的,毁灭性的。根据上文his parents 44 to find a way to deal
41、 with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识,失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知,威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D。47考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在那里,他不仅是一名出色的学生,而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A. accomplished才华高的,有成就的;B. crucial至关重要的,关键性的;C. specific特定的,具体的;D. innocent无辜的,天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文,并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not onlybut also可以推知,他不仅是
42、个好学生,而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。48考查名词词义辨析。句意:后来,他在非洲工作,那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness聋,听力不佳;B. depression沮丧;C. blindness瞎;D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知,很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知,在非洲,有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明
43、”。故选C。49考查动词词义辨析。句意:对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定;B. abandon抛弃;C. control控制;D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well a
44、s a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知,威尔逊失明之后,他没有抱怨命运的不公,反而努力进取,由此推知,他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。50考查连接词词义辨析。句意:对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到;B. when在情况下,当时候;C. unless如果不;D. before在之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下,让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when表示“在情况下”。故选B。51考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对;B. adjustments调整,调节;C. commitment奉献,投入;D. limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知,威尔逊行